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Journal Articles

Origin of the spin Seebeck effect in compensated ferrimagnets

Gepr$"a$gs, S.*; Kehlberger, A.*; Coletta, F.*; Qiu, Z.*; Guo, E.-J.*; Schulz, T.*; Mix, C.*; Meyer, S.*; Kamra, A.*; Althammer, M.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 7, p.10452_1 - 10452_6, 2016/02

 Times Cited Count:137 Percentile:97.31(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Journal Articles

$$beta$$-decay half-lives of 110 neutron-rich nuclei across the $$N$$=82 shell gap; Implications for the mechanism and universality of the astrophysical $$r$$ process

Lorusso, G.*; Nishimura, Shunji*; Xu, Z. Y.*; Jungclaus, A.*; Shimizu, Y.*; Simpson, G. S.*; S$"o$derstr$"o$m, P.-A.*; Watanabe, H.*; Browne, F.*; Doornenbal, P.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 114(19), p.192501_1 - 192501_7, 2015/05

 Times Cited Count:149 Percentile:97.96(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Quantitative study of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic insulator/normal metal hybrids

Althammer, M.*; Meyer, S.*; Nakayama, Hiroyasu*; Schreier, M.*; Altmannshofer, S.*; Weiler, M.*; Huebl, H.*; Gepr$"a$gs, S.*; Opel, M.*; Gross, R.*; et al.

Physical Review B, 87(22), p.224401_1 - 224401_15, 2013/06

 Times Cited Count:399 Percentile:99.41(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

We experimentally investigate and quantitatively analyze the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) effect in ferromagnetic insulator (FI)/Pt and FI/nonmagnetic metal/Pt hybrid structures. For the FI, we use either YIG, nickel ferrite, or magnetite and for the nonmagnet, Cu or Au. The SMR is theoretically ascribed to the combined action of spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effect in the Pt top layer. It therefore should characteristically depend upon the orientation of the magnetization in the adjacent ferromagnet and prevail even if an additional, nonmagnetic metal layer is inserted between Pt and the ferromagnet. Our experimental data corroborate these theoretical conjectures. Using the SMR theory to analyze our data, we extract the spin Hall angle and the spin diffusion length in Pt. For a spin-mixing conductance of $$4times 10^{14}Omega^{-1}$$m$$^{-2}$$, we obtain a spin Hall angle of 0.11 $$pm$$ 0.08 and a spin diffusion length of (1.5 $$pm$$ 0.5) nm for Pt in our samples.

Journal Articles

Bacterial production of organic acids enhances H$$_{2}$$O$$_{2}$$-dependent iodide oxidation

Li, H.-P.*; Yeager, C. M.*; Brinkmeyer, R.*; Zhang, S.*; Ho, Y.-F.*; Xu, C.*; Jones, W. L.*; Schwehr, K. A.*; Otosaka, Shigeyoshi; Roberts, K. A.*; et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, 46(9), p.4837 - 4844, 2012/03

 Times Cited Count:49 Percentile:76.82(Engineering, Environmental)

In order to develop an understanding of the role that microorganisms play in the transport of $$^{129}$$I in soil-water systems, naturally occurring bacteria isolated from the F-area subsurface of the Savannah River Site (SRS) were assessed for iodide oxidizing activity. Spent liquid medium from a number of SRS bacterial cultures enhanced iodide oxidation 2-10 fold in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H$$_{2}$$O$$_{2}$$). From a time-series measurements of peroxidase activities and organic acid concentrations, it was hypothesized that microbial organic acid exudate promoted iodide oxidation via following mechanisms; (1) organic acids interact with H$$_{2}$$O$$_{2}$$ to form strong iodide oxidizing agents, peroxy carboxylic acids, and (2) organic acid secretion led to enhanced rates of H$$_{2}$$O$$_{2}$$-dependent iodide oxidation by lowering the pH of the culture medium.

Journal Articles

Sequestration and remobilization of radioiodine ($$^{129}$$I) by soil organic matter and possible consequences of the remedial action at Savannah River Site

Xu, C.*; Miller, E. J.*; Zhang, S.*; Li, H.-P.*; Ho, Y.-F.*; Schwehr, K. A.*; Kaplan, D. I.*; Otosaka, Shigeyoshi; Roberts, K. A.*; Brinkmeyer, R.*; et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, 45(23), p.9975 - 9983, 2011/12

 Times Cited Count:63 Percentile:83.36(Engineering, Environmental)

In order to investigate accumulation process of iodine-129 ($$^{129}$$I) in a contaminated F-Area groundwater plume of the US Savannah River Site, soil resuspension experiments simulating surface runoff and erosion events were conducted. Results showed that 72$$sim$$77% of the newly-introduced iodide was irreversibly sequestered into the organic-rich soil, while the rest was transformed into colloidal and dissolved organo-iodine by the soil. Laboratory iodination of the soil indicated a preferential incorporation of inorganic iodine into soil organic matter (SOM) at acidic pH (3$$sim$$4), except for the iodination catalyzed by lactoperoxidase, which favors more alkaline conditions. From this result, we concluded that under very acidic conditions, abiotic iodination of SOM was predominant, while under less acidic conditions (pH $$geq$$5), microbial enzymatically-assisted iodination took over.

