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JAEA Reports

Consideration on roles and relationship between observations/measurements and model predictions for environmental consequence assessments for nuclear facilities

Togawa, Orihiko; Okura, Takehisa; Kimura, Masanori

JAEA-Review 2022-049, 76 Pages, 2023/01

JAEA-Review-2022-049.pdf:3.74MB

Before construction and after operation of nuclear facilities, environmental consequence assessments are conducted for normal operation and an emergency. These assessments mainly aim at confirming safety for the public around the facilities and producing relief for them. Environmental consequence assessments are carried out using observations/ measurements by environmental monitoring and/or model predictions by calculation models, sometimes using either of which and at other times using both them, according to the situations and necessities. First, this report investigates methods, roles, merits/demerits and relationship between observations/measurements and model predictions which are used for environmental consequence assessments of nuclear facilities, especially holding up a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Rokkasho, Aomori as an example. Next, it explains representative examples of utilization of data on observations/measurements and results on model predictions, and considers points of attention at using them. Finally, the report describes future direction, for example, improvements of observations/measurements and model predictions, and fusion of both them.

JAEA Reports

Consideration on utilization of atmospheric dispersion models for a nuclear emergency preparedness and response

Togawa, Orihiko; Okura, Takehisa; Kimura, Masanori; Nagai, Haruyasu

JAEA-Review 2021-021, 61 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-021.pdf:3.72MB

Triggered by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, there have been a lot of arguments among various situations and levels about utilization of atmospheric dispersion models for a nuclear emergency preparedness and response. Most of these arguments, however, were alternative and extreme discussions on whether predictions by computational models could be applied or not for protective measures in a nuclear emergency, and it was hard to say that these arguments were politely conducted, based on scientific verification in an emergency response. It was known, on the other hand, that there were not a few potential users of atmospheric dispersion models and/or calculation results by the models within the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and outside. However, they seemed to have a lack of understanding and a misunderstanding on proper use of different kinds of atmospheric dispersion models. This report compares an outline of models and calculation method in atmospheric dispersion models for a nuclear emergency preparedness and response, with a central focus on the models which have been developed and used in the JAEA. Examples of calculations by these models are also described in the report. This report aims at contributing to future consideration and activities for potential users of atmospheric dispersion models within the JAEA and outside.

Journal Articles

Estimation of I-131 concentration using time history of pulse height distribution at monitoring post and detector response for radionuclide in plume

Hirayama, Hideo*; Kawasaki, Masatsugu; Matsumura, Hiroshi*; Okura, Takehisa; Namito, Yoshihito*; Sanami, Toshiya*; Taki, Mitsumasa; Oishi, Tetsuya; Yoshizawa, Michio

Insights Concerning the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident, Vol.4; Endeavors by Scientists, p.295 - 307, 2021/10

Journal Articles

A Knowledge-sharing activity on the environmental radiation monitoring results affected by the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident at Tokai-Oarai area in Ibaraki Prefecture

Nakano, Masanao; Hosomi, Kenji; Nishimura, Shusaku; Matsubara, Natsumi; Okura, Takehisa; Kuramochi, Akihiko; Kawasaki, Masatsugu; Takeuchi, Erina; Fujii, Yutaka*; Jinno, Tsukasa*; et al.

Hoken Butsuri (Internet), 55(2), p.102 - 109, 2020/06

After the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F) Accident in March 2011, the increase was significantly observed in a part of the result of the environmental radiation monitoring in Ibaraki prefecture. "The review meeting of the environmental effect from 1F accident" was established to discuss technically the fluctuation of monitoring data. The review meeting collected the monitoring data from the four nuclear operators, and discussed a fluctuating trend, $$^{134}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs activity ratio, and so on. In this report, the results of the dose rate and $$^{137}$$Cs in fallout, surface soil, flatfish and seabed sediment are introduced. Also the problem solving in the review meeting is introduced.

