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JAEA Reports

FBR metallic materials test manual (2023 revised edition)

Imagawa, Yuya; Toyota, Kodai; Onizawa, Takashi; Kato, Shoichi

JAEA-Testing 2023-004, 76 Pages, 2024/03

JAEA-Testing-2023-004.pdf:2.08MB

This manual describes the methods for conducting material tests in air, argon gas, and sodium, and for organizing the data obtained, as a part of the development of high-temperature structural design technology for fast reactors. This manual reflects the revision of test methods in Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) to the "FBR Metallic Materials Test Manual, PNC TN241 77-03" published in 1977 and the "FBR Metallic Materials Test Manual (Revised Edition), JNC TN9520 2001-001" published in 2001. Also, it was written with reference to the recommended room temperature / elevated temperature tensile test method by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) and the test standard for the elevated-temperature low-cycle fatigue test method by the Society of Materials Science, Japan (JSMS), which are the standard for material test methods in the domestic academic society.

Journal Articles

Validation of the applicability of the best-fit fatigue curves for 550$$^{circ}$$C in Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel to 1$$times$$10$$^{11}$$ cycles

Toyota, Kodai; Imagawa, Yuya; Onizawa, Takashi; Kato, Shoichi; Furuya, Yoshiyuki*

Nihon Kikai Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 89(928), p.23-00206_1 - 23-00206_15, 2023/12

In order to design fast reactors, it is necessary to consider high cycle fatigue of structural materials up to 1$$times$$10$$^{9}$$ cycles; to evaluate high cycle fatigue at 1$$times$$10$$^{9}$$ cycles, it is necessary to develop a best-fit fatigue curve applicable up to 1$$times$$10$$^{11}$$ cycles. In this study, high cycle fatigue tests were conducted under strain-controlled conditions and ultrasonic fatigue tests were also conducted to develop a high cycle fatigue evaluation method for Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel, which is a candidate material for fast reactor structural materials. Based on the test results, the best-fit fatigue curves were extended and the applicability of the JSME best-fit fatigue curves up to 1$$times$$10$$^{11}$$ cycles was verified.

Journal Articles

High-temperature creep properties of 9Cr-ODS tempered martensitic steel and quantitative correlation with its nanometer-scale structure

Otsuka, Satoshi; Shizukawa, Yuta; Tanno, Takashi; Imagawa, Yuya; Hashidate, Ryuta; Yano, Yasuhide; Onizawa, Takashi; Kaito, Takeji; Onuma, Masato*; Mitsuhara, Masatoshi*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(3), p.288 - 298, 2023/03

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:80.29(Nuclear Science & Technology)

JAEA has been developing 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) tempered martensitic steel(TMS) as a candidate material for the fuel cladding tubes of sodium-cooled fast reactors(SFRs). The reliable prediction of in-reactor creep-rupture strength is critical for implementing the 9Cr-ODS TMS cladding tube in the SFR. This study investigated the quantitative correlation between the creep properties of 9Cr-ODS TMS at 700 $$^{circ}$$C and the dispersions of nanosized oxides by analyzing the creep data and the material's nanostructure. The possibility of deriving a formula for estimating the in-reactor creep properties of 9Cr-ODS TMSs based on an analysis of the nanostructure of neutron-irradiated 9Cr-ODS TMSs was also discussed. The creep properties of 9Cr-ODS TMS at 700 $$^{circ}$$C closely correlated with the dispersion of nanosized oxide particles. The correlation between creep-rupture lives and nanosized oxide particle dispersion was determined using existing creep models. The elucidation of correlation between the stress exponent of secondary creep rate and the nanostructure is essential to enhance future modeling reliability and formulation.

Journal Articles

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors

Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Morishita, Masaki*; Aizawa, Kosuke; Ando, Masanori; Ashida, Takashi; Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Doda, Norihiro; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Ezure, Toshiki; Fukano, Yoshitaka; et al.

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors; JSME Series in Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, Vol.3, 631 Pages, 2022/07

This book is a collection of the past experience of design, construction, and operation of two reactors, the latest knowledge and technology for SFR designs, and the future prospects of SFR development in Japan. It is intended to provide the perspective and the relevant knowledge to enable readers to become more familiar with SFR technology.

