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JAEA Reports

Disassembly of the NBI system on JT-60U for JT-60 SA

Akino, Noboru; Endo, Yasuei; Hanada, Masaya; Kawai, Mikito*; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi*; Kojima, Atsushi; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Nemoto, Shuji; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2014-042, 73 Pages, 2015/02

JAEA-Technology-2014-042.pdf:15.1MB

According to the project plan of JT-60 Super Advanced that is implemented as an international project between Japan and Europe, the neutral beam (NB) injectors have been disassembled. The disassembly of the NB injectors started in November, 2009 and finished in January, 2012 without any serious problems as scheduled. This reports the disassembly activities of the NB injectors.

Journal Articles

Irradiation test progress for the ITER maintenance robot

Noguchi, Yuto; Anzai, Katsunori; Kozaka, Hiroshi; Aburadani, Atsushi; Kazawa, Minoru; Takeda, Nobukazu; Kakudate, Satoshi

Dai-31-Kai Nihon Robotto Gakkai Gakujutsu Koenkai Yokoshu (DVD-ROM), 2 Pages, 2013/09

BB2013-1301.pdf:0.22MB

Journal Articles

Progress in development and design of the neutral beam injector for JT-60SA

Hanada, Masaya; Kojima, Atsushi; Tanaka, Yutaka; Inoue, Takashi; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Taniguchi, Masaki; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 86(6-8), p.835 - 838, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:64.25(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Neutral beam (NB) injectors for JT-60 Super Advanced (JT-60SA) have been designed and developed. Twelve positive-ion-based and one negative-ion-based NB injectors are allocated to inject 30 MW D$$^{0}$$ beams in total for 100 s. Each of the positive-ion-based NB injector is designed to inject 1.7 MW for 100s at 85 keV. A part of the power supplies and magnetic shield utilized on JT-60U are upgraded and reused on JT-60SA. To realize the negative-ion-based NB injector for JT-60SA where the injection of 500 keV, 10 MW D$$^{0}$$ beams for 100s is required, R&Ds of the negative ion source have been carried out. High-energy negative ion beams of 490-500 keV have been successfully produced at a beam current of 1-2.8 A through 20% of the total ion extraction area, by improving voltage holding capability of the ion source. This is the first demonstration of a high-current negative ion acceleration of $$>$$1 A to 500 keV. The design of the power supplies and the beamline is also in progress. The procurement of the acceleration power supply starts in 2010.

Journal Articles

Development of the JT-60SA Neutral Beam Injectors

Hanada, Masaya; Kojima, Atsushi; Inoue, Takashi; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Taniguchi, Masaki; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; Kazawa, Minoru; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 1390, p.536 - 544, 2011/09

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:84.85

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Achievement of 500 keV negative ion beam acceleration on JT-60U negative-ion-based neutral beam injector

Kojima, Atsushi; Hanada, Masaya; Tanaka, Yutaka*; Kawai, Mikito*; Akino, Noboru; Kazawa, Minoru; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Usui, Katsutomi; Sasaki, Shunichi; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 51(8), p.083049_1 - 083049_8, 2011/08

 Times Cited Count:51 Percentile:88.57(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Hydrogen negative ion beams of 490 keV, 3 A and 510 keV, 1 A have been successfully produced in the JT-60 negative ion source with three acceleration stages. These successful productions of the high-energy beams at high current have been achieved by overcoming the most critical issue, i.e., a poor voltage holding of the large negative ion sources with the grids of 2 m$$^{2}$$ for JT-60SA and ITER. To improve voltage holding capability, the breakdown voltages for the large grids was examined for the first time. It was found that a vacuum insulation distance for the large grids was 6-7 times longer than that for the small-area grid (0.02 m$$^{2}$$). From this result, the gap lengths between the grids were tuned in the JT-60 negative ion source. The modification of the ion source also realized a significant stabilization of voltage holding and a short conditioning time. These results suggest a practical use of the large negative ion sources in JT-60SA and ITER.