Journal Articles

Prospects for researches on environmental and health effects of the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP accident

Hirouchi, Jun; Okura, Takehisa; Satoh, Daiki

Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO$$Sigma$$, 59(3), p.152 - 155, 2017/03

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Estimation of I-131 concentration using time history of pulse height distribution at monitoring post and detector response for radionuclide in plume

Hirayama, Hideo*; Kawasaki, Masatsugu; Matsumura, Hiroshi*; Okura, Takehisa; Namito, Yoshihito*; Sanami, Toshiya*; Taki, Mitsumasa; Oishi, Tetsuya; Yoshizawa, Michio

Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai Wabun Rombunshi, 13(3), p.119 - 126, 2014/09

A method of deducing the I-131 concentration in a radioactive plume from the time history of peak count rates determined from pulse height spectra obtained from an NaI(Tl)scintillation detector employed as a detector of a monitoring post was presented. The concentrations of I-131 in the plumes were estimated from the count rates using the calculated response of the NaI(Tl) detector with egs5 for a model of a plume uniformly containing I-131. This method was applied to the data from the monitoring posts at Nuclear Science Research Institutes of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The estimated time history variation of I-131 concentrations in plumes was in fair agreement with those measured directly by an air sampling method. The difference was less than a factor of 4 for plumes that arrived on March 15 and March 21, indicating relatively high I-131 concentrations among the plumes studied in this work.

JAEA Reports

Emergency monitoring of environmental radiation and atmospheric radionuclides at Nuclear Science Research Institute, JAEA following the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Okura, Takehisa; Oishi, Tetsuya; Taki, Mitsumasa; Shibanuma, Yukio; Kikuchi, Masamitsu; Akino, Hitoshi; Kikuta, Yasuaki; Kawasaki, Masatsugu; Saegusa, Jun; Tsutsumi, Masahiro; et al.

JAEA-Data/Code 2012-010, 37 Pages, 2012/05

JAEA-Data-Code-2012-010.pdf:2.28MB

Due to the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake occurred at 11th March 2011, the emergency environmental radiation monitoring was conducted at Nuclear Science Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). This report provides the monitoring results of ambient $$gamma$$-ray dose rate and atmospheric radioactivity concentration until the beginning of June 2011. Some anthropogenic radionuclides such as Cs-134, Cs-137, I-131, I-132, Te-132, Xe-133 and others were detected from air samples. The atmospheric radioactivity concentrations varied with some peaks corresponded with that of ambient $$gamma$$-ray dose rate after 15th March 2011. Composition of each peak showed various characteristic. Internal exposure caused by inhalation was estimated from the observed atmospheric radioactivity.

Journal Articles

Special environmental monitoring around Tokai-mura after the accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station

Fujita, Hiroki; Nagaoka, Mika; Kono, Takahiko; Takeyasu, Masanori; Kawasaki, Masatsugu; Okura, Takehisa; Tsujimura, Norio; Sumiya, Shuichi; Momose, Takumaro; Furuta, Sadaaki

Proceedings of 13th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA-13) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2012/05

The nuclear accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) was caused by the Tohoku District-off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake. Various kinds of radionuclides were released from the power station right after the accident occurred and then reached our laboratories. Therefore, environmental monitoring was reinforced by observation of air absorbed dose rate, periodic collection of airborne dust, precipitation. The collected samples were used to determine radioactivity of $$gamma$$ ray emitters by High pure Germanium semiconductor detector. Moreover, rainwater and humidity were collected to do the usual routine monitoring. In some samples, $$^{90}$$Sr, $$^{131}$$I, $$^{134}$$Cs and $$^{137}$$Cs were detected with radioactivity released from the Fukushima station. In other samples such as seawater, seabed soil and etc., similar radionuclides were detected including the influence of the accident.

Journal Articles

Estimation of $$^{222}$$Rn flux and its effect on the atmospheric $$^{222}$$Rn concentration at Hachijo-jima island, Japan

Okura, Takehisa; Yamazawa, Hiromi*; Moriizumi, Jun*; Hirao, Shigekazu*; Iida, Takao*

Hoken Butsuri, 45(3), p.270 - 277, 2010/09

Measurements of $$^{222}$$Rn flux from the ground and $$^{226}$$Ra content in soil were made on Hachijo-jima, which is a solitary island in the Pacific about 200 km to the south of the main island of Japan, to evaluate effect of locally exhaled $$^{222}$$Rn to the surface air concentration of $$^{222}$$Rn measured on this island. Averages of $$^{222}$$Rn flux and $$^{226}$$Ra content in dry soil were 0.88 mBq m$$^{-2}$$ s$$^{-1}$$ and 6.8 Bq kg$$^{-1}$$ at Hachijo-jima and 9.7 mBq m$$^{-2}$$ s$$^{-1}$$ and 23.2 Bq kg$$^{-1}$$ at Nagoya, respectively. The low level $$^{226}$$Ra content in soil is one of main causes for the small $$^{222}$$Rn flux at the island. With this $$^{222}$$Rn flux, the contribution of locally exhaled $$^{222}$$Rn from the island was estimated by a simple model to occur at concentration of 0.035 to 0.072 Bq m$$^{-3}$$ (relative contribution is 4 to 12%) under typical nocturnal condition. Under diurnal condition effect is lower than that of nocturnal condition. This local $$^{222}$$Rn component is negligible as compared with concentration of long-range transported $$^{222}$$Rn of 0.5 to 3 Bq m$$^{-3}$$.

