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Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Noguchi, Hiroki; Kamiji, Yu; Myagmarjav, O.; Kubo, Shinji
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(55), p.27891 - 27904, 2021/08
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：22.37(Chemistry, Physical)The thermochemical water-splitting iodine-sulfur (IS) process enables producing hydrogen. In a previous operation procedure, after the components of the unit operations were individually started, they were connected at the same time. However, it was challenging to stably interconnect the components. This study introduces a new loop operation, subdividing the process configuration into four sections before transferring the continuous operation. The proposed loop operation was validated analyzing the material and heat balances of each section. The calculated results showed that the material balances of respective loop sections were closed. The loop operation mode would transfer to the continuous operation by connect all sections. Regarding the switching of operation modes, the material and heat balance showed no or little difference, indicating that two operation modes could only be changed by switching the pipelines. Consequently, the loop sections could be individually operated to stabilize the IS process system, and the loop operation could be smoothly transferred to the continuous operation.
Myagmarjav, O.; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Nomura, Mikihiro*; Noguchi, Hiroki; Imai, Yoshiyuki; Kamiji, Yu; Kubo, Shinji; Takegami, Hiroaki
Progress in Nuclear Energy, 137, p.103772_1 - 103772_7, 2021/07
Times Cited Count：6 Percentile：72.21(Nuclear Science & Technology)Noguchi, Hiroki; Kamiji, Yu; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kasahara, Seiji; Myagmarjav, O.; Imai, Yoshiyuki; Kubo, Shinji
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(43), p.22328 - 22343, 2021/06
Times Cited Count：12 Percentile：59.85(Chemistry, Physical)An iodine-sulfur process offers the potential for mass producing hydrogen with high-efficiency, and it uses high-temperature heat sources, including HTGR, solar heat, and waste heat of industries. R&D tasks are essential to confirm the integrity of the components that are made of industrial materials and the stability of hydrogen production in harsh working conditions. A test facility for producing hydrogen was constructed from corrosion-resistant components made of industrial materials. For stable hydrogen production, technical issues for instrumental improvements (i.e., stable pumping of the HIx solution, improving the quality control of glass-lined steel, prevention of I
precipitation using a water removal technique in a Bunsen reactor) were solved. The entire process was successfully operated for 150 h at the rate of 30 L/h. The integrity of components and the operational stability of the hydrogen production facility in harsh working conditions were demonstrated.
Takeda, Tetsuaki*; Inagaki, Yoshiyuki; Aihara, Jun; Aoki, Takeshi; Fujiwara, Yusuke; Fukaya, Yuji; Goto, Minoru; Ho, H. Q.; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Imai, Yoshiyuki; et al.
High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors; JSME Series in Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, Vol.5, 464 Pages, 2021/02
As a general overview of the research and development of a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) in JAEA, this book describes the achievements by the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) on the designs, key component technologies such as fuel, reactor internals, high temperature components, etc., and operational experience such as rise-to-power tests, high temperature operation at 950
C, safety demonstration tests, etc. In addition, based on the knowledge of the HTTR, the development of designs and component technologies such as high performance fuel, helium gas turbine and hydrogen production by IS process for commercial HTGRs are described. These results are very useful for the future development of HTGRs. This book is published as one of a series of technical books on fossil fuel and nuclear energy systems by the Power Energy Systems Division of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Noguchi, Hiroki; Kamiji, Yu; Takegami, Hiroaki; Kubo, Shinji
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(35), p.17557 - 17561, 2020/07
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：3.38(Chemistry, Physical)The thermochemical water-splitting iodine-sulfur (IS) process requires corrosion-resistant materials owing to usage of a mixture of HI-I-HO. Fluoropolymers, such as PTFE and PFA, are adaptable as lining materials for protecting plant components. However, there has been a concern: PTFE and PFA have the ability to permeate various permeants. From the viewpoint of corrosion, the permeation of HI and I should be evaluated to improve the integrity of the IS process. In this study, permeation tests on PTFE and PFA membranes were performed to measure the permeated fluxes of HI and I, and the effects of the operating conditions on them were investigated. The introduction of a permeability parameter could be successful for normalizing the permeated fluxes for a specific membrane thickness and a vapor pressure. Then, the empirical formula of the permeability was given as an Arrhenius-type equation to use as a plant design.
