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Journal Articles

Physicochemical characterization of the youngest active domain in major fault zones using the weathering index and X-ray computed tomography

Iwamori, Akiyuki*; Ogita, Yasuhiro; Shimada, Koji; Tateishi, Ryo*; Takagi, Hideo*; Ota, Toru*; Cho, T.*; Kudo, Shunsuke*; Nojiri, Keisuke*; Shigemitsu, Yasumune*; et al.

Engineering Geology, 344, p.107821_1 - 107821_20, 2025/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107821

Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：28.27(Engineering, Geological)

Clarification of the physicochemical characterization of brittle fault rocks is important not only for understanding the history of the fault activity and deformation mechanisms, but also for assessing the siting conditions of important facilities such as nuclear power plants, radioactive waste disposal sites, and oil storage bases. Here, we apply the chemical weathering index (W values) to the brittle fault rocks of the Shiraki-Nyu fault (granite), the Tsuruga fault (geological boundary between granite and greenstone), and the Yamada fault (adamellite), which are active faults in the peripheral area of Wakasa Bay, and their respective protoliths (hard rocks), and investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the youngest active domain of brittle fault rocks based on the relationship between computed tomography data (CT numbers) and alteration intensity (AI values). The W values of the fault rocks are mainly affected by changes in Na $_{2}$ O and CaO, corresponding to the elution or deposition of plagioclase and calsite for granite, clinopyroxene and hornblende for greenstone, and plagioclase for adamellite. The W values mainly indicate the effects of hydrothermal alteration up to 50 60 percent and of weathering at over 60 percent. On the other hand, the CT values of the fault rocks are lowest in the fault gouge corresponding to the latest active zone, which was identified as the lowest density zone. In addition, fresh plagioclase fragments are present in each fault gouge of the latest active zone of the active faults in this study. The application of W values to brittle fault rocks is an effective method for understanding the trends of mineralogical variations associated with hydrothermal alteration and weathering in fault rocks, and it is highly possible to improve the accuracy of identifying the youngest active domain in major fault zones through joint analyses of CT numbers.

Journal Articles

Dynamics of plastic debris and its density change between river compartments in the Tuul River system, Mongolia

Munkhbat, D.*; Battulga, B.; Oyuntsetseg, B.*; Kawahigashi, Masayuki*

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(57), p.65548 - 65558, 2024/11

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35584-w

Plastic pollution in river environments has become an emerging concern in recent decades, and river plastic studies have received worldwide attention. However, most plastics research has focused on the dynamics of microsized plastics in surface water and sediments, whereas less research has been conducted on the gradual degradation and size reduction of plastics in the environment. Additionally, the migration of plastic debris between river compartments and changes in its properties are less understood despite their impact on its fate. In this study, we investigated changes in plastic debris distribution in terms of abundance, size, shape, polymer types, and photodegradation stages in the floodplain, surface water, and sediment compartments of the Tuul River system in Mongolia. The plastic abundance was 5.463.53 items/m $^{2}$ in the floodplain, 155100.7 items/m $^{3}$ in the surface water, and 128.476.3 items/kg in the sediment.

Journal Articles

Transmissivity prediction of the Excavation Damaged Zone fracture around the gallery at 500 m at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory

Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Ozaki, Yusuke; Tamura, Tomonori; Ishii, Eiichi

Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Coupled Processes in Fractured Geological Media; Observation, Modeling, and Application (CouFrac2024) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2024/11

In high-level radioactive waste disposal, it is crucial to estimate the transmissivity of gallery excavation-induced fractures, i.e., excavation damaged zone (EDZ) fractures, because EDZ fractures can be a radionuclide migration pathway after the backfilling of the facility is completed. From previous research, the transmissivity of the fracture can be estimated through the empirical equation using the parameter ductility index (DI), which corresponds to the effective mean stress normalized to the tensile strength of the rock. In this research, we performed a hydromechanical coupling analysis of a gallery excavation at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory to estimate the transmissivity of the EDZ fracture before the excavation. At first, we simulated the gallery excavation at 350 m and showed that the measured transmissivity was within the range of the estimated transmissivity using the DI. After that, we also predicted the excavation of a gallery at 500 m by setting the hydromechanical parameters acquired from the laboratory tests before the excavation. The estimated transmissivity at 500 m was one order of magnitude less than that at 350 m. This result might be related to the closure of the fracture under high-stress conditions and low rock strength.

