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Journal Articles

Result of seismic motion observation from ground surface to 500m depth at Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory and its detailed analysis

Matsui, Hiroya; Watanabe, Kazuhiko*; Mikake, Shinichiro; Niimi, Katsuyuki*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Toguri, Satohito*

Dai-47-Kai Gamban Rikigaku Ni Kansuru Shimpojiumu Koenshu (Internet), p.293 - 298, 2020/01

Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been observed seismic motions induced by earthquakes, at ground surface, galleries at 100m, 300m and 500m depth of Mizunami underground research laboratory for over 10 years. The results suggested that the amplitude of the seismic motion decreases with depth as the previous study on crystalline rock at Kamaishi mine indicated. Detailed analysis on the observed seismic motions shows that the Fourier amplitude and the phase difference of the earthquake occurred near epicenter correspond with the one calculated by one-dimensional multiple reflection theory.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of photocatalytic abilities by variation of conductivity and dimethyl sulfoxide; Photocatalytically active TiO$$_{2}$$-coated wire mesh prepared via a double-layer coating method

Mori, Masanobu*; Sugita, Tsuyoshi; Fujii, Kengo*; Yamazaki, Taiki*; Isaka, Mayu*; Kobayashi, Kentaro*; Iwamoto, Shinji*; Itabashi, Hideyuki*

Analytical Sciences, 34(12), p.1449 - 1453, 2018/12

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:7.2(Chemistry, Analytical)

The photocatalyst coating stainless-steel wire mesh (TiO$$_{2}$$-WM) was prepared by double-layer coating method. The TiO$$_{2}$$-WM was evaluated using flow analytical system, which included the reactor and conductimetric detector (FAS-CD). The DMSO decomposition test through the FAS-CD reveal that photocatalytst was stable coating on the stainless-steel wire mesh.

JAEA Reports

Study on engineering technologies in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (FY 2015); Development of design and construction planning and countermeasure technologies (Contract research)

Toguri, Satohito*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Tsuji, Masakuni*; Yahagi, Ryoji*; Yamada, Toshiko*; Matsui, Hiroya; Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro; Aoyagi, Yoshiaki

JAEA-Technology 2017-005, 43 Pages, 2017/03

JAEA-Technology-2017-005.pdf:4.4MB

The study on engineering technology in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) project roughly consists of (1) development of design and construction planning technologies, (2) development of construction technology, (3) development of countermeasure technology, (4) development of technology for security, and (5) development of technologies regarding restoration and mitigating of the excavation effect. In FY2015, as a part of the important issues on the research program, water-tight grouting method has been developed. Grouting methods utilized in the MIU were evaluated and the post-excavation grouting at the -500m Access/Research Gallery-South was planned based on these evaluation results. Also, technology development from the viewpoint of geological disposal was summarized, and information on the alternative method to the grouting method was collected and organized.

Journal Articles

Post-grouting experiences for reducing groundwater inflow at 500 m depth of the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory, Japan

Tsuji, Masakuni*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Mikake, Shinichiro; Sato, Toshinori; Matsui, Hiroya

Procedia Engineering, 191, p.543 - 550, 2017/00

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:92.54

This paper shows the application of two post-grouting works to a gallery at 500 m depth of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory in Japan. Three new grouting concepts were applied to the post-grouting works; a new grout material, a new injection system, and a new post-grouting zone. As for a grout material, "durable liquid-type colloidal silica grout (CSG)" was applied to seal the narrow fractures. As for an injection system, "complex dynamic grouting method" was applied to improve the penetrability of the grout material. The grouting works were successful in reducing the abundant water inflow from the rock mass with many fractures.

