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Journal Articles

Design concept of conducting shell and in-vessel components suitable for plasma vertical stability and remote maintenance scheme in DEMO reactor

Uto, Hiroyasu; Takase, Haruhiko; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Tobita, Kenji; Mori, Kazuo; Kudo, Tatsuya; Someya, Yoji; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Hoshino, Kazuo; Nakamura, Makoto; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 103, p.93 - 97, 2016/02

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:60.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Conceptual design of in-vessel component including conducting shell has been investigated in Broader Approach (BA) DEMO design activities, in order to propose feasible DEMO reactor from plasma vertical stability and engineering viewpoint. The conducting shell for the plasma vertical stability will be incorporated behind blanket module, while the location must be close to the plasma surface as possible for the plasma stabilization. We evaluated dependence of the plasma vertical stability on the conducing shell parameters by using a 3-dimensional eddy current analysis code (EDDYCAL). The calculation results showed that the conducting shell requires more than 0.01 m thickness of Cu-alloy on DEMO. On the other hand, the electromagnetic force at the plasma disruption is a few times larger than no conducting shell case because of larger eddy current on conducting shell. The engineering design issues of in-vessel components for plasma vertical stability are presented.

Journal Articles

Design study of blanket structure based on a water-cooled solid breeder for DEMO

Someya, Yoji; Tobita, Kenji; Uto, Hiroyasu; Tokunaga, Shinsuke; Hoshino, Kazuo; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Nakamura, Makoto; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru

Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1872 - 1875, 2015/10

 Times Cited Count:35 Percentile:96.06(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Blanket concept with simplified interior for mass production has been developed with a mixed bed of Li$$_{2}$$TiO$$_{3}$$ and Be$$_{12}$$Ti pebbles, a coolant condition of 15.5 MPa and 290-325$$^{circ}$$C and cooling tubes only without any partitions. A neutronics analysis ensured the blanket concept meets a self-sufficient supply of tritium. However, this concept is vulnerable to the inner pressure. A plant availability for DEMO may drop to a lower value, because a potential of resume operations after an accident such as a coolant leakage in blanket is not considered. The blanket design will be revisited for the availability. Considering the continuity with the ITER-TBM option of Japan and the engineering feasibility of fabrication, our design study focuses on a water-cooled solid breeding blanket using the mixed pebbles bed. A breakage of the blanket casing should be avoided not to contaminate the plasma chamber with water and breeding materials. A water-cooled solid blanket with inner pressure tightness is estimated by the ANSYS code. As a results, the pressure tightness of 8 MPa (water vapor pressure at 300$$^{circ}$$C) can be compatible with the self-sufficient production of tritium when the blanket is as thick as about 0.9 m and the ribs are arranged in the radial direction. Therefore, the blanket concept with pressure tightness of 8 MPa is adopted with depressurization system as which a tritium recovery system such as helium purge-gas line is posteriorly arranged in blanket to serve. On the other hand, a handling of decay heat is a serious problem at an accident such as LOCA. Coolant flow is divided into the blanket to secure heat removal for the safety. Finally, the blanket segmentation with the shape and dimension of blanket and routing of coolant flow has also been proposed. Moreover, overall TBR is estimated with torus configuration based in the segmentation using three-dimensional MCNP calculation.

Journal Articles

Comparative evaluation of remote maintenance schemes for fusion DEMO reactor

Uto, Hiroyasu; Tobita, Kenji; Someya, Yoji; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Hoshino, Kazuo; Nakamura, Makoto

Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1648 - 1651, 2015/10

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:51.55(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Maintenance schemes are one of the critical issues in DEMO design, significantly affecting the configuration of in-vessel components, the size of toroidal field coil, the arrangement of poloidal field coils, reactor building, hot cell and so forth. Therefore, the maintenance schemes should satisfy many design requirements and criteria to assure reliable and safe plant operation and to attain reasonable plant availability. In this study, we categorize various schemes in term of (1) the maintenance port position for transporting blanket segments, (2) blanket segmentation, and (3) divertor segmentation. In reviewing these assessment factors, the separated sector transport using the vertical maintenance ports with small divertor cassette maintenance scheme was found to be a more probable maintenance approach. This presentation describes engineering design of each maintenance schemes and evaluation results of comparison among maintenance schemes.

