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Journal Articles

Characteristics of the first H-mode discharges in KSTAR

Yoon, S. W.*; Ahn, J.-W.*; Jeon, Y. M.*; Suzuki, Takahiro; Hahn, S. H.*; Ko, W. H.*; Lee, K. D.*; Chung, J. I.*; Nam, Y. U.*; Kim, J.*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 51(11), p.113009_1 - 113009_9, 2011/11

 Times Cited Count:33 Percentile:79.19(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Typical ELMy H-mode discharges have been achieved on the KSTAR tokamak with the combined auxiliary heating of NBI and ECRH. The minimum external heating power required is about 1.1 MW at a line-averaged density higher than 1.4$$times$$10$$^{19}$$ m$$^{-3}$$ and a toroidal field of 2 T. There is a clear indication of the increase of the L-H threshold power at densities lower than $$1.4times 10^{19} {rm m}^{-3}$$. The initial analysis of energy confinement time ($$tau$$$$_{E}$$) predicted that $$tau$$$$_{E}$$ was higher than the prediction of multi-machine scaling laws by a factor 1.4-1.6. However, when the contribution of fast ion confinement to the total energy was taken into account, $$tau$$$$_{E}$$ better agreed with the scaling results. A clear increase of electron and ion temperature in the pedestal was observed in the H-mode phase but the core ion temperature did not change significantly. On the other hand, the toroidal rotation also increased over all radii in the H-mode phase. The measured ELM frequency was from 30-50 Hz and the drop of total energy appeared to be less than 5%. Between large ELM spikes, small/grassy ELMs were also identified when mixed heating of NBI and ECRH was applied.

Journal Articles

ITER test blanket module error field simulation experiments at DIII-D

Schaffer, M. J.*; Snipes, J. A.*; Gohil, P.*; de Vries, P.*; Evans, T. E.*; Fenstermacher, M. E.*; Gao, X.*; Garofalo, A. M.*; Gates, D. A.*; Greenfield, C. M.*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 51(10), p.103028_1 - 103028_11, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:33 Percentile:80.68(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Experiments at DIII-D investigated the effects of ferromagnetic error fields similar to those expected from proposed ITER Test Blanket Modules (TBMs). Studied were effects on: plasma rotation and locking; confinement; L-H transition; edge localized mode (ELM) suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations; ELMs and the H-mode pedestal; energetic particle losses; and more. The experiments used a 3-coil mock-up of 2 magnetized ITER TBMs in one ITER equatorial port. The experiments did not reveal any effect likely to preclude ITER operations with a TBM-like error field. The largest effect was slowed plasma toroidal rotation v across the entire radial profile by as much as $$Delta v/v_{0} sim 50%$$ via non-resonant braking. Changes to global $$Delta n/n_{0}$$, $$Delta v/v_{0}$$ and $$Delta H_{98}/H_{98,0}$$ were $$sim$$3 times smaller. These effects are stronger at higher $$beta$$ and lower $$v_{0}$$. Other effects were smaller.

Journal Articles

Plasma models for real-time control of advanced tokamak scenarios

Moreau, D.*; Mazon, D.*; Walker, M. L.*; Ferron, J. R.*; Flanagan, S. M.*; Gohil, P.*; Groebner, R. J.*; La Haye, R. J.*; Schuster, E.*; Ou, Y.*; et al.

Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2010/10

Journal Articles

Validation of on- and off-axis neutral beam current drive against experiment in DIII-D

Park, J. M.*; Murakami, Masanori*; Petty, C. C.*; Heidbrink, W. W.*; Osborne, T. H.*; Holcomb, C. T.*; Van Zeeland, M. A.*; Prater, R.*; Luce, T. C.*; Wade, M. R.*; et al.

