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Journal Articles

Thermally altered subsurface material of asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Kitazato, Kohei*; Milliken, R. E.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Matsuura, Shuji*; Takagi, Yasuhiko*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Hiroi, Takahiro*; Matsuoka, Moe*; et al.

Nature Astronomy (Internet), 5(3), p.246 - 250, 2021/03

 Times Cited Count:30 Percentile:96.87(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

Here we report observations of Ryugu's subsurface material by the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Reflectance spectra of excavated material exhibit a hydroxyl (OH) absorption feature that is slightly stronger and peak-shifted compared with that observed for the surface, indicating that space weathering and/or radiative heating have caused subtle spectral changes in the uppermost surface. However, the strength and shape of the OH feature still suggests that the subsurface material experienced heating above 300 $$^{circ}$$C, similar to the surface. In contrast, thermophysical modeling indicates that radiative heating does not increase the temperature above 200 $$^{circ}$$C at the estimated excavation depth of 1 m, even if the semimajor axis is reduced to 0.344 au. This supports the hypothesis that primary thermal alteration occurred due to radiogenic and/or impact heating on Ryugu's parent body.

Journal Articles

Consideration on stress corrosion cracking evaluation of zirconium for Fuel Reprocessing Facilities

Hashikura, Yasuaki*; Ishijima, Yasuhiro; Nakahara, Masaumi; Sano, Yuichi; Ueno, Fumiyoshi; Abe, Hitoshi

Hozengaku, 19(3), p.95 - 102, 2020/10

A plutonium concentrator was selected, and constant load tensile tests with controlled applied potentials and electrochemical tests were conducted in nitric acid and sodium nitrate solutions. From the results, a map which shows the effect of nitric acid concentration to crack initiation potential was drawn. And, it was pointed out that not only the nitric acid but also the nitrate ion coordinated to the nitrate must be considered in evaluating the possibility of stress corrosion cracking.

Journal Articles

Electrochemical properties of zirconium in highly concentrated plutonium nitrate solution

Nakahara, Masaumi; Sano, Yuichi; Abe, Hitoshi

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology (Internet), 5, p.52 - 55, 2018/11

For evaluating the secular change of Pu evaporator made of Zr in the commercialized nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, electrochemical experiments were carried out with Pu nitrate solutions. The open circuit potentials of Zr increased with increasing Pu, HNO$$_{3}$$ concentrations and temperature. However, these experimental results imply that Zr has high corrosion resistance in Pu nitrate solutions.

Journal Articles

Study on the deterioration mechanism of layered rock-salt electrodes using epitaxial thin films; Li(Ni, Co, Mn)O$$_{2}$$ and their Zr-O surface modified electrodes

Abe, Machiko*; Iba, Hideki*; Suzuki, Kota*; Minamishima, Hiroaki*; Hirayama, Masaaki*; Tamura, Kazuhisa; Mizuki, Junichiro*; Saito, Tomohiro*; Ikuhara, Yuichi*; Kanno, Ryoji*

Journal of Power Sources, 345, p.108 - 119, 2017/03

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:39.06(Chemistry, Physical)

The surface structure of the Li(Ni, Co, Mn)O$$_{2}$$ electrode was studied during charge/discharge process using electrochemical methods and X-ray/Neutron scattering techniques. It was found that during charge/discharge process the coverage of spinel structure increased. The spinel structure has low electrochemical activity and is not involved in Li insertion/extraction. After the surface modification, it was found that the coverage of the spinel structure did not increase. Further, it was also found out that the Li concentration at the electrode/electrolyte interface increased.

Journal Articles

DT neutronics benchmark experiment on lead at JAEA-FNS

Ochiai, Kentaro; Kondo, Keitaro; Onishi, Seiki; Takakura, Kosuke; Sato, Satoshi; Abe, Yuichi; Konno, Chikara; Suzuki, Chihiro*; Yagi, Takahiro*

Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 59(2), p.1953 - 1956, 2011/08

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:33.83(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Lead is an important candidate material as multiplier of nuclear fusion reactor. Few DT neutron integral benchmark experiments were performed for lead so far. Therefore, we have carried out an integral benchmark experiment on lead at the DT neutron source facility of JAEA, FNS. A cubic lead assembly on a side of 45.3 cm was set up and was irradiated with the DT neutron source. Reaction rates of the $$^{27}$$Al(n,$$alpha$$)$$^{24}$$Na, $$^{93}$$Nb(n,2n)$$^{rm 92m}$$Nb, $$^{90}$$Zr(n,2n)$$^{89}$$Zr and $$^{115}$$In(n,n')$$^{rm 115m}$$In reactions were measured as fast neutron spectrum indices in the assembly. A small NE213 spectrometer was also used for measurement of neutron spectra in the assembly. A Monte Carlo calculation code, MCNP5, was adopted to calculate the above neutron spectra and activation reaction rates. Nuclear data libraries, JENDL-3.3, ENDF/B-VII.0, JEFF-3.1 and FENDL-2.1, were used in the calculation. The calculation results of the three libraries except for JENDL-3.3 agreed with the measuring ones. In case of JENDL-3.3, some remarkable disagreements were found. From our investigations, it was pointed out that the inappropriate evaluation of the (n,2n) and inelastic cross sections of lead in JENDL-3.3 caused such disagreement.

