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Journal Articles

Oxidation and embrittlement behavior of FeCrAl-ODS cladding tube under loss-of-coolant accident conditions

Narukawa, Takafumi; Kondo, Keietsu; Fujimura, Yuki; Kakiuchi, Kazuo; Udagawa, Yutaka; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 587, p.154736_1 - 154736_8, 2023/12

Journal Articles

Microstructural evolution of intermetallic phase precipitates in Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding in high-temperature steam oxidation up to 1400$$^{circ}$$C

Mohamad, A. B.; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Furumoto, Kenichiro*; Okada, Yuji*; Sato, Daiki*

Corrosion Science, 224, p.111540_1 - 111540_15, 2023/11

Journal Articles

Behavior of FeCrAl-ODS cladding tube under loss-of-coolant accident conditions

Narukawa, Takafumi; Kondo, Keietsu; Fujimura, Yuki; Kakiuchi, Kazuo; Udagawa, Yutaka; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 582, p.154467_1 - 154467_12, 2023/08

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:96.85(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Investigation of the oxidation behavior of Zircaloy-4 cladding in a mixture of air and steam

Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Ishijima, Yasuhiro; Kondo, Keietsu; Fujimura, Yuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 575, p.154209_1 - 154209_19, 2023/03

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:33.72(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Previous studies had shown that in certain conditions, the rate of oxidation of zirconium (Zr) based alloy fuel cladding is higher in air-steam mixtures than in dry air. In severe accidents in the spent fuel pool and in other air ingress accidents in nuclear power plants, the cladding is likely to be oxidized in an air-steam mixture, which makes it crucial to have an in-depth understanding of the nature of oxidation and its kinetics in that environment. Oxidation tests were conducted at 800$$^{circ}$$C on Zircaloy-4 specimens in a mix of (air+steam) with various component ratios. Oxidation kinetics, details of the oxide layer, and hydrogen pick-up in the specimen were studied to investigate the mechanism of oxidation in each of these sets of conditions. Zirconium nitride precipitation in the oxide layer during the initial stages of the pre-breakaway oxidation stage and the widespread porous oxide growth on the cladding surface in the latter post-BA oxidation stage are related to the oxidation mechanism in the air-steam mixture. The differences in the mechanism of oxidation of the cladding in dry air and air-steam mixtures are discussed based on the experimental results.

Journal Articles

Experimental investigation of spray cooling behavior in 4$$times$$4 simulated fuel bundle

Nagatake, Taku; Shibata, Mitsuhiko; Yoshida, Hiroyuki; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(3), p.320 - 333, 2023/03

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, failure of cooling system for spent fuel pool occurred and there was a concern that the spent fuels were damaged. Then a safety measures for SFP cooling in severe accident condition is required. As a countermeasure for SFP severe accident, it is considered that a portable spray is used for SFP cooling in such condition. In this research project, the numerical simulation methods have been developed in order to evaluate the applicability of portable spray system for cooling SFPs. And experiments were also performed in order to get a knowledge of spray cooling phenomena and validation data for the numerical simulation methods. As one of the experiments, a cooling experiment by using 4$$times$$4 simulated fuel assembly were performed and temperature distribution during spray cooling process were measured. In this paper, the results of a cooling experiment are reported.

Journal Articles

Damage evaluations for BWR lower head in severe accident based on multi-physics simulations

Katsuyama, Jinya; Yamaguchi, Yoshihito; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Furuta, Takuya; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Proceedings of ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2022) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2022/07

Journal Articles

Study on loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accidents in spent fuel pool; Confirmation of fuel temperature calculation function with oxidation reaction in the SAMPSON code

Suzuki, Hiroaki*; Morita, Yoshihiro*; Naito, Masanori*; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 7(3), p.19-00450_1 - 19-00450_17, 2020/06

In this study, the SAMPSON code was modified to evaluate severe accidents in a spent fuel pool (SFP). Air oxidation models based on oxidation data obtained on the Zircaroy-4 cladding (ANL model) and the Zircaroy-2 cladding (JAEA model) were included in the modified SAMPSON code. Experiments done by Sandia National Laboratory using simulated fuel assemblies equivalent to those of an actual BWR plant were analyzed by the modified SAMPSON code to confirm the functions for analysis of the severe SFP accidents. The rapid fuel rod temperature rise due to the Zr air oxidation reaction could be reasonably evaluated by the SAMPSON analysis. The SFP accident analyses were conducted with different initial water levels which were no water, water level at bottom of active fuel, and water level at half of active fuel. The present analysis showed that the earliest temperature rise of the fuel rod surface occurred when there was no water in the SFP and natural circulation of air became possible.