Journal Articles

Demonstration of 500 keV beam acceleration on JT-60 negative-ion-based neutral beam injector

Kojima, Atsushi; Hanada, Masaya; Tanaka, Yutaka*; Kawai, Mikito*; Akino, Noboru; Kazawa, Minoru; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Usui, Katsutomi; Sasaki, Shunichi; et al.

Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2011/03

Hydrogen negative ion beams of 490keV, 3A and 510 keV, 1A have been successfully produced in the JT-60 negative ion source with three acceleration stages. These successful productions of the high-energy beams at high current have been achieved by overcoming the most critical issue, i.e., a poor voltage holding of the large negative ion sources with the grids of $$sim$$ 2 m$$^{2}$$ for JT-60SA and ITER. To improve voltage holding capability, the breakdown voltages for the large grids was examined for the first time. It was found that a vacuum insulation distance for the large grids was 6-7 times longer than that for the small-area grid (0.02 m$$^{2}$$). From this result, the gap lengths between the grids were tuned in the JT-60 negative ion source. The modification of the ion source also realized a significant stabilization of voltage holding and a short conditioning time. These results suggest a practical use of the large negative ion sources in JT-60 SA and ITER.

Journal Articles

Development and design of the negative-ion-based NBI for JT-60 Super Advanced

Hanada, Masaya; Akino, Noboru; Endo, Yasuei; Inoue, Takashi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Komata, Masao; Kojima, Atsushi; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; et al.

Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research SERIES, Vol.9, p.208 - 213, 2010/08

A large negative ion source with an ion extraction area of 110 cm $$times$$ 45 cm has been developed to produce 500 keV, 22 A D$$^{-}$$ ion beams required for JT-60 Super Advanced. To realize the JT-60SA negative ion source, the JT-60 negative ion source has been modified and tested on the negative-ion-based neutral beam injector on JT-60U. A 500 keV H$$^{-}$$ ion beam has been produced at 3 A without a significant degradation of beam optics. This is the first demonstration of a high energy negative ion acceleration of more than one-ampere to 500 keV in the world. The beam current density of 90 A/m$$^{2}$$ is being increased to meet 130 A/m$$^{2}$$ of the design value for JT-60SA by tuning the operation parameters. A long pulse injection of 30 s has been achieved at a injection D$$^{0}$$ power of 3 MW. The injection energy, defined as the product of the injection time and power, reaches 80 MJ by neutralizing a 340 keV, 27 A D$$^{-}$$ ion beam produced with two negative ion sources.

JAEA Reports

Modification of the drift ducts reionization loss estimation for JT-60U NBI

Kawai, Mikito; Akino, Noboru; Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Ebisawa, Noboru; Honda, Atsushi; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Noto, Katsuya; Oshima, Katsumi; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2008-069, 32 Pages, 2008/10

JAEA-Technology-2008-069.pdf:6.75MB

The neutral beam injection system for JT-60U consists of positive-ion based type(P-NBI) and negative-ion based type(N-NBI). The reionization losses of neutral beams in the drift ducts of both P-NBI and N-NBI are estimated using the data of ambient pressure and gas flow rate into the beamlines. This system was not enough to obtain detail injection power for a long pulse operation. Modifications of the system to obtain reionization loss for a long pulse operation have been conducted. The new system has a capability to measure the pressures of drift duct during operation. The system can calculate the reionization loss automatically during the pulse from the measured pressure. More acurate injection power can be obtained by this new system.

Journal Articles

Recent R&D activities of negative-ion-based ion source for JT-60SA

Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Hanada, Masaya; Kamada, Masaki; Kobayashi, Kaoru; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Inoue, Takashi; Honda, Atsushi; Kawai, Mikito; et al.

