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JAEA Reports

Annual report on the effluent control of low level liquid waste in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories FY2014

Watanabe, Hitoshi; Nakano, Masanao; Fujita, Hiroki; Kono, Takahiko; Inoue, Kazumi; Yoshii, Hideki*; Otani, Kazunori*; Hiyama, Yoshinori*; Kikuchi, Masaaki*; Sakauchi, Nobuyuki*; et al.

JAEA-Review 2015-030, 115 Pages, 2015/12

JAEA-Review-2015-030.pdf:25.28MB

Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai reprocessing plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and bylaw of Ibaraki prefecture), the effluent control of liquid waste discharged from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories of Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performed. This report describes the effluent control results of the liquid waste in the fiscal year 2014. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other nuclear fuel material usage facilities were much lower than the limits authorized by the above regulations.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the effluent control of low level liquid waste in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories FY2013

Watanabe, Hitoshi; Nakano, Masanao; Fujita, Hiroki; Kono, Takahiko; Inoue, Kazumi; Yoshii, Hideki*; Otani, Kazunori*; Hiyama, Yoshinori*; Goto, Ichiro*; Kibe, Satoshi*; et al.

JAEA-Review 2014-040, 115 Pages, 2015/01

JAEA-Review-2014-040.pdf:4.26MB

Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai reprocessing plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and bylaw of Ibaraki prefecture), the effluent control of liquid waste discharged from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories of Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performed. This report describes the effluent control results of the liquid waste in the fiscal year 2013. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other nuclear fuel material usage facilities were much lower than the limits authorized by the above regulations.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the effluent control of low level liquid waste in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories FY2012

Sumiya, Shuichi; Watanabe, Hitoshi; Miyagawa, Naoto; Nakano, Masanao; Fujita, Hiroki; Kono, Takahiko; Inoue, Kazumi; Yoshii, Hideki; Otani, Kazunori*; Hiyama, Yoshinori*; et al.

JAEA-Review 2013-041, 115 Pages, 2014/01

JAEA-Review-2013-041.pdf:19.01MB

Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai reprocessing plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, and the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and bylaw of Ibaraki prefecture), this report describes the effluent control results of liquid waste discharged from the JAEA's Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories in the fiscal year 2012, from 1st April 2012 to 31st March 2013. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other facilities were much lower than the authorized limits of the above regulations.

Journal Articles

Event structure and double helicity asymmetry in jet production from polarized $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Y.*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, K.*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review D, 84(1), p.012006_1 - 012006_18, 2011/07

 Times Cited Count:28 Percentile:72.42(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

We report on the event structure and double helicity asymmetry ($$A_{LL}$$) of jet production in longitudinally polarized $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 GeV. Photons and charged particles were measured by the PHENIX experiment. Event structure was compared with the results from PYTHIA event generator. The production rate of reconstructed jets is satisfactorily reproduced with the next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation. We measured $$A_{LL}$$ = -0.0014 $$pm$$ 0.0037 at the lowest $$P_T$$ bin and -0.0181 $$pm$$ 0.0282 at the highest $$P_T$$ bin. The measured $$A_{LL}$$ is compared with the predictions that assume various $$Delta G(x)$$ distributions.

Journal Articles

Identified charged hadron production in $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 and 62.4 GeV

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Yasuyuki*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, Kazuya*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 83(6), p.064903_1 - 064903_29, 2011/06

 Times Cited Count:176 Percentile:99.41(Physics, Nuclear)

Transverse momentum distributions and yields for $$pi^{pm}, K^{pm}, p$$, and $$bar{p}$$ in $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 and 62.4 GeV at midrapidity are measured by the PHENIX experiment at the RHIC. We present the inverse slope parameter, mean transverse momentum, and yield per unit rapidity at each energy, and compare them to other measurements at different $$sqrt{s}$$ collisions. We also present the scaling properties such as $$m_T$$ and $$x_T$$ scaling and discuss the mechanism of the particle production in $$p + p$$ collisions. The measured spectra are compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations.

Journal Articles

Design and fabrication of novel photonic crystal waveguide consisting of Si-ion implanted SiO$$_{2}$$ layers

Umenyi, A. V.*; Hommi, Masashi*; Kawashiri, Shinya*; Shinagawa, Teruyoshi*; Miura, Kenta*; Hanaizumi, Osamu*; Yamamoto, Shunya; Inoue, Aichi; Yoshikawa, Masahito