Journal Articles

Overview of accident-tolerant fuel R&D program in Japan

Yamashita, Shinichiro; Ioka, Ikuo; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kawanishi, Tomohiro; Kurata, Masaki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Fukahori, Tokio; Nozawa, Takashi*; Sato, Daiki*; Murakami, Nozomu*; et al.

Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference / Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (Global/Top Fuel 2019) (USB Flash Drive), p.206 - 216, 2019/09

After the nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant, research and development (R&D) program for establishing technical basis of accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) started from 2015 in Japan. Since then, both experimental and analytical studies necessary for designing a new light water reactor (LWR) core with ATF candidate materials are being conducted within the Japanese ATF R&D Consortium for implementing ATF to the existing LWRs, accompanying with various technological developments required. Until now, we have accumulated experimental data of the candidate materials by out-of-pile tests, developed fuel evaluation codes to apply to the ATF candidate materials, and evaluated fuel behavior simulating operational and accidental conditions by the developed codes. In this paper, the R&D progresses of the ATF candidate materials considered in Japan are reviewed based on the information available such as proceedings of international conference and academic papers, providing an overview of ATF program in Japan.

Journal Articles

Study on loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accidents in spent fuel pool, 2; Fuel cladding oxidation

Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Kanazawa, Toru*; Nakashima, Kazuo*; Tojo, Masayuki*

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2019/05

Oxidation behaviour of Zr cladding in SFP accident condition was evaluated by using a thermobalance in this work, and the obtained data were applied to construct oxidation model for SFP accident condition. For the validation of the constructed oxidation model, oxidation tests using a long cladding tube 500mm in length were conducted in conditions simulating SFP accidents, such as flow rate of the atmosphere in spent fuel rack, temperature gradient along the axis of cladding, and heating-up history. Thickness of oxide layer formed on the surface of cladding samples was evaluated by cross sectional observation, and compared with calculation results obtained by using the oxidation model. The detail of experimental results and validation of the oxidation model will be discussed.

Journal Articles

Study on loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accidents in spent fuel pool, 4; Investigation of fuel loading effects in BWR spent fuel rack

Tojo, Masayuki*; Kanazawa, Toru*; Nakashima, Kazuo*; Iwamoto, Tatsuya*; Kobayashi, Kensuke*; Goto, Daisuke*; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 13 Pages, 2019/05

In this study, fuel loading effects in BWR spent fuel rack accidents are widely investigated using three-dimensional analysis methods from both nuclear and thermal hydraulics viewpoints, including: (a) Decay heat of spent fuel after discharge, (b) The maximum temperature of spent fuel cladding in the spent fuel rack depending on heat transfer phenomena, and (c) Criticality of the spent fuel rack after collapsing of the fuel due to a severe accidents in the BWR spent fuel pool (SFP).

Journal Articles

Study on loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accidents in spent fuel pool, 1; Overview

Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Nagatake, Taku; Yoshida, Hiroyuki; Tojo, Masayuki*; Goto, Daisuke*; Nishimura, Satoshi*; Suzuki, Hiroaki*; Yamato, Masaaki*; Watanabe, Satoshi*

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2019/05

In this research program, cladding oxidation model in SFP accident condition, and numerical simulation method to evaluate capability of spray cooling system which was deployed for spent fuel cooling during SFP accident, have been developed. These were introduced into the severe accident codes such as MAAP and SAMPSON, and SFP accident analyses were conducted. Analyses using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code were conducted as well for the comparison with SA code analyses and investigation of detail in the SFP accident. In addition, three-dimensional criticality analysis method was developed as well, and safer loading pattern of spent fuels in pool was investigated.