Journal Articles

Post-grouting with colloidal silica at great depth of the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory, Japan

Tsuji, Masakuni*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro; Matsui, Hiroya

Proceedings of 8th Nordic Grouting Symposium, p.171 - 185, 2016/09

This paper presents the application of a durable liquid-type colloidal silica grout (CSG), to the great depth of the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU). The CSG had been invented decades ago in Japan for the purpose of the ground improvement. A post-grouting experiment with the CSG carried out in 300 m depth of MIU confirmed its applicability and good durability at a great depth more than 3 years. Furthermore, a comparison study of applying the CSG between this experiment and a Swedish project indicated good applicability of the Swedish theoretical design to MIU. The CSG with the Swedish design were applied to the post-grouting campaign in a gallery at 500 m depth for further reducing water ingress and for developing the latest grouting methodology. The grouting was successful in reducing the abundant inflow from the rock with many fractures. The conductivity of the grouted rock mass of the latter fans is estimated to be lower than 10$$^{-9}$$ m/s.

JAEA Reports

Three-dimensional stress analysis of reflooding tunnel during submerging process using crack tensor model at Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

Ozaki, Yusuke; Matsui, Hiroya; Kuwabara, Kazumichi; Tada, Hiroyuki*; Sakurai, Hideyuki*; Kumasaka, Hiroo*; Goke, Mitsuo*; Kobayashi, Shinji*

JAEA-Research 2016-007, 125 Pages, 2016/06

JAEA-Research-2016-007.pdf:34.66MB

In Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU), the stress analysis of fractured rock have been performed with crack tensor model. In MIU, a reflooding test is performed at 500m stage. In this study, stress analysis of rock during submerging process of the tunnel is performed by using crack tensor model. The deformation of the rock under different water levels in the tunnel is simulated. The stress condition by high pressure due to inflow of groundwater into tunnel is also estimated. These simulation are performed under assumption that groundwater does not permeate into rock for the estimation of maximum pressure acting on the rock. The stress analysis with consideration of permeation of groundwater into rock is also conducted for the estimation of stress condition after the diffusion of water pressure in tunnel. The results of these analyses lead the conclusion that the pressure of the rock reaches the groundwater pressure near the face of tunnel when the tunnel is submerged.

JAEA Reports

Study on engineering technologies in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (FY 2014); Development of design and construction planning and countermeasure technologies (Contract research)

Kobayashi, Shinji*; Niimi, Katsuyuki*; Tsuji, Masakuni*; Yamada, Toshiko*; Aoyagi, Yoshiaki; Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro; Osawa, Hideaki

JAEA-Technology 2015-039, 170 Pages, 2016/02

JAEA-Technology-2015-039.pdf:37.73MB

The researches on engineering technology in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) plan consists of (1) development of design and construction planning technologies, (2) development of construction technology, (3) development of countermeasure technology, (4) development of technology for security, and (5) development of technologies regarding restoration or reversal and mitigating of the excavation effect. To develop design and construction planning technologies, and countermeasure technology, the analysis of measured data during earthquake and seismic movement characteristics at deep underground, and the examination of grouting method were carried out. For the characteristics of earthquake ground motion, measurement data obtained by seismometers installed in the Mizunami Underground Laboratory were analyzed, and the comprehensive assessment of the relationship between the measurement data and the geological condition at each depth was performed. As for "Study on grouting method at deep underground ", post grouting was carried out and evaluated based on the Construction plan in FY2013. Furthermore, target of the future R&D was proposed.

Journal Articles

Post-excavation grouting new design, results and evaluation of a gallery at great depth in Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

Tsuji, Masakuni*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro

Dai-44-Kai Gamban Rikigaku Ni Kansuru Shimpojiumu Koenshu (CD-ROM), p.359 - 364, 2016/01

Pre-excavation grouting of shafts and galleries has been conducted during the construction of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory in the aspect of safe works and reducing the discharge treatment of the water inflow. The grouting methodology has been simultaneously studied and developed as there is less experience of grouting in low conductive rock with high water pressure, especially in Japan. After excavating GL.-500m gallery on the ventilation shaft side, a post-excavation grouting campaign was performed on a 16-meter section of the pre-grouted area. Three new options for the grouting design were adopted and found to be effective with sufficiently decreasing the water inflow into the gallery.