Journal Articles

Is soil natural organic matter a sink or source for mobile radioiodine ($$^{129}$$I) at the Savannah River Site?

Xu, C.*; Zhang, S.*; Ho, Y.-F.*; Miller, E. J.*; Roberts, K. A.*; Li, H.-P.*; Schwehr, K. A.*; Otosaka, Shigeyoshi; Kaplan, D. I.*; Brinkmeyer, R.*; et al.

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(19), p.5716 - 5735, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:61 Percentile:83.45(Geochemistry & Geophysics)

In order to understand the effect of soil organic matter (SOM) on the mobility of iodine in the vicinity of the F-area seepage basin at the U.S. Department Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), relationships between radioiodine/iodine concentration and properties of SOM (e.g., degree of humification, aromaticity, and molecular weight) were examined. Analyses were carried out for four sequential extracts of SOM (freshwater, alkaline, glycerol, and citric-alkaline solutions). Iodine in SOM was selectively bound to a small-size aromatic subunit (less than 10 kDa), and majority of water soluble $$^{129}$$I was associated with a low molecular weight amphiphilic organic carrier (13.5-15 kDa). From these results, it was suggested that (1) SOM behaved as a sink as well as a source for iodine at the SRS, and (2) the function of SOM varies with groundwater chemistry.

Journal Articles

Factors controlling mobility of $$^{127}$$I and $$^{129}$$I species in an acidic groundwater plume at the Savannah River Site

Otosaka, Shigeyoshi; Schwehr, K. A.*; Kaplan, D. I.*; Roberts, K. A.*; Zhang, S.*; Xu, C.*; Li, H.-P.*; Ho, Y.-F.*; Brinkmeyer, R.*; Yeager, C. M.*; et al.

Science of the Total Environment, 409(19), p.3857 - 3865, 2011/09

 Times Cited Count:60 Percentile:82.26(Environmental Sciences)

Spatial distributions of concentrations and speciation of radioiodine ($$^{129}$$I) and stable iodine ($$^{127}$$I) in groundwater in the vicinity of the F-area seepage basin at the U.S. Department Energy of Savannah River Site were investigated. $$^{129}$$I concentration in groundwater was 8.6 Bq/L immediately downstream of the seepage basin (well FSB-95DR), and decreased with distance from the infiltration basin. $$^{127}$$I concentration decreased similarly to that of $$^{129}$$I. Although there was no potential $$^{127}$$I source in wastes in the basin, $$^{127}$$I also showed a similar gradient to that of $$^{129}$$I. High concentrations of $$^{127}$$I or $$^{127}$$I were not detected in groundwater collected from wells located outside of the mixed waste plume of this area. The high iodide concentrations in groundwater near the basin were presumed to be caused by dissolution of iodide from soil due to gradually increasing of pH values in the last decade.

Journal Articles

Trends in stimulated Brillouin scattering and optical phase conjugation

Ostermeyer, M.*; Kong, H.-J.*; Kovalev, V. I.*; Harrison, R. G.*; Fotiadi, A. A.*; M$'e$gret, P.*; Kalal, M.*; Slezak, O.*; Yoon, J. W.*; Shin, J. S.*; et al.

Laser and Particle Beams, 26(3), p.297 - 362, 2008/09

 Times Cited Count:41 Percentile:55.6(Physics, Applied)

Journal Articles

Edge pedestal physics and its implications for ITER

Kamada, Yutaka; Leonard, A. W.*; Bateman, G.*; Becoulet, M.*; Chang, C. S.*; Eich, T.*; Evans, T. E.*; Groebner, R. J.*; Guzdar, P. N.*; Horton, L. D.*; et al.