Journal Articles

Study on loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accidents in spent fuel pool, 5; Investigation of cooling effects of SFP spray and alternate water injection with MAAP code

Nishimura, Satoshi*; Satake, Masaaki*; Nishi, Yoshihisa*; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2019/05

In this study, accident progression analyses in the SFP were performed to investigate cooling effects of the SFP spray and an alternate water injection in the loss-of-pool water accident with MAAP ver. 5.05 beta. Fuel cladding oxidation model which was created by JAEA based on their experimental data was selected and applied in the present calculations. In case of an assessment of SFP spray effects, decay heat, spray fraction going into the fuel assembly, spray droplet diameter, spray start time were selected as analytical parameters. When the SFP spray of 12.5 kg/s (200 GPM) starts 4 hours after the onset of the accident against the spent fuels with 4 months cooling and if the spray fraction going into the fuel assembly is greater than 30%, the maximum cladding temperature can be maintained under 727$$^{circ}$$C (1000 K), resulting in avoiding the cladding failure.

Journal Articles

Study on loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accidents in spent fuel pool, 6; Analysis on oxidation behavior of fuel cladding tubes by the SAMPSON code

Morita, Yoshihiro*; Suzuki, Hiroaki*; Naito, Masanori*; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2019/05

In this study, the SAMPSON code was modified to evaluate severe accidents in a spent fuel pool (SFP). Not only the SFP but also upper spaces of the SFP, walls of the reactor building, and the blowout panel were included. Air oxidation models obtained by the Zircaroy-4 cladding (ANL model) and the Zircaroy-2 cladding (JAEA model) were included in the modified SAMPSON code. Experiments done by Sandia National Laboratory using simulated fuel assemblies equivalent to those of an actual BWR plant were analyzed by the modified SAMPSON code to confirm the functions for analysis of the severe SFP accidents.

Journal Articles

Study on loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accidents in spent fuel pool, 7; Analysis on effectiveness of spray cooling by the SAMPSON code

Suzuki, Hiroaki*; Morita, Yoshihiro*; Naito, Masanori*; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Nagatake, Taku; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2019/05

In this paper, modification of the SAMPSON code was carried out to enable the analysis of spray cooling. The SAMPSON analysis of a spray cooling experiment was performed to confirm reproducibility of spray cooling behavior of fuel claddings. The modified SAMPSON code was applied to a hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident analysis of the SFP. Effectiveness of spray cooling on cladding temperature behavior was investigated. The SAMPSON analysis showed that spraying from the top of the SFP was effective for cooling the fuel assemblies exposed to the gas phase.

Journal Articles

Study on loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accidents in spent fuel pool, 8; Safety margin of spent fuel in large LOCA event by the simple assessment method

Someya, Takayuki*; Chitose, Hiromasa*; Watanabe, Satoshi*; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2019/05

In this study, CFD analysis has been conducted for the assessment of spent fuel integrity in large LOCA event and the maximum temperature of spent fuel assemblies has been evaluated. Then, it has been compared with the result of the simple assessment method. As a case study, additional CFD analysis has been conducted, where water level in SFP decreases to the Bottom of Active Fuel (BAF) due to boil-off. Since this scenario might be more severe than large LOCA scenario, the number of spent fuel assemblies, their decay heat and loading pattern to maintain spent fuel integrity are investigated.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of the effect of spent fuel layout on SFP cooling with MAAP5.04

Nishimura, Satoshi*; Satake, Masaaki*; Nishi, Yoshihisa*; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki

Proceedings of 11th Korea-Japan Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS-11) (Internet), 3 Pages, 2018/11

After the accident of Fukushima-unit 1 Nuclear Power Plant, Japanese utilities are newly requested by regulatory body to take prompt measures to enhance the safety of spent fuel pool. The most important objective of this new Japanese standards of regulation is keeping a water level in a Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) under any situations in order to prevent fuel failures due to increase of fuel temperature and to avoid the occurrence of re-criticality accidents. The utilities are considered to install several kinds of safety measures for SFP. For example, a spray injection and an alternate water injection to keep pool water level, and a spent fuel layout, such as 1 by 4, 1 by 8, checkerboard to enhance cooling of the spent fuel in SFP. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of spent fuel layout on SFP cooling with MAAP5.04.