Journal Articles

Grouting for reducing groundwater inflow into a gallery at 500m depth of the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory, Japan

Tsuji, Masakuni*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro

Proceedings of the ISRM Regional Symposium EUROCK 2015 & 64th Geomechanics Colloquium; Future Development of Rock Mechanics, p.35 - 41, 2015/10

Rock grouting has been an essential measure to reduce water ingress into the deep underground during the excavation of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory project in Japan. This paper shows an overview of grouting works performed at a gallery of 120 m at 500 m depth. After completion of its excavation with the pilot borehole investigation and pre-grouting mainly by Super-fine Portland cement, the inflow from the whole gallery was 200-220 Liter/min within the requirement. Then, at a limited section of 16 m, post-grouting was performed with new designs, applying colloidal silica grout, complex dynamic grouting, and grouting outside of the pregrouted zone. These designs were effective and the inflow at the section reduced from 35 to 11 Liter/min. These experiences must be fruitful for advancing the present technology and there should have been potential for reducing further inflow if any of the new designs are applied from the pre-grouting phase.

Journal Articles

Excavation cycle times recorded during sinking of a deep shaft in crystalline rock; A Case example at ventilation shaft of Mizunami URL, Japan

Sanada, Hiroyuki; Sato, Toshinori; Horiuchi, Yasuharu*; Mikake, Shinichiro; Okihara, Mitsunobu*; Yahagi, Ryoji*; Kobayashi, Shinji*

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 50, p.68 - 78, 2015/08

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:19.92(Construction & Building Technology)

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is implementing the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) Project to establish the scientific and technological basis for the geological disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste (HLW) in crystalline rocks. Excavation cycle times were recorded during the Ventilation Shaft sinking and compared with the planned excavation cycle times for evaluation of the baseline design plan. This included review of the cycle times in the design process and comparison with the actual construction results. The recorded results indicate that actual cycle times were twice as long as the design plan. This paper describes discussions on differences in cycle times between the design and actual times.

JAEA Reports

Three-dimensional excavation analysis based on crack tensor model at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

Takayama, Yusuke; Sato, Toshinori; Sanada, Hiroyuki; Tada, Hiroyuki*; Kumasaka, Hiroo*; Fukuda, Tsuyoshi*; Kobayashi, Shinji*

JAEA-Research 2015-003, 102 Pages, 2015/07

JAEA-Research-2015-003.pdf:20.21MB

In the rock mechanical study in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory Project, the development of the evaluation method for the excavation damaged zone due to excavation of shafts and research galleries is one of the important issues. In this study, three-dimensional excavation analysis is conducted. Crack tensor used in these analysis were measured using the data collected in wall surface observation in study tunnels such as the horizontal tunnels to a depth of 500 m. The results of analysis were compared with existing measurements at a depth of 500 m obtained using in-situ strain meters. The excavation analysis using crack tensor and initial stress obtained from the Phase I and Phase II were carried out to examine the influence of crack tensor and initial stress on the results of analysis.

JAEA Reports

Study on engineering technologies in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (FY 2013); Development of design and construction planning and countermeasure technologies (Contract research)

Kobayashi, Shinji*; Niimi, Katsuyuki*; Okihara, Mitsunobu*; Tsuji, Masakuni*; Yamada, Toshiko*; Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro; Horiuchi, Yasuharu*; Aoyagi, Yoshiaki

JAEA-Technology 2014-035, 172 Pages, 2015/01

JAEA-Technology-2014-035.pdf:91.27MB

The researches on engineering technology in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) plan consists of (1) development of design and construction planning technologies, (2) development of construction technology, (3) development of countermeasure technology, (4) development of technology for security, and (5) development of technologies regarding restoration or reversal and mitigating of the excavation effect. To develop design and construction planning technologies, and countermeasure technology, the analysis of measured data during earthquake and seismic movement characteristics at deep underground, and the examination of grouting method were carried out. The knowledge of the seismic movements at deep underground was obtained by which observation records of seismometers at Mizunami underground research laboratory were analyzed to verify the earthquake-resistant design of the shafts and tunnels. As for" Study on grouting method at deep underground", Existing post-grouting methods for crystalline rock were reviewed, the applicability of pre-grouting technology was evaluated and study on experiment plan in MIU was carried out following the previous year.