Proceedings of 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2006) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2007/03

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Computational infrastructure for nuclear astrophysics

Smith, M. S.*; Lingerfelt, E. J.*; Scott, J. P.*; Nesaraja, C. D.*; Hix, W. R.*; Chae, K.*; Koura, Hiroyuki; Meyer, R. A.*; Bardayan, D. W.*; Blackmon, J. C.*; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 847, p.470 - 472, 2006/07

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Flux dependence of carbon erosion and implication for ITER

Roth, J.*; Kirschner, A.*; Bohmeyer, W.*; Brezinsek, S.*; Cambe, A.*; Casarotto, E.*; Doerner, R.*; Gauthier, E.*; Federici, G.*; Higashijima, Satoru; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 337-339, p.970 - 974, 2005/03

 Times Cited Count:96 Percentile:98.59(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

In the frame work of the EU Task Force on Plasma-Wall Interaction and the International Tokamak Physics Activity an attempt was made to establish a possible dependence of the chemical erosion yield of carbon on the ion flux, $$Phi$$, involving ion beam experiments, plasma simulators, and fusion devices. After data normalization a fit using Bayesian probability analysis was performed yielding a decrease of the erosion yield with $$Phi$$$$^{-0.54}$$ at high ion fluxes. With this dependence on ion flux a comprehensive description is available for chemical erosion as function of energy, temperature and ion flux. Using this dependence the erosion and redeposition of carbon in the ITER divertor can be calculated using the ERO code and the steady-state plasma scenario given by the ITER team. The resulting gross and net erosion rates are compared to previous estimates using a constant erosion yield of 1.5%. The use of the complete parameter dependence results in an order of magnitude lower erosion, most strongly determined by the temperature dependence and the reduction at the highest fluxes.

Journal Articles

Flux dependence of carbon chemical erosion by deuterium ions

Roth, J.*; Preuss, R.*; Bohmeyer, W.*; Brezinsek, S.*; Cambe, A.*; Casarotto, E.*; Doerner, R.*; Gauthier, E.*; Federici, G.*; Higashijima, Satoru; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 44(11), p.L21 - L25, 2004/11

 Times Cited Count:94 Percentile:91.38(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Chemical erosion of carbon has been studied in ion beam experiments, and the yield values are available as a function of ion energy and surface temperature. ITER divertor condition, however, cannot be simulated by ion beam. For extrapolating to ITER, the erosion must be investigated in plasma simulators and in SOL or divertors of present fusion devices. In the past, erosion values were reported, but the values showed a wide scatter as a function of ion flux, $$Phi$$. Therefore, a joint attempt was made through the EU Task Force on Plasma-Wall Interaction and the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) to clarify the flux dependence. For each data point the local plasma conditions were normalized to impact energy of 30 eV, the data were selected for a surface temperature close to the maximum yield or to room temperature, and the diagnostic was calibrated in-situ. Through this procedure, the previous large scatter could be drastically reduced. A fit using Bayesian probability analysis was performed yielding a decrease of the erosion yield with $$Phi$$$$^{-0.54}$$ at high ion fluxes.

JAEA Reports

The VRdose software system; User manual, report and design documentation for R5

Johnsen, T.*; Meyer, G.*; Edvardsen, S. T.*; Rindahl, G.*; Sebok, A. L.*; Sivertsen, E. R.*

JNC TJ3440 2004-014, 169 Pages, 2004/03

JNC-TJ3440-2004-014.pdf:20.38MB

In the VRdose R5 version the connection with the dynamic radiation evaluation system (DRES) was the main task. DRES can calculate the dose rate field of the Fugen plant in detail. By inserting special markers into the scenario, VRdose tells DRES what changes have been made to the model. The changes are about objects that are inserted, removed, cut or moved. DRES will then calculate new dose rate fields reflecting these changes. VRdose uses the new dose rate fields in the dose calculation of the workers in the scenario. The dose rate fields are switched automatically as VRdose plays the scenario and in the dose calculation. To minimize the calculation needed for DRES, VRdose can provide a volume enclosing only the area of interest for a given scenario and give the resolution of the calculation in all axes. In addition to the DRES connection, version R5 retrieves information about the objects in the model from the Fugen object database. Among the large amount of information available, are size, weight and surface contamination of Co-60 used. The wizard uses the size and weight information in the calculation of the man-work required. The surface contamination is used in a new feature that colorizes the objects after the contamination value. This makes it easier for workers to become aware of the contamination of pipes and pumps etc. R5 has been internationalized on all menus, buttons, messages and other text. VRdose can therefore be translated into any desired language. A feasibility study has been made into using Japanese characters in names and properties in the scenario. The manikins wear different protection masks and in version R5 the efficiency of the protection can be changed for each nuclide. Several other minor changes have been made, such as the ability to switch between extern dose and nuclide intake in the dose graph panels.

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