Journal Articles

Study on oxidation model for Zircalloy-2 cladding in SFP accident condition

Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Onizawa, Takashi*; Kanazawa, Toru*; Nakashima, Kazuo*; Tojo, Masayuki*

Proceedings of Annual Congress of the European Federation of Corrosion (EUROCORR 2018) (USB Flash Drive), 8 Pages, 2018/09

The authors proposed oxidation models based on oxidation data which previously obtained in high temperature oxidation tests on small sample of Zircalloy-2 (Zry2) cladding in dry air and in air/steam mixture environment. The oxidation models were implemented in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code to analyse oxidation behavior of long cladding sample in hypothetical spent fuel pool (SFP) accident conditions. The oxidation tests were conducted using Zry2 cladding sample 500 mm in length. The oxide layer growth in dry air was well reproduced in the calculation using the oxidation model, meanwhile which in air/steam mixture was overestimated atmosphere composition change anticipated in the spent fuel rack during the accident, and its influence on the oxidation behaviour of the cladding were discussed in consideration of the oxidation model improvement.

Journal Articles

Influence of the air/steam mixing ratio in atmosphere on zirconium cladding oxidation in spent fuel pool accident condition

Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Ogawa, Chihiro*; Nakashima, Kazuo*; Tojo, Masayuki*

Proceedings of 2017 Water Reactor Fuel Performance Meeting (WRFPM 2017) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2017/09

To cope with the hypothetical severe accident in spent fuel pools (SFPs), it is important to understand the high temperature oxidation behavior of the Zirconium claddings exposed in the air or in the atmosphere of air/steam mixture. In this study, oxidation tests on Zircaloy-2 (Zry2) and Zircaloy-4 (Zry4) short samples were conducted in the atmosphere of air - steam mixture, and mixing ratio was varied to evaluate its influence on the oxidation kinetics in the temperature range from 600 to 1100$$^{circ}$$C. From 900 to 1000$$^{circ}$$C for Zry2, and from 800 to 1000$$^{circ}$$C for Zry4, oxidation rates appeared higher in air - steam mixture than in dry air or in steam without air. This tendency was appeared more evident in post-breakaway transition phase after fracture of dense oxide layer on the surface of specimens. These results suggest importance of the oxidation model development in consideration of the air - steam mixture environment for the SFP accident analysis.

Journal Articles

Creep damage evaluations for BWR lower head in severe accident

Katsuyama, Jinya; Yamaguchi, Yoshihito; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Osaka, Masahiko

Transactions of 24th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-24) (USB Flash Drive), 11 Pages, 2017/08

It is difficult to assess rupture behavior of the lower head of reactor pressure vessel in boiling-water-type nuclear power plants due to severe accident like Fukushima Daiichi because Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) lower heads have geometrically complicated structure with a lot of penetrations. Therefore, we have been developing an analysis method to predict time and location of RPV lower head rupture of BWRs considering creep damage mechanisms based on coupled analysis of three-dimensional Thermal-Hydraulics (TH) and thermal-elastic-plastic-creep analyses. In this study, we performed creep damage evaluations to investigate the effects of the debris depth and heat generation locations on failure behavior of lower head. From the analysis results, we discussed the outflow paths of the relocated molten core to the containment, and it was concluded that failure regions of BWR lower head are only the control rod guide tubes or stub tubes under simulated conditions.

Journal Articles

Investigation of Zircaloy-2 oxidation model for SFP accident analysis

Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Ogawa, Chihiro; Kondo, Keietsu; Nakashima, Kazuo*; Kanazawa, Toru*; Tojo, Masayuki*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 488, p.22 - 32, 2017/05

AA2016-0383.pdf:0.86MB

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:19.91(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

The authors previously conducted thermogravimetric analyses on zircaloy-2 in air. By using the thermogravimetric data, an oxidation model was constructed in this study so that it can be applied for the modeling of cladding degradation in spent fuel pool (SFP) severe accident condition. For its validation, oxidation tests of long cladding tube were conducted, and computational fluid dynamics analyses using the constructed oxidation model were proceeded to simulate the experiments. In the oxidation tests, high temperature thermal gradient along the cladding axis was applied and air flow rates in testing chamber were controlled to simulate hypothetical SFP accidents. The analytical outputs successfully reproduced the growth of oxide film and porous oxide layer on the claddings in oxidation tests, and validity of the oxidation model was proved. Influence of air flow rate for the oxidation behavior was thought negligible in the conditions investigated in this study.

153 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)