Physics of Plasmas, 16(9), p.092508_1 - 092508_10, 2009/09

 Times Cited Count:23 Percentile:64.7(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Neutral beam current drive (NBCD) experiments in DIII-D using vertically shifted plasmas to move the current drive away from the axis have clearly demonstrated robust off-axis NBCD. Time-dependent measurements of magnetic pitch angles by the motional Stark effect diagnostic are used to obtain the evolution of the poloidal magnetic flux, which indicates a broad off-axis NBCD profile with a peak at about half the plasma radius. In most cases, the measured off-axis NBCD profile is consistent with calculations using an orbit-following Monte-Carlo code for the beam ion slowing down including finite-orbit effects, provided there is no large-scale MHD activity such as Alfv$'e$n eigenmodes modes or sawteeth. Good agreement is found between the measured pitch angles and those from simulations using transport-equilibrium codes. Two-dimensional image of Doppler-shifted fast ion D$$alpha$$ light emitted by neutralized energetic ions shows clear evidence for a hollow profile of beam ion density, consistent with classical beam ion slowing down. The magnitude of off-axis NBCD is sensitive to the alignment of the beam injection relative to the helical pitch of the magnetic field lines. If the signs of B and I yield the proper helicity, both measurement and calculation indicate that the efficiency is as good as on-axis NBCD because the increased fraction of trapped electrons reduces the electron shielding of the injected ion current, in contrast with electron current drive schemes where the trapping of electrons degrades the efficiency. The measured off-axis NBCD increases approximately linearly with the injection power, although a modest amount of fast ion diffusion is needed to explain an observed difference in the NBCD profile between the measurement and the calculation at high injection power.

Journal Articles

Off-axis neutral beam current drive for advanced scenario development in DIII-D

Murakami, Masanori*; Park, J. M.*; Petty, C. C.*; Luce, T. C.*; Heidbrink, W. W.*; Osborne, T. H.*; Prater, R.*; Wade, M. R.*; Anderson, P. M.*; Austin, M. E.*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 49(6), p.065031_1 - 065031_8, 2009/06

 Times Cited Count:43 Percentile:82.92(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Modification of the two existing DIII-D neutral beam lines is planned to allow vertical steering to provide off-axis neutral beam current drive (NBCD) peaked as far off-axis as half the plasma minor radius. New calculations for a downward-steered beam indicate strong current drive with good localization off-axis so long as the toroidal magnetic field, BT, and the plasma current, Ip, point in the same direction. This is due to good alignment of neutral beam injection (NBI) with the local pitch of the magnetic field lines. This model has been tested experimentally on DIII-D by an injecting equatorially-mounted NBs into reduced size plasmas that are vertically displaced with respect to the vessel midplane. The existence of off-axis NBCD is evident in the changes seen in sawtooth behavior in the internal inductance. By shifting the plasma upward or downward, or by changing the sign of the toroidal field, measured off-axis NBCD profiles measured with motional Stark effect data and internal loop voltage show a difference in amplitude (40%-45%) consistent with predicted differences predicted by the changed NBI alignment with respect to the helicity of the magnetic field lines. The effects of NB injection direction relative to field line helicity can be large even in ITER: off-axis NBCD can be increased by more than 20% if the BT direction is reversed. Modification of the DIII-D NB system will strongly support scenario development for ITER and future tokamaks as well as providing flexible scientific tools for understanding transport, energetic particles and heating and current drive.

Journal Articles

The 2008 public release of the international multi-tokamak confinement profile database

Roach, C. M.*; Walters, M.*; Budny, R. V.*; Imbeaux, F.*; Fredian, T. W.*; Greenwald, M.*; Stillerman, J. A.*; Alexander, D. A.*; Carlsson, J.*; Cary, J. R.*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 48(12), p.125001_1 - 125001_19, 2008/12

 Times Cited Count:35 Percentile:28.57(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

This paper documents the public release PR08 of the International Tokamak Physics Activity profile database, which should be of particular interest to the magnetic confinement fusion community. Data from a wide variety of interesting discharges from many of the world's leading tokamak experiments are now made available in PR08, which also includes predictive simulations of an initial set of operating scenarios for ITER. In this paper we describe the discharges that have been included and the tools that are available to the reader who is interested in accessing and working with the data.

Journal Articles

Pedestal conditions for small ELM regimes in tokamaks

Oyama, Naoyuki; Gohil, P.*; Horton, L. D.*; Hubbard, A. E.*; Hughes, J. W.*; Kamada, Yutaka; Kamiya, Kensaku; Leonard, A. W.*; Loarte, A.*; Maingi, R.*; et al.

Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 48(5A), p.A171 - A181, 2006/05

 Times Cited Count:80 Percentile:91.98(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Development of completely Solenoidless tokamak operation in JT-60U

Ushigome, Masahiro*; Ide, Shunsuke; Ito, Satoshi*; Jotaki, Eriko*; Mitarai, Osamu*; Shiraiwa, Shunichi*; Suzuki, Takahiro; Takase, Yuichi*; Tanaka, Shigetoshi*; Fujita, Takaaki; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 46(2), p.207 - 213, 2006/02

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:37.02(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

This papaer studies on tokamak plasma start-up completely without central solenoid (CS). On the JT-60 tokamak it is demonstrated that a completely CS-less Ip start-up to 100 kA was achieved even without any null-point by Electron cyclotron range of frequencies (ECRF) and outer PF coil current swing only. Necessary conditions (the EC power, the toroidal field etc.) were clarified. Moreover, it was succeded to maintain Ip = 260kA for 1 sec without CS by NB only. In addition Ip ramp-up by EC and NB only (without LHCD) from 215 to 310kA was achieved. In a high confinement reversed shear discharge, a result suggesting bootstrap over drive was obtained.

Journal Articles

Energy loss for grassy ELMs and effects of plasma rotation on the ELM characteristics in JT-60U

Oyama, Naoyuki; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Isayama, Akihiko; Takechi, Manabu; Gohil, P.*; Lao, L. L.*; Snyder, P. B.*; Fujita, Takaaki; Ide, Shunsuke; Kamada, Yutaka; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 45(8), p.871 - 881, 2005/08

 Times Cited Count:118 Percentile:95.44(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

The grassy ELM is characterized by the high frequency periodic collapse up to $$sim$$kHz, which is $$sim$$15 times faster than that for type I ELM. A divertor peak heat flux due to grassy ELMs is less than 10% of that for type I ELMs. This smaller heat flux is caused by narrower radial extent of the collapse of temperature pedestal. The different radial extent between type I ELMs and grassy ELMs qualitatively agrees with the different radial distribution of the eigen function of the ideal MHD stability analysis. The ratio of ELM energy loss for grassy ELMs to the pedestal stored energy was 0.4-1%. In high triangularity regime, ELM amplitude, frequency and type can be changed from type I ELM to high frequency grassy ELM as counter plasma rotation was increased. In low triangularity regime, on the other hand, the complete ELM suppression (QH-mode) has been achieved, when the plasma position is optimized with CTR-NBIs. The existence of the edge fluctuations localized in pedestal region may reduce the pedestal pressure, and therefore the QH-mode can be sustained for long time up to 3.4s.

Journal Articles

Edge localized mode physics and operational aspects in tokamaks

B$'e$coulet, M.*; Huysmans, G.*; Sarazin, Y.*; Garbet, X.*; Ghendrih, P.*; Rimini, F.*; Joffrin, E.*; Litaudon, X.*; Monier-Garbet, P.*; An$'e$, J.-M.*; et al.

Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 45(12A), p.A93 - A113, 2003/12

 Times Cited Count:84 Percentile:91.2(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Key quantities for ITB formation and sustainment

Fujita, Takaaki; Aniel, T.*; Barbato, E.*; Behn, R.*; Bell, R. E.*; Field, A. R.*; Fukuda, Takeshi*; Gohil, P.*; Ida, Katsumi*; Imbeaux, F.*; et al.

Europhysics Conference Abstracts, 27A, 4 Pages, 2003/00

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Extrapolating neoclassical tearing mode physics to ITER

Buttery, R. J.*; La Haye, R. J.*; Coda, S.*; Gohil, P.*; Isayama, Akihiko; Jackson, G.*; Raju, D.*; Reimerdes, H.*; Sabbagh, S.*; Sen, A.*; et al.

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Results of ITER test blanket module mock-up experiments on DIII-D

Snipes, J. A.*; Schaffer, M. J.*; Gohil, P.*; de Vries, P.*; Fenstermacher, M. E.*; Evans, T. E.*; Gao, X. M.*; Garofalo, A.*; Gates, D. A.*; Greenfield, C. M.*; et al.

no journal, , 

A series of experiments was performed on DIII-D to mock-up the field that will be induced in a pair of ferromagnetic Test Blanket Modules (TBMs) in ITER to determine the effects of such error fields on plasma operation and performance. A set of coils producing both poloidal and toroidal fields was placed inside a re-entrant horizontal port close to the plasma. The coils produce a localized ripple due to the toroidal field (TF) + TBM up to 5.7%, which is more than four times that expected from a pair of representative 1.3 ton TBMs in ITER. The experiments show that the reduction in the toroidal rotation is sensitive to the ripple. On the other hand, the confinement is reduced by up to 15-18% for local ripple $$ge$$ 3% but is hardly affected at 1.7% local ripple.

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