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Journal Articles

The ICRU proposal for new operational quantities for external radiation

Otto, T.*; Hertel, N. E.*; Bartlett, D. T.*; Behrens, R.*; Bordy, J.-M.*; Dietze, G.*; Endo, Akira; Gualdrini, G.*; Pelliccioni, M.*

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 180(1-4), p.10 - 16, 2018/08

 Times Cited Count:18 Percentile:89.49(Environmental Sciences)

Report Committee 26 of the ICRU proposes a set of operational quantities for radiation protection for external radiation, directly based on effective dose and for an extended range of particles and energies. It is accompanied by new quantities for estimating deterministic effects to the eye lens and the local skin. The operational quantities are designed to overcome the conceptual and technical shortcomings of those presently in use. This paper describes the proposed operational quantities, and highlights the improvements with respect to the present legal monitoring quantities.

Journal Articles

Overview of the ICRP/ICRU adult reference computational phantoms and dose conversion coefficients for external idealised exposures

Endo, Akira; Petoussi-Henss, N.*; Zankl, M.*; Bolch, W. E.*; Eckerman, K. F.*; Hertel, N. E.*; Hunt, J. G.*; Pelliccioni, M.*; Schlattl, H.*; Menzel, H.-G.*

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 161(1-4), p.11 - 16, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:16.53(Environmental Sciences)

In 2007, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) revised its fundamental recommendations on radiation protection in ICRP Publication 103 (ICRP103). The recommendations updated the radiation and tissue weighting factors in the radiological protection quantities, equivalent and effective doses, and adopted reference computational phantoms for the calculation of organ doses. These revisions required calculations of conversion coefficients for the protection quantities. The sets of conversion coefficients for external exposures were compiled by the Task Group DOCAL of ICRP, and published in ICRP116. The presentation reviews the conversion coefficients for external radiations calculated using the reference computational phantoms. The conversion coefficients are compared with the existing values given in ICRP74. Contributing factors for any differences between these sets of conversion coefficients as well as the impact for radiation monitoring practice are discussed.

Journal Articles

ICRP Publication 116; The First ICRP/ICRU application of the male and female adult reference computational phantoms

Petoussi-Henss, N.*; Bolch, W. E.*; Eckerman, K. F.*; Endo, Akira; Hertel, N.*; Hunt, J.*; Menzel, H. G.*; Pelliccioni, M.*; Schlattl, H.*; Zankl, M.*

Physics in Medicine & Biology, 59(18), p.5209 - 5224, 2014/09

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:40.21(Engineering, Biomedical)

ICRP Publication 116 (ICRP116) on "Conversion Coefficients for Radiological Protection Quantities for External Radiation Exposures", provides fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients for organ absorbed doses and effective dose for external exposures. ICRP116 supersedes the ICRP74, expanding also the particle types and energy ranges considered. The coefficients were calculated using the ICRP/ICRU computational phantoms representing the Reference Adult Male and Reference Adult Female, together with Monte Carlo codes simulating the radiation transport in the body. Idealised whole-body irradiation from unidirectional and rotational parallel beams as well as isotropic irradiation was considered. Comparison of the effective doses with operational quantities revealed that the latter quantities continue to provide a good approximation of effective dose for photons, neutrons and electrons for the conventional energy ranges considered previously, but not at the higher energies of ICRP116.

Oral presentation

ICRU review of operational quantities for external radiation exposure; Options for a modified system

Bartlett, D.*; Hertel, N.*; Dietze, G.*; Bordy, J.-M.*; Endo, Akira; Gualdrini, G.*; Pelliccioni, M.*; Ambrosi, P.*; Otto, T.*; Siebert, B.*; et al.

no journal, , 

The routine assessment of radiation exposure is in terms of the protection quantities effective dose and equivalent dose in organs or tissues. These quantities are not measurable. For practical applications in radiological protection operational quantities have been defined for external radiation, which are used for the assessment of values of protection quantities. The present system of operational dose quantities for area and personal monitoring has been defined by ICRU, and has been in use for more than 20 years. Special attention has been paid to some inconsistencies in the application of these quantities, in particular for high-energy radiation fields. An ICRU Committee is reviewing the operational dose quantities for external radiation. Various options to the definitions of the operational quantities and their application are being considered. The presentation analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the options for a recommendation.

Oral presentation

ICRU review of operational quantities for external radiation exposure; Time for a change ?

Bartlett, D.*; Dietze, G.*; Hertel, N.*; Bordy, J.-M.*; Endo, Akira; Gualdrini, G.*; Pelliccioni, M.*; Ambrosi, P.*; Siebert, B.*; Veinot, K.*

no journal, , 

The routine assessment of radiation exposure is in terms of the protection quantities effective dose and equivalent dose in organs or tissues. These quantities are not measurable. For practical applications in radiological protection operational quantities have been defined for external radiation, which are used for the assessment of values of protection quantities. The present system of operational dose quantities for area and personal monitoring has been defined by ICRU, and has been in use for more than 20 years. Special attention has been paid to some inconsistencies in the application of these quantities, in particular for high-energy radiation fields. An ICRU Committee is reviewing the operational dose quantities for external radiation. Various options to the definitions of the operational quantities and their application are being considered. The presentation analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the options for a recommendation.

Oral presentation

ICRU review of operational quantities for external radiation exposure; Time for a change ?

Bartlett, D.*; Dietze, G.*; Hertel, N.*; Bordy, J.-M.*; Endo, Akira; Gualdrini, G.*; Pelliccioni, M.*; Ambrosi, P.*; Siebert, B.*; Veinot, K.*; et al.

no journal, , 

The ICRU operational quantities for area and personal monitoring have been in use for more than 20 years and are currently under review by an ICRU committee. Special attention has been given to inconsistencies in the application of these quantities and the relationship of the existing operational quantities to the newly released ICRP116 conversion coefficients for equivalent dose and effective dose. Previously reference values of these quantities were computed using the kerma approximation for photons and neutrons incident on the ICRU phantom. The kerma approximation is not applicable when the range of secondary charged particles in the phantom is greater than the depth at which the absorbed dose is being computed. Various options in the definitions of the operational quantities and their application are being considered. The current status of the report will be presented in light of the special consideration that is required to minimize the impact on radiation monitoring practice.

Oral presentation

ICRU Committee proposal on operational quantities for external radiation exposure

Hertel, N. E.*; Bartlett, D. T.*; Dietze, G.*; Bordy, J.-M.*; Endo, Akira; Gualdrini, G.*; Pelliccioni, M.*; Ambrosi, P.*; Siebert, B. R. L.*; Veinot, K.*; et al.

no journal, , 

The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) defines a set of operational quantities for use in radiation measurements that provides assessment of the protection quantities recommended by International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP). The ICRU operational quantities in current use was defined about 30 years ago. ICRU Report Committee 26 has examined the rationale for operational quantities taking into account the changes in the definitions of the protection quantities and the changes in the fields of application of the operational quantities and protection quantities. The considerations have included the range of types and energies of particles contributing to doses to workers and members of the public. The relationship of the existing recommended operational quantities to the protection quantities has been investigated, as has the impact of changes in routine measurement practice, including instrument design and calibration. The committee has proposed a set of operational quantities which differs from the previous quantities. The major change in the proposed set of quantities is the redefinition of the operational quantities for area monitoring from doses computed at a depth in the ICRU sphere to ones based on particle fluence and the relationship to the protection quantities, effective dose, and equivalent dose to the lens of the eye, and local skin.

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