Journal Articles

Performance testing of vapor-liquid equilibrium type of gas permeation source with vacuum balance

Hatano, Toshihisa; Hiratsuka, Hajime; Hasegawa, Koichi; Kaifuku, Yuichiro*; Abe, Tetsuya

Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan, 54(5), p.313 - 316, 2011/05

In the quantitative measure of air pollution gas and impurity gas in the aluminum recycle material etc, it is requested to show the amount of the gas directly by the weight value from the viewpoint of global standard. Therefore, standard gas sources expressed in units of weight are needed. The vapor-liquid equilibrium type of gas permeation sources (hereafter "P-tube") is used well in the atmosphere as calibration gas of the measuring equipment and a standard gas source for low concentration of gas. The study aims to estimate performance of P-tubes in the vacuum. Specifically, weight change of P-tubes were measured with the vacuum balance and at the same time concentration of gas constituents were also measured by Electron Ionization-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (hereafter, EI-QMS). The relation of both was examined. The prospect was obtained that the P-tube was able to be used as a standard gas source in the vacuum though the warming was needed.

Journal Articles

Prototype manufacturing of small tritium target inside JAEA

Tanaka, Shigeru; Abe, Yuichi; Kawabe, Masaru; Kutsukake, Chuzo; Oginuma, Yoshikazu; Yamada, Masayuki; Suzuki, Takumi; Yamanishi, Toshihiko; Konno, Chikara

Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research SERIES, Vol.9, p.338 - 341, 2010/08

We have conducted a small tritium target production R&D for FNS inside JAEA. The tritium target is produced by adsorbing tritium in a thin titanium layer. Since titanium is very active to oxygen, glow discharge cleaning was carried out to remove an oxidation film of the titanium surface. Through many tests with deuterium, we found out that it was not an oxidation film but humidity to disturb tritium absorption. The following procedures were necessary; (1) to outgas the inside of an absorption chamber, (2) to keep environmental humidity under 3% in handling the titanium-deposited substrate, (3) to keep the titanium-deposited target substrate in the vacuum. The DT neutron generation performance of the tritium target produced with the above procedures was the same as that with discharge cleaning. The manufacture condition of the small target was established.

Journal Articles

Measurement of reaction rate distribution in partial mockups for the ITER TBM with DT neutrons

Sato, Satoshi; Takakura, Kosuke; Ochiai, Kentaro; Kondo, Keitaro; Tatebe, Yosuke; Onishi, Seiki; Wada, Masayuki*; Kutsukake, Chuzo; Tanaka, Shigeru; Abe, Yuichi; et al.

Fusion Science and Technology, 56(1), p.227 - 231, 2009/07

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:10.23(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Previously DT neutronics experiments were performed by using partial blanket mockups for Japanese ITER test blanket module at JAEA FNS, and tritium production rates (TPR) inside blanket mockups were measured in details. The calculation with the nuclear data library FENDL-2.1 and Monte Carlo code MCNP4C agreed well with most of the measured TPRs within uncertainty of 10%. On the other hand, overestimations were found for the TPR in the experiment with a reflector and the TPR around the boundary between the rear part of the breeder layer and the beryllium layer by more than 10%. In order to confirm this concern, we measured reaction rate distribution in the partial blanket mockups with DT neutrons with two solid breeder blanket partial mockups, (Be/Li$$_{2}$$TiO$$_{3}$$/Be, SS316/Li$$_{2}$$TiO$$_{3}$$/SS316). Experiments were performed with and without a neutron source reflector. In order to measure reaction rate distributions, the activation foil method was applied using Nb and Au foils in this study. Experimental analyses were performed by MCNP4C with FENDL-2.1. Calculation results to experimental ones (C/Es) on the Au reaction rate with a reflector were larger than those without one. Detailed results are presented in this conference.