Journal Articles

Monitoring network of atmospheric Radon-222 concentration in East Asia and backward trajectory analysis of Radon-222 concentration trend at a small solitary island on Pacific Ocean

Okura, Takehisa; Yamazawa, Hiromi*; Moriizumi, Jun*; Hirao, Shigekazu*; Guo, Q.*; Tojima, Yasunori*; Iida, Takao*

Proceedings of 3rd Asian and Oceanic Congress on Radiation Protection (AOCRP-3) (CD-ROM), 3 Pages, 2010/05

Monitoring network of $$^{222}$$Rn concentration in air which was measured in Beijing, Nagoya, Hegura-jima, Hachijo-jima and Hateruma-jima, as a tracer for long-range transport in East Asia was established. At inland sites, Beijing and Nagoya, high concentrations $$^{222}$$Rn were measured, at marine sites, Hachijo-jima and Hateruma-jima, $$^{222}$$Rn concentrations level was very low. Seasonal variations of the $$^{222}$$Rn concentration show that $$^{222}$$Rn concentration was the lowest in the summer and the highest in the winter. Diurnal variations were measured at inland sites. At marine sites several-day-cycle variations were measured. It was pointed out by this study that the several-day-cycle variations at Hachijo-jima were dependent on synoptic-scale atmospheric disturbance. Backward trajectory analysis of the relationship between atmospheric $$^{222}$$Rn concentrations at Hachijo-jima and transport pathway of air mass indicates that atmospheric $$^{222}$$Rn at Hachijo-jima has much to do with transport pathway of air.

JAEA Reports

Assessment of the effect on changeover of meteorological field at Nuclear Science Research Institute, JAEA

Okura, Takehisa; Oishi, Tetsuya; Moriyama, Hirobumi; Miyagawa, Naoto

JAEA-Testing 2009-009, 46 Pages, 2010/03

JAEA-Testing-2009-009.pdf:7.13MB

The meteorological observation at Tokai site has conducted based on a "Guideline of meteorological statistics for the safety analysis of nuclear power reactor" (Nuclear Safety Commission on January 28, 1982; revised on March 29, 2001) at Nuclear Science Research Institute in JAEA. The meteorological field was changed in 2005. This report shows assessments of the effect on the change of the meteorological field on April 2005.

Journal Articles

Monitoring network of atmospheric Radon-222 concentration in East Asia and backward trajectory analysis of Radon-222 concentration trend at a small solitary island on Pacific Ocean

Okura, Takehisa; Yamazawa, Hiromi*; Moriizumi, Jun*; Hirao, Shigekazu*; Guo, Q.*; Tojima, Yasunori*; Iida, Takao*

Taiki Kankyo Gakkai-Shi, 44(1), p.42 - 51, 2009/01

Monitoring network of $$^{222}$$Rn concentration in air which was measured in Beijing, Nagoya, Hegura-jima, Hachijo-jima and Hateruma-jima, as a tracer for long-range transport in East Asia was established. At inland sites, Beijing and Nagoya, high concentrations $$^{222}$$Rn were measured, at marine sites, Hachijo-jima and Hateruma-jima, $$^{222}$$Rn concentrations level was very low. Seasonal variations of the $$^{222}$$Rn concentration show that $$^{222}$$Rn concentration was the lowest in the summer and the highest in the winter. Diurnal variations were measured at inland sites. At marine sites several-day-cycle variations were measured. It was pointed out by this study that the several-day-cycle variations at Hachijo-jima were dependent on synoptic-scale atmospheric disturbance. Backward trajectory analysis of the relationship between atmospheric $$^{222}$$Rn concentrations at Hachijo-jima and transport pathway of air mass indicates that atmospheric $$^{222}$$Rn at Hachijo-jima has much to do with transport pathway of air.