Journal Articles

Pre-excavation grouting design, results and evaluation of a gallery at great depth in Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

Tsuji, Masakuni*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro

Dai-43-Kai Gamban Rikigaku Ni Kansuru Shimpojiumu Koenshu (CD-ROM), p.7 - 12, 2015/01

Pre-excavation grouting of shafts and galleries has been conducted during the construction of Mizunami Underground research laboratory in the aspect of safe works and reducing the discharge treatment of the water inflow. The grouting methodology has been simultaneously studied an developed as there is less experience of grouting in low conductive rock with high water pressure, especially in Japan. Ahead of excavating GL.-500m gallery on the ventilation shaft side, grouting design was performed based on the estimation of water inflow by the pilot-boring investigations and the design was properly revised during the campaign. The gallery satisfied the inflow requirement with good sealing effect.

Journal Articles

Analysis of excavation cycle time during sinking of the ventilation shaft at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

Sanada, Hiroyuki; Sato, Toshinori; Horiuchi, Yasuharu*; Mikake, Shinichiro; Okihara, Mitsunobu*; Yahagi, Ryoji*; Kobayashi, Shinji*

Proceedings of 8th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium (ARMS-8) (USB Flash Drive), 7 Pages, 2014/10

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is implementing the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) Project to establish the scientific and technological basis for the geological disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste (HLW) in crystalline rocks. Excavation cycle times were recorded during the Ventilation Shaft sinking and compared with the planned excavation cycle times for evaluation of the baseline design plan. This included review of the cycle times in the design process and comparison with the actual construction results. The recorded results indicate that actual cycle times were twice as long as the design plan. This paper describes discussions on differences in cycle times between the design and result.

Journal Articles

Status of grouting to reduce groundwater inflow into deep shafts and galleries in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory, Japan

Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Tsuji, Masakuni*

Proceedings of 8th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium (ARMS-8) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2014/10

Japan Atomic Energy Agency is operating Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory project focusing on crystalline rock. Grouting for reducing water inflow is an essential countermeasure technology utilized during construction of underground facilities. Pre-excavation grouting and post-excavation grouting using Ordinary Portland cement, super-fine Portland cement and liquid-type colloidal silica were performed to investigate their performance as countermeasures for reducing groundwater inflow at many locations in the shafts and galleries in the laboratory. The results show that pre-excavation grouting successfully attained the target hydraulic conductivity of 2 Lu for Ordinary Portland cement and 0.2 Lu for super-fine Portland cement using criteria of Lugeon value and changing W/C. Liquid-type colloidal silica was able to drastically lower the hydraulic conductivity of 0.29 Lu and seemed to be stable for water pressures of at least 5 MPa and to be important material used in deep underground.

Journal Articles

Comparison of grouting with silica sol in the $"A$sp$"o$ Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden and Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory in Japan

Tsuji, Masakuni*; Funehag, J.*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro

Proceedings of 8th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium (ARMS-8) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2014/10

Silica sol is a material that seems to fulfill the non-hazardous requirement and capable of penetrating into narrow fractures. The rock grouting strategy with silica sol has been studied and applied for some recent projects in Sweden. The design methodology is based on the determination of the fracture transmissivity distribution and the theoretical penetration length. In 2008, grouting with silica sol was applied in the construction of a short tunnel at 450 m depth in the $"A$sp$"o$ Hard Rock Laboratory, the TASS-tunnel. In 2010, a grouting experiment with silica sol was performed in a gallery at 300 m depth in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU experiment). It can be suggested that Swedish methodology can be applied to design and evaluate the grouting works in Japanese rock with higher intensity of fractures in general. Furthermore, an additional pumping time or the use of Japanese silica sol might improve the grouting quality in Sweden.