Kamiji, Yu; Noguchi, Hiroki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kasahara, Seiji; Kubo, Shinji
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 361, p.110573_1 - 110573_6, 2020/05
Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：66.68(Nuclear Science & Technology)JAEA has been conducting R&D on the thermochemical iodine-sulfur (IS) process for nuclear-powered hydrogen production. The IS process is one of the promising candidates of heat application of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. The glass-lined steel is one of the candidate materials which has both corrosion resistance and structural strength. This paper reveals technical matters to improve reliability of the glass-lined steel equipment. It found that the improved glass-lined steel showed soundness in the process environment from the results of stress analyses for the glass layer by FEM, tests for heat cycle, bending load and corrosion.
Takegami, Hiroaki; Noguchi, Hiroki; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kamiji, Yu; Kasahara, Seiji; Imai, Yoshiyuki; Terada, Atsuhiko; Kubo, Shinji
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 360, p.110498_1 - 110498_6, 2020/04
Times Cited Count：13 Percentile：86.19(Nuclear Science & Technology)Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting R&D on the thermochemical iodine-sulfur (IS) process for nuclear-powered hydrogen production. The IS process is one of the promising candidates of heat application of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. JAEA fabricated main chemical reactors made of industrial structural materials and confirmed their integrity in practical corrosive environments in the IS process. Based on the results of these confirmation tests, JAEA have constructed a 100 NL/h-H-scale test facility made of industrial structural materials. In this report, we succeeded in extending the hydrogen production time from 8 hours to 31 hours by developing a stable hydrogen iodide solution transfer technology in a continuous hydrogen production test. In addition, using the fracture test data of the ceramic specimen, an equation for estimating the strength of the ceramic component was developed.
Myagmarjav, O.; Iwatsuki, Jin; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Noguchi, Hiroki; Kamiji, Yu; Ioka, Ikuo; Kubo, Shinji; Nomura, Mikihiro*; Yamaki, Tetsuya*; Sawada, Shinichi*; et al.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(35), p.19141 - 19152, 2019/07
Times Cited Count：16 Percentile：49.6(Chemistry, Physical)Noguchi, Hiroki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Kamiji, Yu; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kasahara, Seiji; Kubo, Shinji
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(25), p.12583 - 12592, 2019/05
Times Cited Count：19 Percentile：55.95(Chemistry, Physical)JAEA has been conducting R&D on thermochemical water-splitting hydrogen production IS process to develop one of heat applications of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. A test facility was constructed using corrosion-resistant industrial materials to verify integrity of the IS process components and to demonstrate continuous and stable hydrogen production. The performance of components installed in each section was confirmed. Subsequently, a trial operation of integration of the processing sections was successfully carried out for 8 hours with hydrogen production rate of approximately 10 NL/h. After that, hydrogen production operation was extended to 31 hours (approximately hydrogen production rate of 20 NL/h) by introducing a corrosion-resistance pump system with a developed shaft seal technology.
Takegami, Hiroaki; Noguchi, Hiroki; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kamiji, Yu; Kasahara, Seiji; Imai, Yoshiyuki; Terada, Atsuhiko; Kubo, Shinji
Proceedings of 9th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology (HTR 2018) (USB Flash Drive), 7 Pages, 2018/10
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting R&D on the thermochemical iodine-sulfur (IS) process for nuclear-powered hydrogen production. The IS process is one of the promising candidates of heat application of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. JAEA fabricated main chemical reactors made of industrial structural materials and confirmed their integrity in practical corrosive environments in the IS process. Based on the results of these confirmation tests, JAEA have constructed a 100 NL/h-H-scale test facility made of industrial structural materials. This report will present an outline and results of hydrogen production tests and reliability improvements of operation stability and components, such as development of a strength estimation method for heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant ceramics components made of silicon carbide.
Kamiji, Yu; Noguchi, Hiroki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kasahara, Seiji; Kubo, Shinji
Proceedings of 9th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology (HTR 2018) (USB Flash Drive), 7 Pages, 2018/10
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting R&D on the thermochemical iodine-sulfur (IS) process for nuclear-powered hydrogen production. The IS process is one of the promising candidates of heat application of the HTGR. JAEA achieved continuous hydrogen production for one week with a hydrogen production rate of 30 NL/h by using a test apparatus made of glass and fluororesin material. Subsequently, JAEA fabricated main chemical reactors made of industrial materials and confirmed their integrity in corrosive environments in the IS process. Based on the results, JAEA has constructed a 100 NL/h-H-scale test facility made of industrial materials; one of the important materials is the glass-lined steel for corrosion resistant components such as vessels, pipes and protective sheaths of sensors. This report will present technical matters to improve reliability of the glass-lined protective sheaths of thermocouple. In addition, results of quality confirmation will be presented, which are stress analyses for the glass layer by FEM, tests for heat cycle, bending load and corrosion.