Journal Articles

Management strategy for radioactive waste in the fusion DEMO reactor

Someya, Yoji; Tobita, Kenji; Uto, Hiroyasu; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Hoshino, Kazuo; Nakamura, Makoto; Tokunaga, Shinsuke

Fusion Science and Technology, 68(2), p.423 - 427, 2015/09

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:70.84(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The radioactive waste is generated in every replacement of an in-vessel component. Maintenance scheme is to replace the blanket segment and divertor cassette independently, as the lifetime of them is different. The blanket segment consists of some blanket modules mounted to back-plate. Total weight is estimated to amount to about 6,648 ton (1,575 ton of blanket module, 3,777 ton of back-plate, 372 ton of conducting shell and 924 ton of divertor cassette). In base case, main parameters of DEMO reactor are 8.2 m of major radius and 1.35 GW of fusion output. The lifetimes of blanket segment and divertor cassette are assumed to be 2.2 years and 0.6 year, respectively, 52,487 ton wastes is generated in plant life of 20 years. Therefore, there is a concern that a contamination controlled area for the radioactive waste may increase because much the waste is generated in every replacement. In this paper, management scenario is proposed to reduce the radioactive waste. The back-plates and cassette bodies (628 ton) of divertor was reused. As a result, the displacement per atom (DPA) of the back-plates of SUS316L was 0.2 DPA/year and that of the cassette bodies of F82H was 0.6 DPA/year. Therefore, reusing the back-plates and cassette bodies would be possible, if re-welding points are arranged under neutron shielding. It was found that radioactive waste could be reduced to 20%, when tritium breeding materials are recycled. Finally, a design of DEMO building such as a hot cell and temporary storage etc. is proposed.

Journal Articles

Progress of divertor simulation research toward the realization of detached plasma using a large tandem mirror device

Nakashima, Yosuke*; Takeda, Hisahito*; Ichimura, Kazuya*; Hosoi, Katsuhiro*; Oki, Kensuke*; Sakamoto, Mizuki*; Hirata, Mafumi*; Ichimura, Makoto*; Ikezoe, Ryuya*; Imai, Tsuyoshi*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 463, p.537 - 540, 2015/08

 Times Cited Count:18 Percentile:82.74(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Simulation study of power load with impurity seeding in advanced divertor "short super-X divertor" for a tokamak reactor

Asakura, Nobuyuki; Hoshino, Kazuo; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Shinya, Kichiro*; Uto, Hiroyasu; Tokunaga, Shinsuke; Tobita, Kenji; Ono, Noriyasu*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 463, p.1238 - 1242, 2015/08

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:67.6(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Arrangements of interlink divertor coils and divertor geometries for short super-X was proposed as the Demo advanced divertor design. Performance of plasma detachment under the large heat flux was investigated to optimize the divertor design, using SONIC simulation with Ar impurity seeding, where Pout = 500 MW, ne = 7$$times$$10$$^{19}$$ m$$^{-3}$$ at the core-edge boundary and the same diffusion coefficients for ITER simulation. Effects on the plasma temperature and density distributions were compared to the conventional divertor. The first run results with the same radiation power fraction of 0.92 in the conventional divertor showed that full detached plasma is produced, the maximum radiation region was maintained upstream the divertor target, and both the plasma heat load plus radiation load at the target was reduced to 10 MWmm$$^{-2}$$ level. Simulation for the lower radiation power fractions of 0.8-0.9 was also performed, and physics issues of the short super-X divertor are discussed.

