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Journal Articles

Irradiation response in weldment and HIP joint of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel, F82H

Hirose, Takanori; Sokolov, M. A.*; Ando, Masami; Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Shiba, Kiyoyuki; Stoller, R. E.*; Odette, G. R.*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 442(1-3), p.S557 - S561, 2013/11

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:57.76(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Irradiation hardening in F82H irradiated at 573 K in the HFIR

Hirose, Takanori; Okubo, Nariaki; Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Ando, Masami; Sokolov, M. A.*; Stoller, R. E.*; Odette, G. R.*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 417(1-3), p.108 - 111, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:16 Percentile:78.97(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

This paper summarizes recent results of the irradiation experiments focused on F82H and its modified steels irradiated at 573 K. The materials used in this research were F82H-IEA and its modified steels. Post irradiation mechanical tests revealed that irradiation hardening of F82H is saturated by 9 dpa and the as-irradiated proof stress is less than 1 GPa. The deterioration of total elongation was also saturated by 9 dpa. Irradiation response of F82H-mod3, which is stable to temperature instability during material production and HIP treatment, was very similar to that of F82H-IEA, and negative impacts of extra tantalum was not observed. Therefore it can be an attractive option for the structural materials for blanket components manufactured by HIP.

Journal Articles

Heat treatment effect on fracture toughness of F82H irradiated at HFIR

Okubo, Nariaki; Sokolov, M. A.*; Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Hirose, Takanori; Jitsukawa, Shiro; Sawai, Tomotsugu; Odette, G. R.*; Stoller, R. E.*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 417(1-3), p.112 - 114, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:61.04(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Irradiation hardening and fracture toughness of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steel F82H after irradiation were investigated with a focus on changing the fracture toughness transition temperature as a result of several heat treatments. The specimens were standard F82H-IEA (IEA), F82H-IEA with several heat treatments (Mod1 series) and a higher tantalum containing (0.1%) heat of F82H (Mod3). The specimens were irradiated up to 18 dpa at 300 $$^{circ}$$C in High Flux Isotope Reactor under a collaborative research program between JAEA/US-DOE. The results of hardness tests showed that irradiation hardening of IEA was comparable with that of Mod3. However, the fracture toughness transition temperature of Mod3 was lower than that of IEA. The transition temperature of Mod1 was also lower than that of the IEA heat. These results suggest that tightening of specifications on the heat treatment condition and modification of the minor alloying elements seem to be effective to reduce the fracture toughness transition temperature after irradiation.

Journal Articles

Status and key issues of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels as the structural material for a DEMO blanket

Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Shiba, Kiyoyuki; M$"o$slang, A.*; Stoller, R. E.*; Lindau, R.*; Sokolov, M. A.*; Odette, G. R.*; Kurtz, R. J.*; Jitsukawa, Shiro

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 417(1-3), p.9 - 15, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:127 Percentile:99.57(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

ITER construction was started, and R&D toward DEMO shifted to more practical stage. On this stage, the candidate material for DEMO blanket have to be the one which have sound engineering bases to be ready for engineering designing activity for DEMO reactor in 10 years. Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels, such as F82H (Fe-8Cr-2W-0.2V-0.04Ta) or EUROFER97 (Fe-9Cr-1W-0.2V- 0.12Ta), is the only material which currently have enough potential to meet this requirement, and selected as the target material in the R&D on materials engineering for DEMO blanket under the International Fusion Energy Research Centre (IFERC) project in the Broader Approach (BA) activities between EU and Japan. In this paper, current status of RAFM R&D is overviewed especially on fabrication technology, inspection/testing technology, and material database. Overview on irradiation effect study is also provided.

Journal Articles

Effect of Ta rich inclusions and microstructure change during precracking on bimodal fracture of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels observed in transition range

Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Sokolov, M. A.*; Sawahata, Atsushi*; Hashimoto, Naoyuki*; Ando, Masami; Shiba, Kiyoyuki; Enomoto, Masato*; Klueh, R. L.*

Journal of ASTM International (Internet), 6(5), 10 Pages, 2009/05

The master curve (MC) method works when the transition fracture toughness values follow the MC, and once the value is scaled properly, the MC is usually independent of the type of steel or the type of test specimen. This method is very much depending on the assumption that the fracture initiation points are homogeneously distributed and its initiation mechanism is independent on test temperature. The reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFs), such as F82H (Fe-8Cr-2W-0.2V-0.04Ta), has Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ Ta(V,Ti)O composite inclusions, or simple Ta(V)O inclusions, and shows inhomogeneous distribution, and it was revealed that that RAFs which contain Ta could initiate the facture in the different mechanism at lower temperature as the composite inclusions become fragile, and this should be considered when the toughness measured with small size toughness specimen which is usually tested at lower temperature.

Journal Articles

Hardening mechanisms of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels irradiated at 300 $$^{circ}$$C

Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Klueh, R. L.*; Hashimoto, Naoyuki*; Sokolov, M. A.*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 386-388, p.231 - 235, 2009/04

 Times Cited Count:28 Percentile:88.04(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

It has been reported that reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFMs) showed a variety of changes in ductile-brittle transition temperature and yield stress after irradiation at 573 K up to 5 dpa, and those differences could not be interpreted solely by the difference of dislocation microstructure induced by irradiation. To investigate the impact of other microstructural feature, i.e. precipitates, the precipitation behavior of F82H, ORNL 9Cr-2WVTa, and JLF-1 was examined. It was revealed that irradiation-induced precipitation and amorphization of precipitates partly occurred and caused the different precipitation on block, packet and prior austenitic grain boundaries. In addition to these phenomena, irradiation-induced nano-size precipitates were also observed in the matrix. It was also revealed that the chemical compositions of precipitates approached the calculated thermal equilibrium state of M$$_{23}$$C$$_{6}$$ at an irradiation temperature of 573 K. Over all, these observations suggests that the variety of embrittlement and hardening of RAFMs observed at 573 K irradiation up to 5 dpa might be the consequence of the transition phenomena that occur as the microstructure approaches thermal equilibrium during irradiation at 573 K.