Kamiji, Yu; Onuki, Kaoru; Kubo, Shinji
Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS 2018) (USB Flash Drive), p.51 - 54, 2018/03
As one of the evaluation of corrosion resistance of structural materials for HI decomposition environment in the iodine-sulfur (IS) thermochemical water-splitting process, we fabricated a HI decomposer which produce practical corrosion environment for the corrosion test using test specimens and examined corrosion resistance of test specimens made of Hastelloy C-276. In the corrosion test, dry HI as the feed gas were used to realize practical environment with copresence of no steam. The experiments were carried out at 500C and atmospheric pressure for 100h in total. Corrosion rates were evaluated from the weight change of each specimen after exposure. Test specimens set in the catalyst layer suffered relatively severe corrosion (
0.75 mm/y) in comparison with those set before the catalyst layer ( 0.52 mm/y).
Noguchi, Hiroki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Kasahara, Seiji; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Kamiji, Yu; Iwatsuki, Jin; Aita, Hideki; Kubo, Shinji
Energy Procedia, 131, p.113 - 118, 2017/12
Times Cited Count：22 Percentile：99.79(Energy & Fuels)The IS process is the most deeply investigated thermochemical water-splitting hydrogen production cycle. It is in a process engineering stage in JAEA to use industrial materials for components. Important engineering tasks are verification of integrity of the total process and stability of hydrogen production in harsh environment. A test facility using corrosion-resistant materials was constructed. The hydrogen production ability was 100 L/h. Operation tests of each section were conducted to confirm basic functions of reactors and separators, etc. Then, a trial operation for integration of the sections was successfully conducted to produce hydrogen of about 10 L/h for 8 hours.
Kasahara, Seiji; Iwatsuki, Jin; Takegami, Hiroaki; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Noguchi, Hiroki; Kamiji, Yu; Onuki, Kaoru; Kubo, Shinji
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(19), p.13477 - 13485, 2017/05
Times Cited Count：52 Percentile：83.1(Chemistry, Physical)Current R&D on the thermochemical water splitting iodine-sulfur (IS) process in Japan Atomic Energy Agency is summarized. Reactors were fabricated with industrial materials and verified by test operations: a Bunsen reactor, a HSO decomposer, and a HI decomposer. Reactors of industrial materials showed corrosion stability. Demonstration of the test facility verified integrity of process components and stability of hydrogen production. An 8 hours continuous operation of the total IS process was performed in February 2016 with H production rate of 10 L/h.
SO
decomposition, HI distillation, and HI decomposition sectionNoguchi, Hiroki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Kamiji, Yu; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kasahara, Seiji; Kubo, Shinji
Proceedings of 8th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology (HTR 2016) (CD-ROM), p.1029 - 1038, 2016/11
JAEA has been conducting R&D on the IS process for nuclear-powered hydrogen production. We have constructed a 100 NL/h-H
-scale test apparatus made of industrial materials. At first, we investigated performance of components in this apparatus. In this paper, the test results of HSO
decomposition, HI distillation, and HI decomposition were shown. In the HSO section, O production rate is proportional to HSO feed rate and SO
decomposition ratio was estimated about 80%. In HI distillation section, we confirmed to acquire a concentrated HI solution over azeotropic HI composition in the condenser. In HI decomposition section, H could be produced stably by HI decomposer and decomposition ratio was about 18%. The HSO decomposer, the HI distillation column, and the HI decomposer were workable. Based on the results added to that shown in Series I, we conducted a trial continuous operation and succeeded it for 8 hours.
Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Noguchi, Hiroki; Kamiji, Yu; Iwatsuki, Jin; Aita, Hideki; Kasahara, Seiji; Kubo, Shinji
Proceedings of 8th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology (HTR 2016) (CD-ROM), p.1022 - 1028, 2016/11
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has manufactured 100 NL/h-H-scale hydrogen test apparatus. In advance to conduct the continuous operation, we investigated performance of the components in each section of the IS process. In this paper, the results of test of Bunsen and HI concentration sections was shown. In Bunsen reaction, section, we confirmed that outlet gas flow rate included no SO gas, indicating that all the feed SO gas was absorbed to the solution in the Bunsen reactor for the Bunsen reaction. On the basis of these results, we evaluated that Bunsen reactor was workable. In HI concentration section, HI concentration was conducted by EED stack. As a result, it can concentrate HI in HIx solution as theoretically predicted on the basis of the previous paper. Based on the results added to that shown in Series II, we have conducted a trial continuous operation and succeeded it for 8 hours.
