Effect of starch retrogradation on molecular dynamics of cooked rice by quasi-elastic neutron scattering

Hirata, Yoshinobu*; Nakagawa, Hiroshi; Yamauchi, Hiroki; Kaneko, Koji; Hagihara, Masato; Yamaguchi, Hideyuki*; Omoto, Chie*; Katsuno, Nakako*; Imaizumi, Teppei*; Nishizu, Takahisa*

Food Hydrocolloids, 141, p.108728_1 - 108728_7, 2023/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108728

Crystallinity is reflected in the mechanical properties of foods and materials. Crystallinity should be related to the structural dynamics of starch. In this study, we used quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to investigate changes in the molecular dynamics of cooked rice starch during retrogradation. The width of the measured QENS narrowed with retrogradation. The elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) increased, which indicated that the molecular dynamics are spatially suppressed upon retrogradation. Analysis of EISF with a bimodal continuous diffusion model, where low and high mobilities are assumed to correspond to crystalline and amorphous phases, respectively, showed that the fraction of the low-mobility component increases with retrogradation.

Nanoscopic structure of borosilicate glass with additives for nuclear waste vitrification

Motokawa, Ryuhei; Kaneko, Koji; Oba, Yojiro; Nagai, Takayuki; Okamoto, Yoshihiro; Kobayashi, Taishi*; Kumada, Takayuki; Heller, W. T.*

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 578, p.121352_1 - 121352_7, 2022/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121352

Emergent phenomena in perovskite-type manganites

Taguchi, Yasujiro*; Sakai, Hideaki*; Okuyama, Daisuke*; Ishiwata, Shintaro*; Fujioka, Jun*; Fukuda, Tatsuo; Hashizume, Daisuke*; Kagawa, Fumitaka*; Takahashi, Yoichiro*; Shimano, Ryo*; et al.

Physica B; Condensed Matter, 407(11), p.1685 - 1688, 2012/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2012.01.006

The Effect of temperature on the response of alanine dosimeters under low dose and long time irradiation

Nagao, Yuto; Seito, Hajime; Momoki, Yohei*; Kaneko, Hirohisa; Nakagawa, Kazumichi*; Kojima, Takuji

Radioisotopes, 61(4), p.173 - 177, 2012/04

https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.61.173

Applications of alanine dosimeter are widen to dosimetry in space environment and so on. The effect of temperature during and after irradiation between 20C and 80C on the dose response of alanine dosimeters was investigated under low dose of about 10 - 20 Gy and long time of about 100 hours irradiations. When a stable component of the dose response under high irradiation temperature is estimated on the basis of the effect of storage temperature after irradiation taking into account the known irradiation temperature coefficient, dose evaluation using alanine dosimeter should be more accurate even suffering from combined temperature effects during and after irradiation.

Measurements of double-differential neutron-production cross-sections for the Be(p,xn) and Be(d,xn) reactions at 10 MeV

Iwamoto, Yosuke; Sakamoto, Yukio; Matsuda, Norihiro; Nakane, Yoshihiro; Ochiai, Kentaro; Kaneko, Hirohisa; Niita, Koji*; Shibata, Tokushi; Nakashima, Hiroshi

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 598(3), p.687 - 695, 2009/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.10.019

Double-differential neutron-production cross-sections of a thin beryllium target bombarded with 10 MeV protons and deuterons were measured. Neutron energy spectra in the range above 1.8 MeV were obtained by a time-of-flight method at angles of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 degrees. Monte Carlo calculations with the PHITS code were performed using the evaluated nuclear data files ENDF/B-VII, the Bertini/GEM model and the JQMD/GEM model, and compared with the experimental results. It was found that the calculated results using ENDF/B-VII and Bertini/GEM for the Be(p,xn) reaction and JQMD/GEM for the Be(d,xn) reaction roughly agreed with the experimental results.

High-pressure structural study on amorphous materials using cBN anvils

Hattori, Takanori; Saito, Hiroyuki; Kaneko, Hiroshi; Okajima, Yuka; Aoki, Katsutoshi; Utsumi, Wataru

KEK Proceedings 2007-7, p.56 - 60, 2007/12

We introduce high-pressure study on amorphous materials using a multi-anvils press equipped with the X-ray transparent cBN anvils. First, we mention merits of the angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction system compared with the conventional energy-dispersive system. Next, we show the results of the verification of the high-pressure formation of the elemental bulk metallic glass as an example. Finally, the characteristics of X-ray absorption are shown both for the combinational sintered diamond anvils and the presently used cBN anvils.