Key Engineering Materials, 459, p.168 - 172, 2011/04

A new type of two-dimensional photonic crystal (2-D PhC) waveguide was designed using finite difference time domain method to operate at a wavelength of 1.55 $$mu$$m applicable to optical fiber-communication systems. We estimated that a triangular-lattice 2-D PhC structure formed by air holes with a diameter of 465 nm and a period of 664 nm suit our purpose. To form a core of the waveguide, Si ions were implanted into a SiO$$_{2}$$ layer by using a 400-kV ion implanter. The implantation energy was 80 keV and the implantation amount was 1$$times$$10$$^{17}$$ ions/cm$$^{2}$$. The electron beam resist was spin-coated on a substrate and the designed pattern was written lithographically in the resist using Electron Beam. Atomic force microscope measurements revealed that the diameter and the period of air holes of the waveguide were 466 and 666 nm. These values were nearly equal to the designed ones. We thus succeeded in fabricating 2-D PhC waveguides in a Si-ion-implanted SiO$$_{2}$$ layer.

Journal Articles

Measurement of neutral mesons in $$p$$ + $$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 GeV and scaling properties of hadron production

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Y.*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, K.*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review D, 83(5), p.052004_1 - 052004_26, 2011/03

 Times Cited Count:169 Percentile:98.47(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

The PHENIX experiment at RHIC has measured the invariant differential cross section for production of $$K^0_s$$, $$omega$$, $$eta'$$ and $$phi$$ mesons in $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 GeV. The spectral shapes of all hadron transverse momentum distributions are well described by a Tsallis distribution functional form with only two parameters, $$n$$ and $$T$$, determining the high $$p_T$$ and characterizing the low $$p_T$$ regions for the spectra, respectively. The integrated invariant cross sections calculated from the fitted distributions are found to be consistent with existing measurements and with statistical model predictions.

Journal Articles

Ion irradiation effects on the optical properties of tungsten oxide films

Nagata, Shinji*; Fujita, Haruka*; Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Tsuchiya, Bun*; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 268(19), p.3151 - 3154, 2010/10

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:28.87(Instruments & Instrumentation)

A tungsten tri-oxide (WO$$_{3}$$) film covered with a thin catalyst layer is one of the candidates for hydrogen sensing devices that show a reversible coloration under hydrogen exposure. While the injection of the cations and/or the formation of the oxygen vacancies can be responsible for the coloration of the film, the mechanism of the gasochromic phenomenon is not fully understood. In the present work, the changes of the optical properties in the WO$$_{3}$$ film by ion irradiation were investigated to clarify the relation between the coloration and oxygen vacancies. WO$$_{3}$$ films of 300-500 nm thicknesses were deposited on SiO$$_{2}$$ substrates by magnetron sputtering. Oxygen ions at energies between 200 and 800 keV were irradiated to the WO$$_{3}$$ films. The optical absorption of the film was measured in the wavelengths between 190 and 1000 nm. The results show that the change of optical-absorption coefficient in WO$$_{3}$$ films depends on both electronic and nuclear stopping powers.

Journal Articles

Damage process and luminescent characteristics in silica glasses under ion irradiation

Nagata, Shinji*; Katsui, Hirokazu*; Tsuchiya, Bun*; Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; To, Kentaro; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 386-388, p.1045 - 1048, 2009/04

 Times Cited Count:14 Percentile:67(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Hydrogen retention induced by ion implantation in tungsten trioxide films

Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Nagata, Shinji*; Yoshikawa, Masahito; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 267(8-9), p.1480 - 1483, 2009/03

 Times Cited Count:12 Percentile:62.42(Instruments & Instrumentation)

We quantitatively studied the relation between hydrogen retention and optical properties induced by hydrogen ion implantation in tungsten trioxide (WO$$_{3}$$) films. Films of WO$$_{3}$$ (300 nm) covered with tungsten metal layers (200 nm) were prepared on transparent SiO$$_{2}$$ substrates by a reactive sputtering in Ar and O$$_{2}$$ mixture. When H$$_{2}$$$$^{+}$$ ions were implanted into the samples at an acceleration voltage of 10 kV, the concentration of hydrogen retaining in the WO$$_{3}$$ films increased up to 0.4 H/W in proportion to the fluence of H$$_{2}$$$$^{+}$$ ions. The optical absorption coefficient at 750 nm of samples increased linearly by 3 $$mu$$m$$^{-1}$$ with increasing the concentration of hydrogen implanted up to 0.1 H/W. And then, increased and saturated at 4 $$mu$$m$$^{-1}$$ with the increase of hydrogen concentration higher than 0.1 H/W. It was found that the hydrogen retention up to 0.1 H/W in tungsten trioxide layers can be monitored by measuring the optical absorbance.

