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McKinley, I. G.*; Masuda, Sumio*; Hardie, S. M. L.*; Umeki, Hiroyuki*; Naito, Morimasa; Takase, Hiroyasu*
Journal of Energy, 2018, p.7546158_1 - 7546158_8, 2018/07
The Japanese geological disposal programme for radioactive waste is based on a volunteering approach to siting, which places particular emphasis on the need for public acceptance. This emphasises the development of a repository project as a partnership with local communities and involves stakeholders in important decisions associated with key milestones in the selection of repository sites and subsequent construction, operation and closure. To date, however, repository concept development has proceeded in a more traditional manner, focusing particularly on ease of developing a post-closure safety case. In the current project, we have attempted to go further by assessing what requirements stakeholders would place on a repository and assessing how these could be used to re-think repository designs so that they meet the desires of the public without compromising critical operational or long-term safety.
Masuda, Sumio*; Kawamura, Hideki*; McKinley, I. G.*; Kitayama, Kazumi*; Umeki, Hiroyuki
Proceedings of Radioactive Waste Management; The Next Step: Confidence, Safety and Implementation, 8 Pages, 2006/06
Many of the "standard" designs for deep geological radwaste repositories were developed decades ago and have altered little since. Changing boundary conditions - both technical and socio-economic - are driving increasing interest in the consideration of alternatives, particularly for disposal of higher activity and longer-lived wastes. This was particularly the case in Japan, following the decision by NUMO to proceed with site selection based on a volunteering process. The work by NUMO to examine alternatives provides a good illustration of the range of possibilities which are available to allow flexible tailoring of design to fit both the characteristics of volunteer sites and the desires of local communities. On an even larger scale, however, the 21st century can be expected to bring challenges that will affect the future nuclear power generation at both national and global levels. As repository project are planned and implemented over timescales of many decades, such uncertainties should be taken into account to ensure that waste disposal projects initiated now remain appropriate to the future generations who will build, operate and close them.
Masuda, Sumio*; Kawamura, Hideki*; McKinley, I. G.*; Neall, F. B.*; Umeki, Hiroyuki
Proceedings of 11th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference (IHLRWM) (CD-ROM), p.507 - 514, 2006/00
There has been increasing international interest in repository designs, particularly for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) or spent fuel (SF), which maintain the option of ease of retrieval for long periods of time. Such delayed closure may be driven by either a need to slowly gain social acceptance or a desire to maintain the future option of reprocessing of spent fuel in view of the resurgence of interest in nuclear power. In either case, there are advantages in repository concepts which are specifically developed with this requirement in mind, rather than attempting to modify designs developed under different boundary conditions. The CARE concept is an example of such a design. In the present paper, the basic concept is outlined and examined with respect to optimisation of both operational and post-closure safety.
; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Seo, Toshihiro; Fujita, Tomoo
JNC TN1410 2000-008, 100 Pages, 2000/10
JNC-TN1410-2000-008.pdf:4.23MB
no abstracts in English
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JNC TN1410 2000-005, 64 Pages, 2000/04
JNC-TN1410-2000-005.pdf:2.94MB
According to recent statistics of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), there are more than 420 nuclear power reactors in operation worldwide. This includes 52 reactors in Japan (as of December 1998), where more than one third of the total electricity has been generated by nuclear power in 1998. It is estimated that 45% of total production will be nuclear- generated by the year 2010 (Figure 1-1). In November 1999, the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) submitted a series of technical reports to the Atomic Energy Commission of Japan (AEC). The overall intention of these reports, which together make up the Second Progress Report (H12) on Research and Development for the Geological Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste (HLW), was to demonstrate the safety of geological disposal of HLW. Technical confidence in the reports is founded based mainly on the integrated results of generic research and development to date, in particular since PNC's (predecessor of JNC) Fir
; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Makino, Hitoshi
JNC TN1410 2000-004, 462 Pages, 2000/04
JNC-TN1410-2000-004.pdf:63.73MB
It was demonstrated in Supporting Report 1, based on extensive investigations and literature surveys, that stable geological environments exist in Japan that are suitable for geological disposal of HLW. The characteristics of these geological environments have been summarized to provide a basis for the H12 design study and safety assessment. Examples of repository designs have been developed and presented in Supporting Report 2. In this Supporting Report, a robust safety assessment methodology has been developed, focusing on the barrier functions of the engineered barrier system (EBS) and the near-field host rock within tens of meters of the repository. Moreover, this methodology has been applied to assess the safety of the geological disposal system defined in Supporting Reports 1 and 2. This Supporting Report consists of the following nine Chapters. Chapter I presents the objectives of H12 safety assessment, Chapter II summarized the AEC Guidelines and safety assessment procedures, I
; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Makino, Hitoshi
JNC TN1410 2000-003, 714 Pages, 2000/04
JNC-TN1410-2000-003.pdf:114.88MB
This report provides a summary of the results of studies on design and engineering technology for a deep geological repository for vitrified high-level radioactive waste (HLW) that have been conducted by the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC). The Japanese multibarrier system is illustrated in Figure 1. The purpose of this H12 Supporting Report 2 is to address the objectives and issues on repository design and engineering that are described in a report published in 1997 by the Advisory Committee on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Backend Policy of the Atomic Energy Commission of Japan, entitled "Guidelines on Research and Development Relating to the Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste in Japan" (the "AEC Guidelines"). For H12, the specific objectives are: to propose design requirements for a safe, reliable engineered barrier system (EBS) and disposal facility and, to show that the EBS and disposal facility can be reasonably constructed using currently available engine
; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Iwasa, Kengo
JNC TN1410 2000-002, 394 Pages, 2000/04
JNC-TN1410-2000-002.pdf:59.86MB
The geological environment has two main functions in terms of ensuring the safety of geological disposal. One relates to the fundamental long-term stability of the site and the other to the properties of the host rock formations and groundwater which facilitate the emplacement and functioning of the engineered barrier system (EBS) and the natural barrier function. With these functions in mind, the feasibility of selecting a geological environment in Japan, which is appropriate for geological disposal, is discussed, based on findings obtained from case studies and field measurements. (Methodology Long-term stability of the geological environment) Japan is located in a tectonically active belt that surrounds the Pacific Ocean. Volcanism, earthquakes and crystal movements are features of such active belts and are more significant in Japan than in most other countries. Therefore, important natural phenomena to be examined in Japan include fault movement, volcanic activity, uplift/d
; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Makino, Hitoshi
JNC TN1410 2000-001, 395 Pages, 2000/04
JNC-TN1410-2000-001.pdf:57.43MB
(Background) As outlined in the overall program for high-level waste (HLW) management in Japan, defined by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), HLW separated from spent nuclear fuel during reprocessing will be immobilized in a glass matrix and stored for a period of 30 to 50 years to allow cooling; it will then be disposed of in a stable deep geological formation. An organization with responsibility for implementing HLW disposal will be established around the year 2000; this will be followed by site selection and characterization, demonstration of disposal technology, establishment of the necessary regulatory infrastructure, relevant licensing applications and repository construction. The aim is to start repository operation by the 2030s, but no later than the mid 2040s. The aim of current R&D activities, in which the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) takes the leading role, is to provide a scientific and technical basis for geological disposal of HLW in Japan and to promo
Annual Seminar on Nuclear Energy Technology Development Experience and Cooperation, 0 Pages, 2000/00
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Miyahara, Kaname; Makino, Hitoshi; Takasu, Ak; Naito, Morimasa; ;
DisTec 2000, 0 Pages, 2000/00
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Genshiryoku Iinkai Genshiryoku Handobukku Taisaku Semmon Bukai Kokusai Wakushoppu, 0 Pages, 2000/00
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Takasu, Ak; Naito, Morimasa; ;
MRS2000, 0 Pages, 2000/00
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; ; Naito, Morimasa
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi, 42(6), p.486 - 506, 2000/00
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：12.1(Nuclear Science & Technology)None
; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Makino, Hitoshi
JNC TN1400 99-023, 529 Pages, 1999/11
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; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Makino, Hitoshi
JNC TN1400 99-022, 704 Pages, 1999/11
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; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Iwasa, Kengo
JNC TN1400 99-021, 560 Pages, 1999/11
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; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi
JNC TN1400 99-020, 638 Pages, 1999/11
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; ; Shimizu, Kazuhiko; Miyahara, Kaname; ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Makino, Hitoshi
JNC TN1400 99-013, 415 Pages, 1999/05
The Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC), successor to the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC) as of 1st October 1998, has prepared a second progress report (entitled H12) on research and development for geological disposal of high-level waste (HLW) in Japan. H12, which documents progress made since the publication of the first progress report (H3) in 1992, will be presented to the Japanese Government for their review by the year 2000. The purpose of the work was specified in a, report published in April 1997 by the Advisory Committee on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Backend Policy of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) entitled "Guidelines on Research and Development Relating to Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste in Japan" (AEC Guidelines). The primary objective of H12, as specified in the AEC Guidelines, is to present an outline of the technical reliability of geological disposal in Japan. It should also provide input for the siting and regula