Journal Articles

The Influence of the radial particle transport on the divertor plasma detachment

Hoshino, Kazuo; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Takizuka, Tomonori*; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Nakano, Tomohide

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 463, p.573 - 576, 2015/08

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:67.6(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

ITPA (International Tokamak Physics Activity) meeting report, 51

Asakura, Nobuyuki

Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 91(8), P. 566, 2015/08

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Neutronics analysis for fusion DEMO reactor design

Someya, Yoji; Tobita, Kenji; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Uto, Hiroyasu; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Hoshino, Kazuo; Nakamura, Makoto; Tokunaga, Shinsuke

Proceedings of 23rd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-23) (DVD-ROM), 6 Pages, 2015/05

This paper presents neutronics analysis mainly focused on key design issues for self-sufficient tritium production based on the conceptual design study carried out for a fusion DEMO reactor in past several years, which includes new findings regarding design methodology of breeding blanket. Self-sufficient production of tritium is one of the most critical requirements for fusion reactors. We considered a fusion DEMO reactor with a major radius of about 8 m and fusion output of 1.5 GW with breeding blanket consisting of a mixed bed of Li$$_{2}$$TiO$$_{3}$$ and Be$$_{12}$$Ti pebbles. The net tritium breeding ratio (TBR) was estimated to be 1.15 with a three-dimensional analysis with the MCNP-5 with nuclear library of FENDL-2.1, satisfying a self-sufficient supply of tritium (net TBR$$>$$1.05). Throughout the research, we found that tritium breeding capability (i.e., local TBR) of breeding blanket is less dependent on the arrangement of cooling pipe in the blanket when the neutron wall loading is lower than about 1.5 MW/m$$^{2}$$ which is met in the DEMO considered. The result suggests that tolerance for the installation of cooling pipes in each blanket module will not be a critical matter. In addition, we found that a gap of about 0.02 m between neighboring blanket modules has little impact on the gross TBR.

Journal Articles

Report on ITPA meetings, 47

Isayama, Akihiko; Urano, Hajime; Miyato, Naoaki; Ide, Shunsuke; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Shinohara, Koji

Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 90(12), p.830 - 833, 2014/12

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Evaluation of remote maintenance schemes by plasma equilibrium analysis in Tokamak DEMO reactor

Uto, Hiroyasu; Tobita, Kenji; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(11), p.2588 - 2593, 2014/11

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:8.95(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Relationship between net electric power and radial build of DEMO based on ITER steady-state scenario parameters

Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Nakamura, Makoto; Tobita, Kenji; Uto, Hiroyasu; Someya, Yoji; Hoshino, Kazuo; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Tokunaga, Shinsuke

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(9-10), p.2440 - 2445, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:43.23(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Several concepts of DEMO have been proposed so far with plasma physics assumptions. At the same time, plasma performances foreseen in DEMO have been developed experimentally in tokamaks. However there are large gaps between the physics design parameters of the DEMO concepts and the simultaneous achieved parameters in tokamak experiments. Since one of the foreseeable integrated plasma performances is the ITER steady-state scenario, the projection of the scenario parameter to DEMO concept has been analyzed by using the systems code. The fusion power of 1GW can be obtained with the plasma major radius of 9 m. The same power can be obtained with 8 m if the distance between TF coil and plasma surface is reduced from 2 m to 1.5 m. Furthermore, it was found that the heat load on the divertor region is increased with increasing the normalized density and is decreased with increasing the normalized beta.

Journal Articles

Waste management scenario in the hot cell and waste storage for DEMO

Someya, Yoji; Tobita, Kenji; Yanagihara, Satoshi*; Kondo, Masatoshi*; Uto, Hiroyasu; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Hoshino, Kazuo; Nakamura, Makoto; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(9-10), p.2033 - 2037, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:57.39(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the replacement period of a fusion power reactor, the assembly of blanket or divertor modules need to be removed from the reactor in order to minimize remote maintenance in the vacuum vessel and to attain a reasonable plant availability. In the hot cell, the modules will be removed from the backplate of the assembly. Here, note that the active cooling must be done by a way that does not cause contamination of the hot cell environment due to dispersion of tritium and tungsten dust. In this sense, the cooling scenario is adopted that the existing pipe of cooling water in the assembly is connected to a different cooling water system in the hot cell. In this scenario, the temperature of the assembly is maintained about 40-100$$^{circ}$$C. On the other hand, the structural material (RAFM) of the blanket and divertor is not recycled due to its high contact dose rate. It should be crushed into small pieces to reduce volume of the waste and required storage space. Here, the decay heat must be removed by natural convection to keep the temperature below 65$$^{circ}$$C for preventing water evaporation from the mortar. The RAFM is kept in the interim storage during 12 years until the required temperature conditions for mortar are ensured and then is disposed of.