Journal Articles

Ion induced structural modification and nano-crystalline formation of Zr-Al-Ni-Cu metallic glasses

Nagata, Shinji*; Sasase, Masato*; Takahiro, Katsumi*; Tsuchiya, Bun*; Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 267(8-9), p.1514 - 1517, 2009/03

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:53.56(Instruments & Instrumentation)

In this study, effects of the ion implantation on the phase transformation and nano-crystalline formation were examined in Zr-based metallic glasses. Samples were 2 mm thick plates and thin films of Zr$$_{55}$$Al$$_{10}$$Ni$$_{5}$$Cu$$_{30}$$ prepared by casting in a copper mold and by using RF magnetron sputtering, respectively. Ions of Mg, P, Au and Bi with 100-500 keV were implanted in the samples up to 2 $$times$$ 10$$^{16}$$ ions/cm$$^{2}$$ at room temperature. Nano-crystalline structure was found in implanted samples by TEM observation, while the long-range order in the structure was not found for the X-ray diffraction patterns. The electron diffraction patterns indicated the formation of fcc-Zr$$_{2}$$Cu in the P, Au, and Bi implanted region. Changes of the binding energy of the core level electron and valence band structure suggested the formation of Au-Zr or Au-Cu alloys in the Au ion implanted region.

Journal Articles

Effects of catalyst on gasochromic properties in tungsten oxide films

Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Nagata, Shinji*; Yoshikawa, Masahito; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 33(4), p.1127 - 1130, 2008/12

We investigated effects of catalyst on gasochromic properties in tungsten oxide films. Amorphous WO$$_{3}$$ films coated with Pd and Pt catalysts were prepared on SiO$$_{2}$$ substrates by employing reactive RF magnetron sputtering. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed that particles with a dozes nm diameter of Pd and with a few nm of Pt grew on the surface at beginning of deposition. The continuous catalytic layers were observed with increasing the amounts of more than 2 nm for Pd and 0.2 nm for Pt catalysts, respectively. When the continuous layers formed on WO$$_{3}$$ surface, the excellent gasochromic properties were obtained. The results indicated that Pt catalysts were suitable for high sensitive hydrogen sensors consisting of gasochromic WO$$_{3}$$ films.

Journal Articles

Effects of composition and structure on hydrogen incorporation in tungsten oxide films deposited by sputtering

Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Nagata, Shinji*; Yoshikawa, Masahito; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 266(15), p.3381 - 3386, 2008/08

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:38.68(Instruments & Instrumentation)

The effects of composition and structure on hydrogen incorporation property in tungsten oxide films were investigated. The tungsten oxide was deposited on carbon and SiO$$_{2}$$ substrates to form films by varying the temperature from 30 to 600 $$^{circ}$$C using a reactive sputtering in argon and oxygen mixture. We obtained amorphous structure in the films deposited below 400 $$^{circ}$$C and (0 1 0) oriented monoclinic WO$$_{3}$$ in the films deposited beyond 400 $$^{circ}$$C. Hydrogen concentration in the films increased from 0.1 to 0.7 H/W with changing the composition from WO$$_{0.25}$$ to WO$$_{3}$$. The hydrogen concentration in WO$$_{3}$$ films decreased to 0.4 H/W with increasing the substrate temperature during deposition. The Raman spectra of the WO$$_{3}$$ films revealed that decreasing of W$$^{6+}$$=O terminals was related to that of the hydrogen concentration. It was considered in detail that the incorporated hydrogen in tungsten oxide films was bonded at the end of W$$^{6+}$$=O terminals.

Journal Articles

Structural and gasochromic properties of epitaxial WO$$_{3}$$ films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Yamamoto, Shunya; Inoue, Aichi; Yoshikawa, Masahito

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 266(5), p.802 - 806, 2008/03

 Times Cited Count:30 Percentile:86.34(Instruments & Instrumentation)

We investigated the structural and gasochromic properties of epitaxial tungsten trioxide (WO$$_{3}$$) thin films on the $$alpha$$-Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ r-plane substrates, prepared by ArF excimer pulsed laser deposition under the controlled oxygen atmosphere. The deposited films were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS)/channeling, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. RBS and XRD results demonstrated that monoclinic WO$$_{3}$$(001) films were successfully grown on the $$alpha$$-Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ substrates. The crystal quality was improved by increasing both the oxygen pressure and the substrate temperature. Gasochromic coloration in the WO$$_{3}$$ films by exposure to diluted hydrogen gas was found to correlate with the crystal quality of the films. The gasochromic coloration was suppressed by the epitaxial growth of the films.

