Structural and compositional characteristics of Fukushima release particulate material from Units 1 and 3 elucidates release mechanisms, accident chronology and future decommissioning strategy

Martin, P. G.*; Jones, C. P.*; Bartlett, S.*; Ignatyev, K.*; Megson-Smith, D.*; Satou, Yukihiko; Cipiccia, S.*; Batey, D. J.*; Rau, C.*; Sueki, Keisuke*; et al.

Scientific Reports (Internet), 10, p.22056_1 - 22056_17, 2020/12

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79169-2

Provenance of uranium particulate contained within Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 ejecta material

Martin, P. G.*; Louvel, M.*; Cipiccia, S.*; Jones, C. P.*; Batey, D. J.*; Hallam, K. R.*; Yang, I. A. X.*; Satou, Yukihiko; Rau, C.*; Mosselmans, J. F. W.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 10, p.2801_1 - 2801_7, 2019/06

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10937-z

Synchrotron radiation (SR) analysis techniques alongside secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements have been made on sub-mm particulate material derived from reactor Unit 1 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). Using these methods, it has been possible to investigate the distribution, state and isotopic composition of micron-scale U particulate contained within the larger Si-based ejecta material. Through combined SR micro-focused X-ray fluorescence (SR-micro-XRF) and absorption contrast SR micro-focused X-ray tomography (SR-micro-XRT), the U particulate was found to be located around the exterior circumference of the highly-porous particle. Synchrotron radiation micro-focused X-ray absorption near edge structure (SR-micro-XANES) analysis of a number of these entrapped particles revealed them to exist within the U(IV) oxidation state, as UO, and identical in structure to reactor fuel. Confirmation that this U was of nuclear origin (U-enriched) was provided through secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis with an isotopic enrichment ratio characteristic of a provenance from reactor Unit 1 at the FDNPP. These results provide clear evidence of the event scenario (that a degree of core fragmentation and release occurred from reactor Unit 1), with such spent fuel ejecta existing; (i) within the stable U(IV) oxidation state; and (ii) contained within a bulk Si-based particle. While this U is unlikely to represent an environmental or health hazard, such assertions would likely change, however, should break-up of the Si-containing bulk particle occur. However, more important to the long-term decommissioning of the reactors (and clean-up) on the FDNPP, is the knowledge that core integrity of reactor Unit 1 was compromised with nuclear material existing outside of the reactors primary containment.

Instrumentation for diagnostics and control of laser-accelerated proton (ion) beams

Bolton, P.; Borghesi, M.*; Brenner, C.*; Carroll, D. C.*; De Martinis, C.*; Fiorini, F.*; Flacco, A.*; Floquet, V.*; Fuchs, J.*; Gallegos, P.*; et al.

Physica Medica; European Journal of Medical Physics, 30(3), p.255 - 270, 2014/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.09.002

Fluid moments in the reduced model for plasmas with large flow velocity

Miyato, Naoaki; Scott, B. D.*

Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 6, p.1403147_1 - 1403147_11, 2011/12

https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.6.1403147

Effects of strong EB flow on gyrokinetics

Miyato, Naoaki; Scott, B. D.*; Tokuda, Shinji*; Yagi, Masatoshi

Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2011/03

http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/FEC/FEC2010/html/node337.htm#69875

Based on the phase space Lagrangian Lie-transform perturbation method and the field theory, a reduced kinetic model with large EB flow beyond the standard ordering () is constructed by modifying the guiding-centre phase space trans-formation. The model can be regarded as a natural extension of the standard model without flow since the symplectic part of the Lagrangian is the same as the standard one formally. Some aspects of the model are revealed and effects of the flow are discussed in course of comparison with the standard model. The push-forward representation of general particle fluid moment is presented in the subsonic flow case. In sonic flow case, corrections to the reduced quasi-neutrality condition due to the EB flow are found by variational derivation of the push-forward representation of particle density.

Global nonlinear electromagnetic simulations of tokamak turbulence

Bottino, A.*; Scott, B. D.*; Brunner, S.*; McMillan, B. F.*; Tran, T. M.*; Vernay, T.*; Villard, L.*; Jolliet, S.; Hatzky, R.*; Peeters, A. G.*

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 38(9), p.2129 - 2135, 2010/09

https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2010.2055583

Modification on the gyrokinetic quasi-neutrality condition due to large flow

Miyato, Naoaki; Scott, B. D.*

Proceedings of 37th European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics (EPS 2010) (CD-ROM), 4 Pages, 2010/06

http://ocs.ciemat.es/EPS2010PAP/pdf/P1.1070.pdf

Reduced kinetic models such as gyrokinetic models are constructed by phase space transformation from particle phase space to guiding-centre phase space. In the reduced quasi-neutrality condition or the Poisson equation for electrostatic potential, particle density should be represented in terms of guiding-centre things. It is called push-forward representation of particle density. Recently a reduced kinetic model with large flow was derived by modifying the standard guiding-centre transformation. The model can be regarded as a natural extension of the standard model to the large flow regime because the symplectic part in the guiding-centre phase space Lagrangian is the same as the standard one formally. The push-forward representation of particle density or the reduced quasi-neutrality condition in the transonic case is derived by the variational method. It is found that corrections due to the flow appear in the polarisation density.

Spectroscopy of Rf

Qian, J.*; Heinz, A.*; Khoo, T. L.*; Janssens, R. V. F.*; Peterson, D.*; Seweryniak, D.*; Ahmad, I.*; Asai, Masato; Back, B. B.*; Carpenter, M. P.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 79(6), p.064319_1 - 064319_13, 2009/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.064319

-, -, and conversion electron spectroscopy experiments for Rf have been performed using Fragment Mass Analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory. A new isomer with a half-life of 160 s has been discovered in Rf, and it is interpreted as a three-quasiparticle high- isomer. Neutron configurations of one-quasiparticle states in No, the -decay daughter of Rf, have been assigned on the basis of -decay hindrance factors. Excitation energies of the 1/2[620] states in =151 isotones indicate that the deformed shell gap at =152 increases with the atomic number.

A Kinetic model with strong EB flow

Miyato, Naoaki; Scott, B. D.*; Strintzi, D.*; Tokuda, Shinji

no journal, , 

We derive a modified guiding-centre fundamental 1-form with strong EB flow whose symplectic part does not include the flow term or time dependence. Since the symplectic part of the derived 1-form is the same as the standard one without the strong flow formally, it yields the standard Lagrange and Poisson brackets. Therefore the guiding-centre Hamilton equations keep their general form even when temporal evolution of the EB flow is allowed. On the other hand, the guiding-centre Hamiltonian is more complicated than the conventional one. However it is possible to simplify the Hamiltonian in well localised transport barrier regions like the tokamak H-mode edge and internal transport barriers in reversed shear tokamaks. The guiding-centre Vlasov and Poisson equations are derived from the variational principle. The conserved energy of the system is obtained by the Noether's method.

Fluid moments in a reduced model with large flow

Miyato, Naoaki; Scott, B. D.*

no journal, , 

Reduced models such as the gyrokinetic model are constructed by the phase space transformation from the particle phase space to the guiding-centre phase space which separates the fast gyro-motion of a particle from the other dynamics. We clarify the relation between usual particle fluid moments and fluid moments in a reduced model with large flow which we have constructed recently and compare it with the standard gyrokinetic case. In particular, we discuss the push-forward representation of particle density or the reduced quasi-neutrality condition.