Journal Articles

Technical issues of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels for fabrication of ITER test blanket modules

Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Hirose, Takanori; Shiba, Kiyoyuki; Kasada, Ryuta*; Wakai, Eiichi; Serizawa, Hisashi*; Kawahito, Yosuke*; Jitsukawa, Shiro; Kimura, Akihiko*; Kono, Yutaka*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 83(10-12), p.1471 - 1476, 2008/12

 Times Cited Count:78 Percentile:97.75(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFMs) are recognized as the primary candidate structural materials for fusion blanket systems. F82H, which were developed and studied in Japan, was designed with an emphasis on high temperature properties and weldability. The database on F82H properties is currently the most extensive available among the existing RAFMs. The objective of this paper is to review the R&D status of F82H and to identify the key technical issues for the fabrication of an ITER Test Blanket Module (TBM) suggested by recent achievements in Japan.

Journal Articles

Irradiation effects on precipitation and its impact on the mechanical properties of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels

Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Sakasegawa, Hideo; Hashimoto, Naoyuki*; Klueh, R. L.*; Ando, Masami; Sokolov, M. A.*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 367-370(1), p.42 - 47, 2007/08

 Times Cited Count:26 Percentile:84.21(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

It was previously reported that reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFs), such as F82H-IEA and its heat treatment variant, ORNL9Cr-2WVTa, JLF-1 and 2%Ni-doped F82H, showed a variety of changes in ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and yield stress after irradiation at 573K up to 5dpa. These differences could not be interpreted solely as an effect of irradiation hardening caused by dislocation loop formation. To address these observations, the precipitation behavior of the irradiated steels was examined by weight analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and chemical analysis on extraction residues. The results suggested that irradiation affects precipitation as if it was forced to reach the thermal equilibrium state at irradiation temperature 573K, which usually never be achieved by aging. The details of precipitates in the irradiated RAFs were examined to determine their impact on the mechanical properties, which obtained by tensile, Charpy impact, and bend bar toughness tests. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on thin films and extraction replica specimens to analyze the size distribution, chemical composition and crystal structure of precipitates. It turned out that the hardening level normalized by square root of average packet size showed a linear dependence on the increase of extracted precipitate weight. This dependence suggests that the difference in irradiation hardening between RAFs was caused by the different precipitation behavior on packet, block and prior austenitic grain boundaries during irradiation. The simple Hall-Petch law could be applicable to interpret this dependence. Detailed analytical results will be presented and their interpretation discussed.

Journal Articles

Effects of inclusions on fracture toughness of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic F82H-IEA steels

Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Sawahata, Atsushi; Sokolov, M. A.*; Enomoto, Masato*; Klueh, R. L.*; Koyama, Akira*

Materials Transactions, 48(3), p.570 - 573, 2007/03

 Times Cited Count:22 Percentile:72.07(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

The effects of microstructural inhomogeneity of F82H-IEA was investigated focusing on inclusion. It turned out that Ta does not form MX precipitates, but it forms complex Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$;Ta(V,Ti)O inclusions, or simple Ta(V)O inclusions. The complex inclusions are rather dominant in the plate obtained from the bottom of the ingot, but not in the plate from the middle of the ingot. SEM observations also revealed that broken complex inclusions tended to be observed at the crack-initiation site. These results suggest that the scatter of toughness values is correlated with this microstructural inhomogeneity, as the MC method assumes the material has a homogeneous microstructure.

Journal Articles

Microstructure property analysis of HFIR-irradiated reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels

Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Hashimoto, Naoyuki*; Sakasegawa, Hideo*; Klueh, R. L.*; Sokolov, M. A.*; Shiba, Kiyoyuki; Jitsukawa, Shiro; Koyama, Akira*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 329-333(1), p.283 - 288, 2004/08

 Times Cited Count:18 Percentile:75.31(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFs) were developed as candidate structural materials for fusion power plants. In a previous study, it was reported that ORNL9Cr-2WVTa and JLF-1 (Fe-9Cr-2W-V-Ta-N) steels showed smaller ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) shifts compared to IEA modified F82H (Fe-8Cr-2W-V-Ta) after neutron irradiation up to 5 dpa at 573K. This difference in DBTT shift could not be interpreted as an effect of irradiation hardening, and it is also hard to be convinced that this difference was simply due to a Cr concentration difference. To clarify the mechanisms of the difference in Charpy impact property between these steels, various microstructure analyses were performed.

Journal Articles

On the effects of fatigue precracking on the microstructure around precrack in 1TCT fracture toughness specimen of F82H-IEA

Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Hashimoto, Naoyuki*; Sokolov, M. A.*; Klueh, R. L.*; Ando, Masami

Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report for the Period Ending (DOE/ER-0313/35), p.58 - 60, 2004/04

1TCT fracture toughness specimens of F82H-IEA steel were fatigue precracked and sliced in specimen thickness wise for microstructure analysis around the precrack. The microstructure around the precrack was observed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM samples around the crack front were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) processor. The fracture surfaces of tested 1TCT specimens were also observed. OM observation showed that the precrack penetration was straight in the beginning, and then tended to follow a prior austenite grain boundary and to branch into 2 to 3 directions at the terminal. SEM and OIM observations revealed that the both microstructures around the precracks and ahead of the precrack had turned into cell structure, which is the typical microstructure of fatigue-loaded F82H. TEM images and inverse pole figures obtained from the crack-front region confirmed this structure change.

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