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 36(4), p.1519 - 1529, 2008/08

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:41.29(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

The JT-60SA N-NBI system is required to inject 10 MW for 100 s at 500 keV. Three key issues should be solved for the JT-60SA N-NBI ion source. One is to improve the voltage holding capability. Recent R&D tests suggested that the accelerator with a large area of grids may need a high margin in the design of electric field and a long time for conditioning. The second issue is to reduce the grid power loading. It was found that some beamlets were strongly deflected due to beamlet-beamlet interaction and strike on the grounded grid. The grids are to be designed by taking account of beamlet-beamlet interaction in three-dimensional simulation. Third is to maintain the D- production for 100 s. A simple cooling structure is proposed for the active cooled plasma grid, where a key is the temperature gradient on the plasma grid for uniform D- production. The modified N-NBI ion source will start on JT-60SA in 2015.

Journal Articles

Long pulse production of high current D$$^{-}$$ ion beams in the JT-60 negative ion source

Hanada, Masaya; Kamada, Masaki; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Honda, Atsushi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; et al.

Review of Scientific Instruments, 79(2), p.02A519_1 - 02A519_4, 2008/02

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:32.39(Instruments & Instrumentation)

A long pulse production of high-current, high-energy D$$^{-}$$ ion beams was studied in the JT-60U negative ion source that was designed to produce 22 A, 500 keV D$$^{-}$$ ion beams. Prior to the long pulse production, the short pulse beams were produced to examine operational ranges for a stable voltage holding capability and an allowable grid power loading. From a correlation between the voltage holding capability and a light intensity of cathodoluminescence from the insulator made of Fiber Reinforced Plastic insulator, the voltage holding was found to be stable at $$<$$ 340 kV where the light was sufficiently suppressed. The grid power loading for the long pulse operation was also decreased to the allowable level of $$<$$ 1 MW without a significant reduction of the beam power by tuning the extraction voltage (Vext) and the arc power (Parc). These allow the production of 30 A D$$^{-}$$ ion beams at 340 keV from two ion sources at Vacc = 340 kV. The pulse length was extended step by step, and finally reached up to 21 s, where the beam pulse length was limited by the surface temperature of the beam scraper without water cooling. The D$$^{-}$$ ion beams were neutralized to via a gas cell, resulting in a long pulse injection of 3.2 MW D$$^{0}$$ beams for 21 s. This is the first long injection of $$>$$ 20 s in a power range of $$>$$ 3 MW.

Journal Articles

Technical design of NBI system for JT-60SA

Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Hanada, Masaya; Inoue, Takashi; Honda, Atsushi; Kamada, Masaki; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 82(5-14), p.791 - 797, 2007/10

 Times Cited Count:20 Percentile:79.69(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Modification of JT-60U to a superconducting device (so called JT-60SA) has been planned to contribute to ITER and DEMO. The NBI system is required to inject 34 MW for 100 s. The upgraded NBI system consists of twelve positive ion based NBI (P-NBI) units and one negative ion based NBI (N-NBI) unit. The injection power of the P-NBI units are 2 MW each at 85 keV, and the N-NBI unit will be 10 MW at 500 keV, respectively. On JT-60U, the long pulse operation of 30 s at 2 MW (85 keV) and 20 s at 3.2 MW (320 keV) have been achieved on P-NBI and N-NBI units, respectively. Since the temperature increase of the cooling water in both ion sources is saturated within 20 s, further pulse extension up to 100 s is expected to mainly modify the power supply systems in addition to modification of the N-NBI ion source for high acceleration voltage. The detailed technical design of the NBI system for JT-60SA is presented.