Journal Articles

Material data acquisition activities to develop the material strength standard for sodium-cooled fast reactors

Toyota, Kodai; Onizawa, Takashi; Wakai, Takashi; Hashidate, Ryuta; Kato, Shoichi

Proceedings of International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles; Sustainable Clean Energy for the Future (FR22) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2022/04

JAEA Reports

Evaluation of tensile and creep properties on 9Cr-ODS steel claddings

Yano, Yasuhide; Hashidate, Ryuta; Tanno, Takashi; Imagawa, Yuya; Kato, Shoichi; Onizawa, Takashi; Ito, Chikara; Uwaba, Tomoyuki; Otsuka, Satoshi; Kaito, Takeji

JAEA-Data/Code 2021-015, 64 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Data-Code-2021-015.pdf:2.6MB

From a view point of practical application of fast breeder reactor cycles, which takes advantage of safety and economic efficiency and makes a contribution of volume reduction and mitigation of degree of harmfulness of high-level radioactive waste, it is necessary to develop fuel cladding materials for fast reactors (FRs) in order to achieve high-burnup. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel have been studied for use as potential fuel cladding materials in FRs owing to their excellent resistance to swelling and their high-temperature strength in Japan Atomic Energy Agency. It is very important to establish the materials strength standard in order to apply ODS steels as a fuel cladding. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire the mechanical properties such as tensile, creep rupture strength tests and so on. In this study, tensile and creep rupture strengths of 9Cr-ODS steel claddings were evaluated using by acquired these data. Because of the phase transformation temperature of 9Cr-ODS steel, temperature range for the evaluation was divided into two ones at AC1 transformation temperature of 850$$^{circ}$$C.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of the Japanese fatigue test data in Gr.91 for elevated temperature design

Ando, Masanori; Toyota, Kodai; Hashidate, Ryuta; Onizawa, Takashi

Proceedings of ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2021) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2021/07

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME BPVC) Section III, Division 5 had provided only one design fatigue curve for Grade 91 steel (Gr.91) at 540 $$^{circ}$$C until 2019 version. To overcome this disadvantage, The ASME Section III Working Group had taken an action to incorporate the temperature-dependent design fatigue curves for Gr. 91 developed by Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers into ASME BPVC Section III Division 5. As the results, the temperature dependent design fatigue curves are provided in the 2021 edition of the ASME BPVC. To clear the features of the best fit fatigue curve equation, 305 data stored in the database were analyzed and the statistic values and the values of 95% and 99% lower confidence bound calculated by failure probability assessment were clarified. Moreover, some additional available data of fatigue and creep-fatigue test obtained in Japan are also indicated for considering the creep-fatigue damage evaluation under elevated temperature condition.

Journal Articles

Proposal of simulation material test technique for clarifying the structure failure mechanisms under excessive seismic loads

Hashidate, Ryuta; Kato, Shoichi; Onizawa, Takashi; Wakai, Takashi; Kasahara, Naoto*

Proceedings of ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2021) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2021/07

It is very essential to clarify the structure failure mechanisms under excessive seismic loads. However, structural tests using actual structural materials are very difficult and expensive. Therefore, we have proposed the structure test approach using lead alloys in order to simulate the structure failure mechanisms under the excessive seismic loads. In this study, we conducted material tests using lead alloy and verified the effectiveness of the simulated material tests. Moreover, we formulated inelastic constitutive equations (best fit fatigue curve equation and cyclic stress range - strain range relationship equation) of lead alloy based on the results of a series of material tests. Nonlinear numerical analyses, e.g. finite element analyses, can be performed using the proposed equations. A series of simulation material test technique enables structural tests and analyses using lead alloy to simulate the structure failure phenomena under excessive seismic loads.