Yan, X.; Sato, Hiroyuki; Kamiji, Yu; Imai, Yoshiyuki; Terada, Atsuhiko; Tachibana, Yukio; Kunitomi, Kazuhiko
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 306, p.215 - 220, 2016/09
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：36.53(Nuclear Science & Technology)The latest design upgrade has incorporated several major technological advances made in the past ten years to both reactor and balance of plant in GTHTR300. As described in this paper, these advances have enabled raising the design basis reactor core outlet temperature to 950C and increasing power generating efficiency by nearly 5% point. Further implementation of seawater desalination cogeneration is made through employing a newly-proposed multi-stage flash process. Through efficient waste heat recovery of the reactor gas turbine power conversion cycle, a large cost credit is obtained against the conventionally produced water prices. Together, the design upgrade and the cogeneration are shown to reduce the GTHTR300 cost of electricity to under 2.7 cent/kW h.
emission reduction goal in 2050Kamiji, Yu; Suzuki, Koichi*; Yan, X.
JAEA-Technology 2016-010, 24 Pages, 2016/07
JAEA-Technology-2016-010.pdf:1.05MB
Japanese government has set the goal of reducing CO emission by 26% in 2030 below the 2013 level, in longer term, by 80% below the 1990 level. To achieve the goals, various measures should be taken. The GTHTR300, a commercial High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) design being developed by JAEA offers spectrum of heat applications by using its high temperature heat up to 950C. The potential contribution of CO emission reduction by HTGR is estimated considering domestic and overseas deployment of the GTHTR300. The best estimate for domestic CO reduction is 2.07
10
ton- CO/yr and that from oversea is 2.2510 ton- CO/yr. The sum of these is about 47% of 9.1310 ton- CO/yr which is CO reduction target in 2050, for which deployment of 52 plants in Japan and 113 plants abroad, with each plant containing four 600 MWt reactor units, is required.
Kasahara, Seiji; Murata, Tetsuya*; Kamiji, Yu; Terada, Atsuhiko; Yan, X.; Inagaki, Yoshiyuki; Mori, Michitsugu*
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 3(3), p.15-00616_1 - 15-00616_16, 2016/06
A district heating system for household heating and road snow melting utilizing waste heat from GTHTR300, a heat-electricity cogeneration design of high temperature gas-cooled reactor, was analyzed. The application area was Sapporo and Ishikari, cities with heavy snowfall in northern Japan. The heat transport analyses were performed by modeling components to estimate heat supply profile; the secondary loops between the GTHTR300s and the heat-application area; heat exchangers connecting the secondary loops to the tertiary loops of the district-heating pipes; and the tertiary loops between the heat exchangers and houses and roads. Though double pipes for the secondary loops were advantageous for having less heat loss and a smaller excavation area, these advantages did not compensate for the higher construct cost of the pipes. To satisfy heat demand in the month of maximum requirement, 520-529 MW of heat were supplied by 3 GTHTR300s and delivered by 6 secondary loops, 3,450 heat exchangers about 90 m long, and 3,450 tertiary loops. Heat loss to the ground from the tertiary loops comprised 80%-90% of the heat loss. More than 90% of the construction cost went into thermal insulators. The thickness and properties of the thermal insulator must be reevaluated for economical heat delivery.
Kubo, Shinji; Iwatsuki, Jin; Takegami, Hiroaki; Kasahara, Seiji; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Noguchi, Hiroki; Kamiji, Yu; Onuki, Kaoru
JAEA-Technology 2015-028, 32 Pages, 2015/10
JAEA-Technology-2015-028.pdf:23.69MB
JAEA has been conducting a study on IS process for thermochemical hydrogen production in order to develop massive hydrogen production technology for hydrogen society. Integrity of the chemical reactors and concentration technology of hydrogen iodide in HIx solution were studied. In the former study, the chemical reactors were trial-fabricated using industrial materials. A test of 30 times of thermal cycle test under circulating condition of the Bunsen reaction solution showed integrity of the Bunsen reactor made of fluororesin lined steel. Also, 100 hours of reaction tests showed integrity of the sulfuric acid decomposer made of silicon carbide and of the hydrogen iodide decomposer made of Hastelloy C-276. In the latter study, concerning electro-electrodialysis using cation-exchange membrane, sulfuric acid in the anolyte had little influence on the concentration performance. These results suggest the purification system of HIx solution can be simplified. Based on the Nernst-Planck equation and the Smoluchowski equation, proton transport number, water permeance, and IR drop of the cation exchange membrane were formulated. The derived equations enable quantitative estimation for the performance indexes of Nafion membrane and, also, of ETFE-St membranes made by radiation-induced graft polymerization method.