JAEA Reports

Preliminary design of beamline components for JT-60SA NBI heating system

Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Kazawa, Minoru; Komata, Masao; Kawai, Mikito; Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Otsuki, Shinichi*; Sato, Fujio*

JAEA-Technology 2007-025, 37 Pages, 2007/03

JAEA-Technology-2007-025.pdf:6.84MB

The modification of the beamline components for JT-60SA NBI heating system has been preliminarily studied by means of three-dimensional Computer Aided Design (CAD) technique, such as the connection between positive ion-based NBI (P-NBI) port and the cryostat of JT-60SA vacuum vessel, an additional magnetic shielding plate, the down-shift of the negative ion-based NBI (N-NBI), and disassembly of the present NBI system. The length of drift duct for JT-60SA is to be shorted because the cryostat is to be inserted between the JT-60SA vacuum vessel and the P-NBI beamline. It is found that the removal of the fast shutter and a newly designed connection flange made of FRP is a solution to keep the same function in the shorten drift duct. The position interference with the 3D CAD indicates that the available space between the neutralizer cell and the ion tank is 30 mm, which is enough space to install a thick mild steel to avoid the magnetic saturation. On the N-NBI, the down-shift of 0.6 m is realized by shorting the basement of ion tank, reversing the shaft of the movable calorimeter and exchanging the support structure of the neutralizer cell. Moreover, the minimum dissection components and the disassembly procedure have been proposed to effectively disassemble the present NBI system.

JAEA Reports

Preliminary thermal analyses of the beamline components in JT-60SA neutral beam injection system

Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Kazawa, Minoru; Hanada, Masaya; Ikeda, Yoshitaka

JAEA-Technology 2007-023, 41 Pages, 2007/03

JAEA-Technology-2007-023.pdf:10.41MB

In JT-60 Super Advanced (JT-60 SA) where the first plasma will be in 2014, D$$^{0}$$ beams of 10 MW are designed to be injected for 100 s. The negative-ion-based neutral beam injection (N-NBI) system in JT-60U will be upgraded from existing JT-60U N-NBI system while the modification of existing components should be minimized. The feasibility on the further long pulse operation of the existing beamline components in the JT-60U N-NBI system, which has successfully injected 3.2 MW for 21 s, has been studied. The thermal characteristic of the beamline components during long pulse operation was estimated by a three-dimension analysis code (AMPS). As the result, it is found that most of the beamline components except for the 4th beam limiter without water cooling and a plasma grid and acceleration grids in the negative ion source are to be available without modification in the JT-60 SA N-NBI system. For the 4th beam limiter, the water cooling is required to withstand the power loading. For the acceleration grids, the power loading of the grounded grid should be reduced to a half of the present value to realize a 10 MW injection for 100 s.

Journal Articles

Present status of the negative ion based NBI system for long pulse operation on JT-60U

Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Grisham, L. R.*; Hanada, Masaya; Honda, Atsushi; Inoue, Takashi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 46(6), p.S211 - S219, 2006/06

 Times Cited Count:58 Percentile:87.29(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Recently, the extension of the pulse duration up to 30 sec has been intended to study quasi-steady state plasma on JT-60U N-NBI system. The most serious issue is to reduce the heat load on the grids for long pulse operation. Two modifications have been proposed to reduce the heat load. One is to suppress the beam spread which may be caused by beamlet-beamlet interaction in the multi-aperture grid due to the space charge force. Thin plates were attached on the extraction grid to modify the local electric field. The plate thickness was optimized to steer the beamlet deflection. The other is to reduce the stripping loss, where the electron of the negative ion beam is stripped and accelerated in the ion source and then collides with the grids. The ion source was modified to reduce the pressure in the accelerator column to suppress the beam-ion stripping loss. Up to now, long pulse injection of 17 sec for 1.6 MW and 25 sec for $$sim$$1 MW has been obtained by one ion source with these modifications.