Journal Articles

Proposal of simulation materials test technique and their constitutive equations for structural tests and analyses simulating severe accident conditions

Hashidate, Ryuta; Kato, Shoichi; Onizawa, Takashi; Wakai, Takashi; Kasahara, Naoto*

Proceedings of ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2020) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2020/08

Although it is very essential to clarify how the structure collapses under the severe accident conditions, the failure mechanisms in excessive high temperatures are not clarified. However, it is very difficult and expensive to perform structural tests using actual structural materials. Therefore, we propose to use lead alloys instead of actual structural materials. For demonstration of analogy between the failure mechanisms of lead alloys structure at low temperature and those of the actual structures at high temperature, numerical analyses are required. Although the authors proposed inelastic constitutive equations for numerical analyses in 2019, the equations could not successfully express because of large variations observed in the material tests of the lead alloy. In this study, we propose the improved inelastic constitutive equations of the lead alloy on the basis of the material test results used by aged alloy which can stabilized the material characteristic.

Journal Articles

A Proposal of inelastic constitutive equations of lead alloys used for structural tests simulating severe accident conditions

Hashidate, Ryuta; Onizawa, Takashi; Wakai, Takashi; Kasahara, Naoto*

Proceedings of 2019 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2019) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2019/07

Under the severe accident conditions, structural materials of nuclear power plants are subjected to excessive high temperature. Although it is very essential to clarify how the structure collapses under the severe accident conditions, the failure mechanisms in such high temperatures are not clarified. However, it is very difficult and expensive to perform structural tests using actual structural materials. Therefore, we propose to use lead alloys instead of actual structural materials. Because the strength of lead alloys is much poorer than that of the actual structural materials, failure can be observed at low temperature and by small load. For demonstration of analogy between the failure mechanisms of lead alloys structure at low temperature and those of the actual structures at high temperature, numerical analyses are required. So, we confirm the material characteristics of lead alloys and develop inelastic constitutive equations of lead alloy required for finite element analyses.

Journal Articles

Development of creep property equations of 316FR stainless steel and Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel for sodium-cooled fast reactor to achieve 60-year design life

Onizawa, Takashi; Hashidate, Ryuta

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 6(1), p.18-00477_1 - 18-00477_15, 2019/02

Aiming at enhancing its economic competitiveness and reducing radioactive waste, JAEA has proposed an attractive plant concept and made great efforts to demonstrate the applicability of some innovative technologies to the plant. One of the most practical means is to extend the design life to 60 years. Accordingly, the material strength standards set by JSME have to be extended from 300,000 to 500,000 hours but this extension requires more precise estimation of creep rupture strength and creep strain of the materials in the long term. This paper describes the development of creep property equations of 316FR stainless steel and Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel considering changes in creep mechanisms at high temperatures in the long term based on evaluations of long-term creep properties of the materials. The creep property equations developed in this study will provide more precise estimation of the creep properties in the long term than the present creep property equations of JSME.

Journal Articles

Influence of cyclic softening on high temperature material properties in Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel

Onizawa, Takashi; Nagae, Yuji; Kato, Shoichi; Wakai, Takashi

Zairyo, 66(2), p.122 - 129, 2017/02

The applicability of Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (ASME Grade 91 steel) as the main structural material in advanced loop-type sodium cooled fast reactor has been explored to enhance the safety, the credibility and the economic competitiveness of fast reactor plants. It is well-known that the steel exhibits cyclic softening behavior. Decrease of tensile and creep strength in softened materials has been already reported by other researchers. This paper discusses the relationship between cyclic softening conditions and high temperature material properties. Grade 91 steel was softened by repeat of plastic strain. The softening behavior could be evaluated by the index of the softening rate. Decrease of tensile and creep strength in softened materials can be evaluated by the softening rate and it depends on the cyclic softening conditions.

Journal Articles

The Welded joint strength reduction factors of modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel for the advanced loop-type sodium cooled fast reactor

Yamashita, Takuya; Wakai, Takashi; Onizawa, Takashi; Sato, Kenichiro*; Yamamoto, Kenji*

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 138(6), p.061407_1 - 061407_6, 2016/12

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0(Engineering, Mechanical)

Journal Articles

Effect of trace amount tungsten on long-term material properties of high Cr steels

Onizawa, Takashi; Nagae, Yuji; Kikuchi, Kenji*

Tetsu To Hagane, 100(8), p.999 - 1005, 2014/08

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:12.31(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)