Journal Articles

Application of inter-linked superconducting coils for central solenoid and advanced divertor configuration of DEMO

Uto, Hiroyasu; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Tobita, Kenji; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Someya, Yoji; Hoshino, Kazuo; Nakamura, Makoto

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(9-10), p.2456 - 2460, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:8.95(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Recently, use of an inter-linked (IL) superconducting coils in a tokamak fusion DEMO reactor were proposed. A basic idea of the IL-CS concept is to wind a CS such that it is linked in a set of toroidal field (TF) coils. In this presentation, the detailed descriptions of the engineering design of the superconducting CS linked in TFCs will be presented. Handling of a large exhausted power from the core plasma is the most important issue for the fusion reactor. Recently, advanced divertor concepts of super-X divertor (SXD) was proposed. The plasma equilibrium calculations for SlimCS showed that large coil currents are required for the conventional divertor coil location outside TFC. These results show that installation of the divertor coils inter-TFC (inter-linked PF) is required for the DEMO advanced divertor design. In this presentation, engineering feasibility of the inter-linked superconducting CS and PF for constructing the SXD equilibrium configuration will be presented.

Journal Articles

Studies of impurity seeding and divertor power handling in fusion reactor

Hoshino, Kazuo; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Tokunaga, Shinsuke

Proceedings of 25th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2014) (CD-ROM), 6 Pages, 2014/10

Journal Articles

Development of divertor simulation research in the GAMMA 10/PDX tandem mirror

Nakashima, Yosuke*; Sakamoto, Mizuki*; Yoshikawa, Masayuki*; Oki, Kensuke*; Takeda, Hisahito*; Ichimura, Kazuya*; Hosoi, Katsuhiro*; Hirata, Mafumi*; Ichimura, Makoto*; Ikezoe, Ryuya*; et al.

Proceedings of 25th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2014) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2014/10

Journal Articles

Present status of linear plasma devices and issues on DEMO divertor design

Sakamoto, Mizuki*; Ono, Noriyasu*; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Hoshino, Kazuo

Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 90(8), p.473 - 479, 2014/08

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Divertor study on DEMO reactor

Hoshino, Kazuo; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Tokunaga, Shinsuke; Takizuka, Tomonori*; Someya, Yoji; Nakamura, Makoto; Uto, Hiroyasu; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Tobita, Kenji

Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 9(Sp.2), p.3403070_1 - 3403070_8, 2014/06

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

The Emission rates of CH, CD and C$$_{2}$$ spectral bands and a re-evaluation of the chemical sputtering yield of the JT-60U carbon divertor plates

Nakano, Tomohide; Higashijima, Satoru; Kubo, Hirotaka; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Fukumoto, Masakatsu

Nuclear Fusion, 54(4), p.043004_1 - 043004_10, 2014/03

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:10.4(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

We have determined the CH photon emission rate defined as the number of photons over dissociation and/or ionization event of $$mbox{CH}_4$$, from the ratio of the measured emission intensity of CH spectral band to the $$mbox{CH}_4$$ injection rate into the divertor plasma of JT-60U. Similar photon emission rates of CD for $$mbox{CD}_4$$, CH and $$mbox{C}_2$$ for $$mbox{C}_2mbox{H}_4$$ and $$mbox{C}_2mbox{H}_6$$ have also been determined. Interestingly, during the $$mbox{CH}_4$$ and the $$mbox{CD}_4$$ injection, the $$mbox{C}_2$$ spectral band intensity increases, suggesting that injected $$mbox{CH}_4$$ reacts with the carbon divertor plates to form heavier hydrocarbons. From the determined emission rates, previously published chemical sputtering yields, have been reevaluated. The reevaluated total chemical sputtering yield becomes lower ($$sim6%$$) compared to the original ($$sim8%$$) and the dependence on the incident ion flux and energy becomes weaker.

Journal Articles

Report on ITPA (International Tokamak Physics Activity) meeting, 44

Asakura, Nobuyuki

Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 90(3), P. 200, 2014/03

no abstracts in English

346 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)