Measurement of internal strain in materials using high energy synchrotron radiation white X-rays

Shibano, Junichi*; Shobu, Takahisa; Suzuki, Kenji*; Hirata, Tomoyuki*; Kaneko, Hiroshi; Kobayashi, Michiaki*

Zairyo, 56(10), p.985 - 992, 2007/10

https://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.56.985

This paper presents a basic research on a measurement of strain in the bulk of materials by using high energy white X-rays from a synchrotron radiation source of SPring-8. WEL-TEN780E (JIS G3128 SHY685) whose grain size was 0.013 mm was used as a specimen. The specimen was loaded with four point bending. The white X-ray beam, which has a height of 0.05 mm and width of 0.03 mm, was incident in it. Bending strain at the surface of specimen was measured by a strain gauge. The internal strain of SHY685 of 5 mm thickness could be evaluated using white X-rays which range of energy from 60 keV to 150 keV. Furthermore, the measurement error of strain could be decreased by using the diffracted X-rays with high energy, high peak count and the profile which is close to Gaussian curve. The results showed that the high energy white X-ray is effective for internal strain measurements.

Development of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction system for hydrostatic-pressure and low-temperature structural measurement and its application to the phase study of quasicrystals

Watanuki, Tetsu; Machida, Akihiko; Ikeda, Tomohiro*; Omura, Ayako*; Kaneko, Hiroshi; Aoki, Katsutoshi; Sato, Taku*; Tsai, A. P.*

Philosophical Magazine, 87(18-21), p.2905 - 2911, 2007/06

https://doi.org/10.1080/14786430701358707

We have constructed a single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction system to precisely study the structure under hydrostatic pressure conditions at low temperatures and applied it to a study on the phase transition phenomena of a Cd-Yb periodic approximant and a Cd-Yb quasicrystal. Four phases were newly observed for the 1/1 approximant crystal in a span up to 5.2 GPa and down to 10 K. The innermost part of the atomic clusters of Cd tetrahedra exhibited various orientational ordering sensitively depending on pressure and temperature. High pressure diffraction measurements using a highly parallel synchrotron X-ray beam and a hydrostatically compressed single crystal enabled us to detect the weak diffractions due to the subtle structural changes.

Strain measurements using high energy white X-rays at SPring-8

Shobu, Takahisa; Kaneko, Hiroshi; Mizuki, Junichiro; Konishi, Hiroyuki; Shibano, Junichi*; Hirata, Tomoyuki*; Suzuki, Kenji*

AIP Conference Proceedings 879, p.1581 - 1585, 2007/01

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2436368

The third generation synchrotron X-ray source such as SPring-8 provides us intense beams of high energy X-rays. The techniques of non-destructive internal residual stress measurement for industrial applications are well established by angle dispersive diffractometry with high energy synchrotron radiation and provide valuable information. The energy dispersive diffraction techniques using white radiation is the advantage of a stress measurement compared with the angular dispersive one. For example, the multitudes of reflections recorded in one spectrum offers additional information that can be used for stress gradient evaluation. The purpose of present study is to apply high energy white X-rays to the measurement of the residual strain in the bulk specimen. The experiment was carried out on the beamline BL14B1 at SPring-8. A diffraction pattern was collected by a Ge Solid State Detector (SSD) mounted on the arm of a 2-axes diffractometer behind two sets of secondary collimating slits. The beam size of white X-rays was 0.05 0.3 mm. The specimens were JIS-S45C carbon steel and JIS-SUS304 austenitic stainless steel with a thickness of 5mm. The bending stress was applied with the four-point bending and the strain at the surface of the specimen was measured by a strain gauge as shown in the figure. X-rays diffraction measurement was carried out simultaneously. The figure shows each diffraction profile of SUS304 taken with white X-rays. The strain was calculated by the ratio of the energy shift to the peak energy. Though many peaks appeared in every measured positions Y, each diffraction pattern depended on the number and the orientation of crystal grains in irradiated volume by X-rays. The calculated strain by using a single peak is depending on peak quality. The accurate internal stress can be obtained with white X-rays by selecting the peak at high energy, high peak counts and close to Gaussian peak profile.

Energy spectra of electrons induced by MeV atom clusters

Kudo, Hiroshi*; Iwasaki, Wataru*; Uchiyama, Rumi*; Tomita, Shigeo*; Shima, Kunihiro*; Sasa, Kimikazu*; Ishii, Satoshi*; Narumi, Kazumasa; Naramoto, Hiroshi; Saito, Yuichi; et al.

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 2, 45(22), p.L565 - L568, 2006/06

https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.45.L565

The first observation of the energy distribution of electrons emitted from solids bombarded by MeV atom clusters is reported. In the backward direction, using graphite and Si bombarded by C and Al (n 8), an appreciable suppression of electron emission has been observed at electron energies lower than 10 eV. Electron yield per atom decreases with increasing n, and becomes less than 50% at n 3, relative to the case of n = 1. The experimental results cannot be explained in terms of projectile stopping cross sections nor by the clearing-the-way effect. It is probable that the suppressed electron emission is a result of the suppression of the transport or surface transmission of the produced low-energy electrons, rather than of the suppression of ionization.