The applicability of high chromium (Cr) steel as the main structural material in fast breeder reactors (FBR) has been explored to enhance the safety, the credibility and the economic competitiveness of FBR power plants. Tungsten (W) is believed to improve the high temperature strength of high Cr steels by solid-solution strengthening mechanism, although the long-term effectiveness and stability of such a strengthening mechanism has not fully been understood yet. High Cr steels controlling W content are produced and tensile tests, creep tests, aging tests and charpy impact tests were conducted to investigate the long-term material properties. It was observed that the short-term creep strength could be improved by W. However, there is almost no influence of W on the long-term creep strength. And it was observed that the impact properties after aging could be improved by decreasing of W. It was found that the optimal W content for excellent high Cr steel of FBR grade are $$<$$ 0.1 wt.%, under FBR operating conditions.

Journal Articles

Development of structural codes for JSFR based on the system based code concept

Asayama, Tai; Wakai, Takashi; Ando, Masanori; Okajima, Satoshi; Nagae, Yuji; Takaya, Shigeru; Onizawa, Takashi; Tsukimori, Kazuyuki; Morishita, Masaki

Proceedings of 2014 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2014) (DVD-ROM), 6 Pages, 2014/07

This paper overviews the ongoing research and development as well as activities for codification of structural codes for the Japan Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR). Not only the design and construction code which has been published and updated on a regular basis, codes on welding, fitness-for-service, leak-before-break evaluation as well as the guidelines for structural reliability evaluation are being developed. The basic strategy for the development is to fully take advantage of the favorable technical characteristics associated with sodium-cooled fast reactors; the codes will be developed based on the System Based Code concept. The above mentioned set of codes are planned to be published from the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers in 2016.

Journal Articles

Material strength evaluation for 60 years design in Japanese sodium fast reactor

Nagae, Yuji; Onizawa, Takashi; Takaya, Shigeru; Yamashita, Takuya

Proceedings of 2014 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2014) (DVD-ROM), 9 Pages, 2014/07

Journal Articles

A Study for proposal of welded joint strength reduction factors of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel for Japan sodium cooled fast reactor (JSFR)

Wakai, Takashi; Onizawa, Takashi; Kato, Takehiko*; Date, Shingo*; Kikuchi, Koichi*; Sato, Kenichiro*

Proceedings of 2013 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2013) (DVD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2013/07

Journal Articles

Development of 2012 edition of JSME code for design and construction of fast reactors, 3; Development of the material strength standard of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel

Onizawa, Takashi; Nagae, Yuji; Takaya, Shigeru; Asayama, Tai

Proceedings of 2013 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2013) (DVD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2013/07

Journal Articles

Development of 2012 edition of JSME code for design and construction of fast reactors, 2; Development of the material strength standard of 316FR stainless steel

Onizawa, Takashi; Nagae, Yuji; Takaya, Shigeru; Asayama, Tai

Proceedings of 2013 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2013) (DVD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2013/07

Journal Articles

Development of high chromium steel for fast breeder reactors with high-temperature strength, ductility, and microstructural stabilit

Onizawa, Takashi; Asayama, Tai; Kikuchi, Kenji*

ISIJ International, 53(6), p.1081 - 1088, 2013/06

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:22.67(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)

The applicability of high chromium (Cr) steel as the main structural material in fast breeder reactors (FBR) has been explored to enhance the safety, the credibility and the economic competitiveness of FBR power plants. Vanadium (V) and Niobium (Nb) are believed to improve the high-temperature strength of high Cr steels by precipitating as carbides and/or nitrides, namely fine MX particles, although the long-term efficiency and stability of such precipitation strengthening mechanisms resulting from the fine MX particles have not been clarified yet. The effects of V and Nb on degradation of creep properties were investigated under FBR operating conditions, e.g., at 550 $$^{circ}$$C for 500,000 h, and the relationship between the long-term creep properties and microstructural changes was investigated considering the MX particles and the Z-phase. It was found that the optimal V and Nb contents for excellent high Cr steel of FBR grade are 0.2 mass% and $$<$$0.01 mass%, respectively, under FBR operating conditions.

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