Journal Articles

A Method for estimating the highest potential hydraulic conductivity in the excavation damaged zone in mudstone

Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Ishii, Eiichi

Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 52(2), p.385 - 401, 2019/02

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1577-z

Times Cited Count：25 Percentile：69.18(Engineering, Geological)

Excavation of deep underground openings induces permeable fractures around the opening due to stress redistribution. Such a zone is called excavation damaged zone (EDZ). In a high-level radioactive waste disposal project, the EDZ might provide pathways for the migration of radionuclides around the facility. Thus, this study focused on the development of a method for estimating the highest potential hydraulic conductivity in the EDZ around a gallery in the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory, Japan. Borehole televiewer surveys, rock core observations, and hydraulic tests were undertaken to investigate the extent and magnitude of hydraulic conductivity in the EDZ around the gallery. The observed extent of the EDZ shows good agreement with the EDZ estimated from hydro-mechanical coupling analysis. The measured hydraulic conductivities of the EDZ are within the range of those based on the Mean Stress Index (MSI), which is defined as the ratio of the effective mean stress derived from numerical analyses to the tensile strength of intact rock. Given that the rock mass is relatively homogeneous and artificial damage (e.g., blasting-induced damage) can be neglected, as in the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory, the MSI model is likely to be applicable in estimating the highest potential hydraulic conductivity in the EDZ.

Journal Articles

Hydrogeomechanical properties of excavation damaged zones along galleries in different depths of the Horonobe underground research laboratory

Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Ishii, Eiichi

Dai-14-Kai Iwa No Rikigaku Kokunai Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 6 Pages, 2017/01

The objective of this research is to investigate the hydro-mechanical properties of excavation damaged zones (EDZs) along the galleries excavated in 250 m and 350 m depths. We conducted hydraulic tests, BTV observations and core analyses. As a result, in the 250 m gallery, the extent of the EDZ was 1.0 m into the gallery wall. The hydraulic conductivity was increased by 2 to 3 orders of magnitudes compared with that of intact rock. On the other hand, in the 350 m gallery, the extent of the EDZ was 0.4 m into the gallery wall; the hydraulic conductivity was increased by 5 orders of magnitudes compared with that of intact rock. We investaged the difference of the characteristics of the EDZs on the basis of competence factor and ductility index. As a result, it was estimated that an extent of an EDZ decreases with decrease of competence factor; a hydraulic conductivity in an EDZ increases with decrease of ductility index.

Journal Articles

Application of Bayesian nonparametric models to the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of source term in a BWR severe accident

Zheng, X.; Ito, Hiroto; Kawaguchi, Kenji; Tamaki, Hitoshi; Maruyama, Yu

Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 138, p.253 - 262, 2015/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.02.004

Times Cited Count：12 Percentile：43.19(Engineering, Industrial)

Journal Articles

A New model to simulate critical current degradation of a large CICC by taking into account strand bending

Koizumi, Norikiyo; Nunoya, Yoshihiko; Okuno, Kiyoshi

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 16(2), p.831 - 834, 2006/06

https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2005.869640

Times Cited Count：25 Percentile：70.56(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Recent RF experiments and application of RF waves to real-time control of safety factor profile in JT-60U

Suzuki, Takahiro; Isayama, Akihiko; Ide, Shunsuke; Fujita, Takaaki; Oikawa, Toshihiro; Sakata, Shinya; Sueoka, Michiharu; Hosoyama, Hiroki*; Seki, Masami; JT-60 Team

AIP Conference Proceedings 787, p.279 - 286, 2005/09

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2098241

A real-time control system of safety factor (q) profile was developed in JT-60. This system, for the first time, enables 1) real time evaluation of q profile using local magnetic pitch angle measurement by motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic and 2) control of current drive (CD) location (rhoCD) by adjusting the parallel refractive index $N_{rm //}$ of lower-hybrid (LH) waves through the change of phase difference (dphi) of LH waves between multi-junction launcher modules. The method for q profile evaluation was newly developed, without time-consuming reconstruction of equilibrium, so that the method requires less computational time. The system evaluates q profile within every 10ms, which is much faster than current relaxation time, typically order of 1s. Safety factor profile by the real-time calculation agreed well with that by equilibrium reconstruction with MSE. From temporal evolution of q (or current) profile, we evaluate CD location in real-time, too. The control system controls rhoCD through $N_{rm //}$ (or directly dphi) in such a way to minimize difference between the real-time evaluated q profile and its reference profile. The real-time control system was applied to positive shear plasmas (), having plasma current of 0.6MA, toroidal field of 2.3T, and electron density of $0.5times 10^{19}{rm m}^{-3}$ . In order to keep good coupling of LH waves to the plasma, gap between the launcher and the plasma surface was controlled to about 0.1m. The reference q profile was set to q(0)=1.3. The real-time q profile approached to the reference after application of real-time control; the controlled q profile was sustained for 3s, which was limited by injected LH power. RF experiments in JT-60U, such as stabilization of neo-classical tearing modes, plasma startup experiments, etc., are also presented.