Journal Articles

Beam deflection by plasma grid filter current in the negative-ion source for JT-60U neutral beam injection system

Umeda, Naotaka; Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Hanada, Masaya; Inoue, Takashi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Oga, Tokumichi

Review of Scientific Instruments, 77(3), p.03A529_1 - 03A529_3, 2006/03

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:34.05(Instruments & Instrumentation)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Recent progress of negative ion based neutral beam injector for JT-60U

Umeda, Naotaka; Yamamoto, Takumi; Hanada, Masaya; Grisham, L. R.*; Kawai, Mikito; Oga, Tokumichi; Akino, Noboru; Inoue, Takashi; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 74(1-4), p.385 - 390, 2005/11

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:53.26(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In negative ion based neutral beam injector (N-NBI) for JT-60U, some modifications for extent pulse duration from 10 second, which is design value, to 30 second was conducted. Main limit to prevent pulse extension was heat loads onto grounded grid in an ion source and onto beam limiter placed at 22 m from the ion source. To reduce these heat loads, beam extraction area was optimized and the limiter was changed to one which had about twice thermal capacity. As a result of these modifications, the temperature rise of the water which was cooling grounded grid could be suppressed under 40 degree, which can operate in steady state condition. The temperature rise of the limiter could be restricted to 60%. Untill now the beam pulse extended to 17 second of 1.6MW power at 366keV energy, and injection of 30 seconds will be achieved in next experiment.

Journal Articles

Long pulse operation for JT-60U NBI system

Ebisawa, Noboru; Akino, Noboru; Kazawa, Minoru; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Seki, Norikazu*; Oga, Tokumichi; Ikeda, Yoshitaka

Heisei-16-Nendo Osaka Daigaku Sogo Gijutsu Kenkyukai Hokokushu (CD-ROM), 4 Pages, 2005/03

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Improvement of negative ion source on the JT-60U N-NBI system

Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Komata, Masao; Umeda, Naotaka; Ikeda, Yoshitaka

Heisei-16-Nendo Osaka Daigaku Sogo Gijutsu Kenkyukai Hokokushu (CD-ROM), 4 Pages, 2005/03

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Present status of development on 500keV negative ion source

Yamamoto, Takumi; Oga, Tokumichi; Kawai, Mikito; Akino, Noboru; Kazawa, Minoru; Umeda, Naotaka

Heisei-16-Nen Denki Gakkai Zenkoku Taikai Koen Rombunshu, 219 Pages, 2004/00

In JAERI, 10 MW and 500 keV negative-ion based neutral beam injection (N-NBI) system for JT-60U was constructed in 1996, in order to study a plasma heating and current drive in high-density plasma by high-energy beam injection. Thereafter, improvement of beam performance has been carried out while N-NBI system was available for experiments on JT-60U. The maximum beam energy of 418 keV and the maximum injection power of 6.2 MW have been achieved with a hydrogen beam, so far. In addition, 10 seconds of injection pulse duration, which is the designed value, was attained at the injection power of 2.6MW. Further improvement is required for the performance to reach to the final targets. It was made it clear that the performance was limited by the withstanding voltage of acceleration and heat load on acceleration grids in the ion source.

Journal Articles

Progress of negative ion source improvement in N-NBI for JT-60U

Kawai, Mikito; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Grisham, L. R.*; Hanada, Masaya; Honda, Atsushi; Inoue, Takashi; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi*; Kuriyama, Masaaki; et al.

Fusion Science and Technology, 44(2), p.508 - 512, 2003/09

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:36.82(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The negative ion source for negative ion based neutral beam injector(N-NBI) of JT-60U aims at generating a negative ion beam with 500 keV and 22A for 10s. The N-NBI system was completed in 1996, followed by starting the efforts to increase beam power and energy. (1)Spatial non-uniformity of the source plasma causes position-dependent divergence of a beamlet due to mis-matching of local beam perveance. A part of the divergent energetic beams is intercepted by the grids and resultantly produce the excessive heat load of the grids and/or induce the high voltage breakdown. So several techniques to take measures against and to correct the non-uniformity in these sources were implemented. (2)Correction of beamlet deflection by adjusting the electric field at the extraction grids. It improved the beam divergence and then decreased an excessive heat load of a beam limiter by more than 50 %. As a result, the maximum injection power 6.2MW and beam pulse duration 10 seconds were obtaind.

61 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)