Journal Articles

Hydrogen behavior in gasochromic tungsten oxide films investigated by elastic recoil detection analysis

Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Nagata, Shinji*; Yoshikawa, Masahito; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 266(2), p.301 - 307, 2008/01

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:66.83(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Changes in the composition and crystalline structure of gasochromic tungsten oxide films resulting from the incorporation of hydrogen were investigated. An uniaxial oriented films in the (0 1 0) plane of monoclinic WO$$_{3}$$ were obtained by reactive RF magnetron sputtering at 600 $$^{circ}$$C. The elastic recoil detection analysis for the films on glassy carbon revealed that the hydrogen impurity was uniformly distributed up to a concentration of 0.24 H/W. The Pd-coated films on SiO$$_{2}$$ turned to blue when they were exposed to a mixture of Ar and 5% H$$_{2}$$ gases. When the sample became colored, the hydrogen concentration in the film increased to 0.47 H/W and the crystalline structure of the film changed from monoclinic to tetragonal. These results indicated that the gasochromic coloration of the tungsten oxide films was accompanied by formation of hydrogen compounds called tungsten bronze (H$$_{x}$$ WO$$_{3}$$).

Journal Articles

Hydrogen incorporation and gasochromic coloration of tungsten oxide films

Nagata, Shinji*; Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Tsuchiya, Bun*; Takano, Katsuyoshi; To, Kentaro*; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 446-447, p.558 - 561, 2007/10

 Times Cited Count:20 Percentile:69.97(Chemistry, Physical)

The effect of the composition of non-stoichiometric WO$$_{3}$$ films on the gasochromic coloration are investigated. The films are prepared by a reactive RF magnetron sputtering with varying oxygen partial pressure. To determine the quantitative composition of deposited films, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and Elastic recoil detection (ERD) are employed. Gasochromic coloration of the films coated with Pd catalyst is examined by optical transmission in hydrogen gas. O/W atomic ratio of the films increases from 0.25 to 3.0 with increasing the oxygen partial pressure in the sputtering gas. H/W ratio increases up to 0.7 with increasing the O/W ration. As regards gasochromic coloration, the film with O/W atomic ratio of 3.0 shows superior coloration performance comparing with that of less than 3.0. Therefore, it is assumed that the good gasochromic coloration of tungsten oxide films is realized by near-stoichiometric WO$$_{3}$$. In addition, gasochromic coloration state, increasing of hydrogen concentration in WO$$_{3}$$ films is observed. It indicates that gasochromic coloration of WO$$_{3}$$ is relate to formation of HWO$$_{3}$$ structure.

Journal Articles

Gasochromic properties of nanostructured tungsten oxide films prepared by sputtering deposition

Takano, Katsuyoshi; Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Sugimoto, Masaki; Yoshikawa, Masahito; Nagata, Shinji*

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1, 46(9B), p.6315 - 6318, 2007/09

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:39.28(Physics, Applied)

The amorphous, polycrystalline, and oriented films of the tungsten oxide were fabricated by sputtering deposition. It is found that each film has different roughness in the surface. The films with rough surface show fast coloration in 1% hydrogen. There is possibility that the gasochromic properties are improved effectively by the control of the surface morphology, and the films with large grains on the surface have better gasochromic coloration.

Journal Articles

Development of sheet-type hydrogen sensors

Takano, Katsuyoshi; Inoue, Aichi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Sugimoto, Masaki; Sugiyama, Akira; Yoshikawa, Masahito

Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 32(3), p.673 - 676, 2007/09

The deposition of tungsten oxide on the sheet of polyethylene terephthalate or polyvinylindene chloride was performed by sputtering method. It was found that the color of the sheets changes within few minuets to expose 0.1 vol.% diluted hydrogen, so as to be able to confirm the change by viewing. The sheets can be produced with low cost, and are useful as convenient sheet-type hydrogen sensors for the utilization of hydrogen in fuel cell as a clean energy source.

Journal Articles

Luminescence characteristics and defect formation in silica glasses under H and He ion irradiation

Nagata, Shinji*; Yamamoto, Shunya; Inoue, Aichi*; Tsuchiya, Bun*; To, Kentaro*; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 367-370(2), p.1009 - 1013, 2007/08

 Times Cited Count:30 Percentile:88.45(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Luminescence of Cr-doped alumina induced by charged particle irradiation

Inoue, Aichi; Nagata, Shinji*; To, Kentaro*; Tsuchiya, Bun*; Yamamoto, Shunya; Shikama, Tatsuo*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 367-370(2), p.1112 - 1116, 2007/08

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:37.26(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

The ion-induced luminescence behavior has been investigated for Cr-doped alumina (ruby, $$alpha$$-Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$: 0.5 wt% Cr) under MeV region H and He ion irradiation. The initial yield of the R-line luminescence (693 nm) increased proportionally to the projected range of the incident H ions, indicating that the ion- induced luminescence efficiency for an H ion was constant with independence of the electronic energy loss. However, the He induced luminescence yield was not directly related to either the projected range or the incident energy, corresponding that the efficiency decreased with increasing the electronic energy loss. The reduction of R-line yields by the ion irradiation was adequately explained by decreasing R-line luminescence centers.

91 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)