JAEA Reports

Identification procedure of natural radon ($$^{222}$$Rn) using electrostatic collection method

Nakamura, Masahiko; Matsuda, Makoto; Nakanoya, Takamitsu; Kabumoto, Hiroshi; Kutsukake, Kenichi; Otokawa, Yoshinori; Asozu, Takuhiro; Ishii, Tetsuro; Asai, Masato; Okura, Takehisa

JAEA-Technology 2008-052, 17 Pages, 2008/07

JAEA-Technology-2008-052.pdf:1.0MB

Alpha rays (0.06 Bq/cm$$^{2}$$) were detected on the first basement passage of the Tandem Accelerator Facility. We attempted to identify the alpha-emitting nuclide with surveying this area. We found a crack of concrete at the detected spot. We inferred that radon may seep out of the crack from several phenomena observed in the survey of this area. Furthermore, we identified all nuclides emitting $$gamma$$ rays at the crack as Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials, (NORM: $$^{40}$$K, $$^{214}$$Bi, $$^{228}$$Ac and so on) by in-situ $$gamma$$-ray measurement. Radon is not easy to be collected and detected by its nature of noble gas. We have developed a convenient electrostatic collection method: after collection of the radon decay product ($$^{218}$$Po) using a Teflon sheet charged electrostatically, we have measured alpha rays and $$gamma$$ rays from this sheet. We concluded the leakage of radon from the soil caused a high counting-rate of alpha rays. The paper describes our survey works and identification procedures in detail.

Journal Articles

Development of three-dimensional numerical model for $$^{222}$$Rn and its decay products coupled with a mesoscale meteorological model, 1; Model description and validation

Nishizawa, Masato; Nagai, Haruyasu; Chino, Masamichi; Moriizumi, Jun*; Yoshioka, Katsuhiro*; Okura, Takehisa; Yamazawa, Hiromi*; Iida, Takao*; Mukai, Hitoshi*; Tojima, Yasunori*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 44(11), p.1458 - 1466, 2007/11

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:37.26(Nuclear Science & Technology)

A three-dimensional Eulerian numerical model for $$^{222}$$Rn and its decay products coupled with a mesoscale meteorological model has been developed and applied to the reproduction of the daily and monthly variations of $$^{222}$$Rn concentration, the monthly variation of $$^{210}$$Pb deposition in Japan and the temporal variation of $$gamma$$ dose rate after the cold front passage in the coastal area of the Japan Sea for the verification of model capability. The results are as follows: (1) The model reproduced the monthly variation of surface $$^{222}$$Rn concentration in remote islands, but underestimated inland concentration due to coarse vertical resolution near the surface of the model. (2) The model reproduced the seasonal variation of the observed and the long-term yearly averaged $$^{210}$$Pb depositions as long as precipitations are predicted precisely. (3) The model reproduced the rise of $$gamma$$ dose rate in precipitation accompanied with the cold front passage. In particular, $$^{222}$$Rn decay products in melted snow and graupel contributed the rise of $$gamma$$ dose rate.

Oral presentation

The Installation and the use of a tritium target for the monoenergetic neutron production using the VDG accelerator

Kajimoto, Yoichi; Fujii, Katsutoshi; Tanimura, Yoshihiko; Yasu, Katsuji; Yamane, Kenji; Okura, Takehisa; Shimizu, Shigeru

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Use and maintenance of tritium target attached on the 4MV van de graff accelerator

Onuma, Isamu; Kawasaki, Katsuya; Kowatari, Munehiko; Yasu, Katsuji; Okura, Takehisa; Kajimoto, Yoichi; Shimizu, Shigeru

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Backward trajectory analysis about rising $$gamma$$-ray dose rates in rain fall events

Okura, Takehisa; Oishi, Tetsuya; Moriyama, Hirobumi; Miyagawa, Naoto

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Feasibility of OSL dosimeter for environmental $$gamma$$-ray monitoring

Okura, Takehisa; Oishi, Tetsuya; Miyauchi, Hideaki; Yoshitomi, Hiroshi; Tachibana, Haruo; Higashi, Daisuke; Suzuki, Akifumi*; Kobayashi, Ikuo*

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Radiation protection practices at the nuclear science research institute under the influence of Fukushima nuclear accident, 4; Environmental radiation monitoring

Oishi, Tetsuya; Kikuchi, Masamitsu; Takahashi, Kenichi; Okura, Takehisa; Akino, Hitoshi; Kawasaki, Masatsugu; Kikuta, Yasuaki; Saegusa, Jun; Shibanuma, Yukio; Yamamoto, Hideaki

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Environmental radiation monitoring system of Nuclear Science Research Institute, JAEA

Taki, Mitsumasa; Okura, Takehisa; Oishi, Tetsuya

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

26 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)