Journal Articles

D-T neutron streaming experiment simulating narrow gaps in ITER equatorial port

Ochiai, Kentaro; Sato, Satoshi; Wada, Masayuki*; Iida, Hiromasa; Takakura, Kosuke; Kutsukake, Chuzo; Tanaka, Shigeru; Abe, Yuichi; Konno, Chikara

Fusion Engineering and Design, 83(10-12), p.1725 - 1728, 2008/12

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:10.12(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Under the ITER/ITA task, we have conducted the neutron streaming experiment simulating narrow and deep gaps at boundaries between ITER vacuum vessel and equatorial port plugs. Micro fission chambers and some activation foils were utilized to measure fission rates and reaction rates to evaluate the relative fast and slow neutron fluences along the gap in the experimental assembly. The MCNP4C, TORT and Attila codes were used for the experimental analysis. From comparing our measurements and calculations, the following facts were found: (1) In case of a such narrow and deep gap structure, the calculation with MCNP, TORT and ATTILA codes and FENDL-2.1 is sufficient to predict fast neutron field inside the gap.: (2) Angular quadrature set of upward biased U315 and last collided source calculation on TORT and Attila were very important technique for accurate estimation of neutron transport.

Journal Articles

Establishment of a rearing system of the extremotolerant tardigrade ${it Ramazzottius varieornatus}$; A New model animal for astrobiology

Horikawa, Daiki*; Kunieda, Takekazu*; Abe, Wataru*; Watanabe, Masahiko*; Nakahara, Yuichi*; Yukuhiro, Fumiko*; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Wada, Seiichi*; Funayama, Tomoo; et al.

Astrobiology, 8(3), p.549 - 556, 2008/06

 Times Cited Count:90 Percentile:91.11(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

We report the successful rearing of the herbivorous tardigrade, ${it Ramazzottius varieornatus}$, by supplying the green alga ${it Chlorella vulgaris}$ as food. The life span was 35 d, deposited eggs required 5.7 d to hatch, and animals began to deposit eggs 9 d after hatching. The reared individuals of this species had an anhydrobiotic capacity throughout their life cycle in egg, juvenile, and adult stages. Furthermore, the reared adults in an anhydrobiotic state were tolerant of temperatures of 90$$^{circ}$$C and -196$$^{circ}$$C and exposure to 99.8% acetonitrile or irradiation with 4000 Gy $$^{4}$$He ions. Based on their life history traits and tolerance to extreme stresses, ${it R. varieornatus}$ might be a suitable model for astrobiological studies of multicellular organisms.

Journal Articles

Progress in neutronics studies for the water cooled pebble bed blanket

Nishitani, Takeo; Sato, Satoshi; Ochiai, Kentaro; Kutsukake, Chuzo; Tanaka, Shigeru; Abe, Yuichi; Konno, Chikara

Fusion Science and Technology, 52(4), p.791 - 795, 2007/11

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Thin slit streaming experiment for ITER by using D-T neutron source

Ochiai, Kentaro; Sato, Satoshi; Wada, Masayuki*; Kubota, Naoyoshi; Kondo, Keitaro; Yamauchi, Michinori; Abe, Yuichi; Nishitani, Takeo; Konno, Chikara

Fusion Engineering and Design, 82(15-24), p.2794 - 2798, 2007/10

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:37.26(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Neutron streaming experiments have been conducted by using the FNS D-T neutron source at Japan Atomic Energy Agency under the ITER/ITA Task 73-10 in order to evaluate effects of the slit on nuclear properties and validate prediction accuracies on numerical simulations. The experimental assembly with a slit of 2 cm in width and 55 cm in depth was prepared with two iron blocks of 30 cm in height, 100 cm in width and 55cm in thickness as first campaign. The slit was located in the 12-cm upper part from the D-T neutron source point. In order to evaluate distributions of the neutron fluxes along the slit as a function of the depth from the assembly surface, fission reaction rates were measured by U-238 and U-235 micro-fission chambers. The experimental accuracies of these fission reaction rates are within 5%. Monte-Carlo calculation code, MCNP-4c, was used to calculate the U-238 and U-235 reaction rates and neutron energy spectra due to each measured position. From our first experiment, the following facts were found: (1) At d = 20 and 40 cm, reaction rates on U-238, which represent fast neutron flux, decreased by about three orders of magnitude along slits with 50 cm in depth. Monte Carlo calculation results agree well with measured values within 6 %. (2) Reaction rates on U-235, which represent thermal neutron flux, decrease by about one order of magnitude along slits with 50 cm in depth. Values of C/E of U-238 and U-235 reaction rates were 1.10-1.22 and 1.10-1.23 respectively and the calculated values overestimated slightly.