JAEA Reports

Study on engineering technologies in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory; FY2012 (Contract research)

Fukaya, Masaaki*; Noda, Masaru*; Hata, Koji*; Takeda, Yoshinori*; Akiyoshi, Kenji*; Ishizeki, Yoshikazu*; Kaneda, Tsutomu*; Sato, Shin*; Shibata, Chihoko*; Ueda, Tadashi*; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2014-019, 495 Pages, 2014/08

JAEA-Technology-2014-019.pdf:82.23MB

The researches on engineering technology in the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) plan consists of (1) research on engineering technology deep underground, and (2) research on engineering technology as a basis of geological disposal. The former research is mainly aimed in this study, which is categorized in (a) development of design and construction planning technologies, (b) development of construction technologies, (c) development of countermeasure technologies, and (d) development of technologies for security. In this study, the researches on engineering technology are being conducted in these four categories by using data measured during construction as a part of the second phase of the MIU plan.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of shaft excavation technology based on construction results up to a depth of 500m at Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

Sato, Toshinori; Mikake, Shinichiro; Noda, Masaru*; Kobayashi, Shinji*

Tonneru To Chika, 45(7), p.501 - 510, 2014/07

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency conducts studies and research associated with the excavation of underground research facility at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory in Mizunami City, Gifu Prefecture. The research laboratory is an underground facility consisting of two shafts and some drifts and excavation has currently extended to a depth of 500 m. This report contains the evaluation results of measures to control the welling of water and measures to prevent ground collapse based on construction records up to now. For measures to control the welling of water, we carried out pre-grouting from umbrella-shaped grouthing holes placed at the bottom of the shaft and observed improvements in given permeability. For measures to prevent ground collapse, we conducted safe shaft sinking along faults by combining reinforecement works using rock bolts and fore-poling works using silica-resin grouting. Both measures were conducted using a shaft sinking drill carriage "Shaft Jumbo" that made it possible to efficiently incorporate short step shaft sinking cycles.

Journal Articles

Grouting experiment with colloidal silica at 300 m depth of the Mizunami URL

Kobayashi, Shinji*; Nobuto, Jun*; Sugiyama, Hirokazu*; Kusano, Takashi*; Tsuji, Masakuni*; Mikake, Shinichiro; Matsui, Hiroya

Proceedings of European Rock Mechanics Symposium (EUROCK 2012) (CD-ROM), 13 Pages, 2012/05

JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) has been conducting geoscientific research and development at underground research laboratory under construction, in crystalline rock at Mizunami, Gifu. Considering water treatment expense, the water inflow should be minimized. Although cement grout has been applied to reduce the inflow at 460 m depth at the MIU (Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory), water inflow through narrow fractures which cement grout cannot penetrate might be a problem at deeper underground. Colloidal silica grout, which is liquid-type grout, has high durability as well as good penetrability and is therefore tested at a depth of 300 m. The results indicated that liquid-type grout could sufficiently reduce the hydraulic conductivity of rock mass with less than 1 Lu. In the water pressure resistance test, the ultra-high-pressure packer was set in the pilot hole. The results indicated that liquid-type grout could keep sealing effect even under high water pressures over 9 MPa.

Journal Articles

Analysis and numerical simulation of seismic events recorded in the ventilation shaft at the Mizunami URL

Niimi, Katsuyuki*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Nobuto, Jun*; Matsui, Hiroya; Yamamoto, Masaru

Proceedings of European Rock Mechanics Symposium (EUROCK 2012) (CD-ROM), 13 Pages, 2012/05

JAEA has been conducting geoscientific research and development at underground research laboratories under construction in Japan. In this study, frequency and wave propagation characteristics were analyzed using seismic records for six earthquakes obtained with the seismometers in URL. It was found that seismic motions were amplified from the deep underground to the shallow surface and that the wave propagation characteristics were different in NS and EW directions. It was also assumed that the recorded data of the seismometer on the ground might be influenced by aboveground structures. Then, numerical simulations using SHAKE, which is commonly used for seismic response analysis in Japan and had been applied to the earthquake resistance design in Phase I, were carried out to compare analytical results and observed records. The results showed that the calculated results agreed well with those observed when epicenters are close.

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