Journal Articles

Neutronics experimental study on tritium production in solid breeder blanket mockup with neutron reflector

Sato, Satoshi; Verzilov, Y.*; Ochiai, Kentaro; Wada, Masayuki*; Kutsukake, Chuzo; Tanaka, Shigeru; Abe, Yuichi; Seki, Masakazu; Oginuma, Yoshikazu*; Kawabe, Masaru*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 44(4), p.657 - 663, 2007/04

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:54.96(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Neutronics experiments have been performed for the solid breeder blanket using a DT neutron source at the FNS facility in JAEA. We have applied the blanket mockup composed of two enriched Li$$_{2}$$TiO$$_{3}$$ and three beryllium layers, and measured the detailed spatial distribution of the tritium production rate (TPR) using enriched Li$$_{2}$$CO$$_{3}$$ pellets. TPRs in the pellets have been measured by a liquid scintillation counter. Experiments have been done under a condition with a neutron reflector surrounding the DT neutron source. Numerical simulations have been performed using the MCNP-4C with the FENDL-2.0 and JENDL-3.3. The ranges of ratios of calculation results to experimental ones (C/Es) are 0.97-1.17 concerning with local TPR, and 1.04-1.09 for the integrated tritium production. It is found that the total integrated tritium production, which corresponds to tritium breeding ratio, can be predicted within uncertainty of 10% using the Monte Carlo calculation code and latest nuclear data libraries.

Journal Articles

Development of a new fusion power monitor based on activation of flowing water

Verzilov, Y. M.; Nishitani, Takeo; Ochiai, Kentaro; Kutsukake, Chuzo; Abe, Yuichi

Fusion Engineering and Design, 81(8-14), p.1477 - 1483, 2006/02

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:17.2(Nuclear Science & Technology)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Progress in physics and technology developments for the modification of JT-60

Tamai, Hiroshi; Matsukawa, Makoto; Kurita, Genichi; Hayashi, Nobuhiko; Urata, Kazuhiro*; Miura, Yushi; Kizu, Kaname; Tsuchiya, Katsuhiko; Morioka, Atsuhiko; Kudo, Yusuke; et al.

Plasma Science and Technology, 6(1), p.2141 - 2150, 2004/02

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:6.52(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

The dominant issue for the the modification program of JT-60 (JT-60SC) is to demonstrate the steady state reactor relevant plasma operation. Physics design on plasma parameters, operation scenarios, and the plasma control method are investigated for the achievement of high-$$beta$$. Engineering design and the R&D on the superconducting magnet coils, radiation shield, and vacuum vessel are performed. Recent progress in such physics and technology developments is presented.

Journal Articles

Objectives and design of the JT-60 superconducting tokamak

Ishida, Shinichi; Abe, Katsunori*; Ando, Akira*; Chujo, T.*; Fujii, Tsuneyuki; Fujita, Takaaki; Goto, Seiichi*; Hanada, Kazuaki*; Hatayama, Akiyoshi*; Hino, Tomoaki*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 43(7), p.606 - 613, 2003/07

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Objectives and design of the JT-60 superconducting tokamak

Ishida, Shinichi; Abe, Katsunori*; Ando, Akira*; Cho, T.*; Fujii, Tsuneyuki; Fujita, Takaaki; Goto, Seiichi*; Hanada, Kazuaki*; Hatayama, Akiyoshi*; Hino, Tomoaki*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 43(7), p.606 - 613, 2003/07

 Times Cited Count:33 Percentile:69.18(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Tritium distribution measurement of FNS tritium targets by imaging plate

Kutsukake, Chuzo; Seki, Masakazu; Tanaka, Shigeru; Oginuma, Yoshikazu*; Abe, Yuichi; Yamauchi, Michinori*

Fusion Science and Technology, 41(3), p.555 - 559, 2002/05

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Design of nuclear instrumental system on the ITER-TBM, 1

Ochiai, Kentaro; Sato, Satoshi; Wada, Masayuki*; Takakura, Kosuke; Iida, Hiromasa; Konno, Chikara; Abe, Yuichi

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Establishment of rearing system of the extremotolerant tardigrade ${it Ramazzottius varieornatus}$

Wadachi, Hiroki*; Kunieda, Takekazu*; Abe, Wataru*; Nakahara, Yuichi*; Watanabe, Masahiko*; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Higashi, Seigo*; Okuda, Takashi*

no journal, , 

We collected some kinds of tardigrade to develop multi-cellular model oraganism for extremotolerant. Among four kinds of collected tardigrade, we found that a tardigrade ${it Ramazzottius varieornatus}$ at Sapporo-city feeded ${it C. vulgaris}$ and could breed. The life-time of ${it R. varieornatus}$ in an artificial culture condition is about 35 days and 5.7 days for hatching. During the whole life-time, one animal laids 8 eggs. In addition, it was observed that ${it R. varieornatus}$ could enter an ametabolic dry state called anhydrobiosis in all stages of life-time. Furthermore, we observed a high surviving-rate even if ${it R. varieornatus}$ exposed in various kinds of extreme environments.

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