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Kanasaki, Masato; Jinno, Satoshi*; Sakaki, Hironao; Kondo, Kiminori; Oda, Keiji*; Yamauchi, Tomoya*; Fukuda, Yuji
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 58(3), p.034013_1 - 034013_6, 2016/03
Times Cited Count：23 Percentile：77.87(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)In order to understand the synergetic interplay between the Coulomb explosion of clusters and the background gas dynamics, we have conducted ion acceleration experiments using CO
clusters (250 nm in dia.) embedded in background H gas with the J-KAREN laser (1 J, 40 fs, 10
contrast) at JAEA-KPSI. By a careful analysis of etch pit positions on CR-39 and their structures including the etch pit growth behavior analysis with the multi-step etching technique, energy spectra for protons from the background gas and carbon/oxygen ions from the clusters are obtained separately. The maximum energies of protons and carbon/oxygen ions are determined as 1.6 MeV and 1.1 MeV/u, respectively. Based on the experimental results, the acceleration mechanism of the background gas ions induced by Coulomb explosion of clusters is discussed with the help from numerical simulations which employ a particle-in-cell (PIC) method including relaxation and ionization processes of plasma particles.
Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Ishii, Eiichi; Kondo, Keiji*; Tsusaka, Kimikazu*; Fujita, Tomoo
JAEA-Research 2015-001, 46 Pages, 2015/03
JAEA-Research-2015-001.pdf:4.92MB
JAEA-Research-2015-001-appendix(CD-ROM).zip:67.95MB
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting R&D activities at the off-site URL at Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan in order to enhance reliability of technology related to deep geological disposal of HLW in sedimentary rocks. In this report, strength properties (cohesion and frictional angle) of rock masses in the Koetoi and Wakkanai formations are investigated on the basis of triaxial tests conducted in the Horonobe URL considering the relative depths to the formation. Strength properties investigated in this report are compared with the properties obtained in the designing phase. The cohesion in the Koetoi Formation increased with increasing depth. On the other hand, in the transition zone of the Wakkanai Formation, the cohesion increased significantly in the shallow Wakkanai formation (transition zone). Below the transition zone, the cohesion does not significantly depend on the depth. Thus the strength properties between two formations were found to be different. Comparing the cohesions and frictional angles determined from triaxial tests with the values determined in the designing phase, there was no agreement between these values in almost all the depth. Thus it is essential to determine cohesion and frictional angle considering the relative depths to the formation for detailed understanding of strength properties of rock mass.
Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Tsusaka, Kimikazu; Kubota, Kenji*; Tokiwa, Tetsuya; Kondo, Keiji; Inagaki, Daisuke
Doboku Gakkai Rombunshu, C (Chiken Kogaku) (Internet), 70(4), p.412 - 423, 2014/12
The authors have been conducting seismic and resistivity tomography surveys in a gallery of the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory in order to investigate an extent of an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) along time. The objective of this paper is to discuss an influence of fracture distribution and water saturation of a rock mass on variations in seismic velocity and the value of apparent resistivity in an EDZ. Based on the result of seismic tomography survey, the extent of a layer which has low seismic velocity was about 1.0 m from the gallery wall after excavation of the tomography area. From the results of resistivity tomography survey, the value of apparent resistivity has not changed remarkably along time. To investigate a relationship between variations in seismic velocity and density of fracture in the survey area, the authors built a three dimensional fracture model around the tomography area. From the comparison of seismic velocity with density of fracture, seismic velocity decreased almost linearly as the density of fracture increased. Also, it was found that density of fracture in the layer of low seismic velocity could be estimated using a simple numeric model. From this result, seismic tomography survey and investigation of density of fracture are suitable method for evaluation of an EDZ.
Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Tsusaka, Kimikazu*; Nohara, Shintaro*; Kubota, Kenji*; Tokiwa, Tetsuya*; Kondo, Keiji*; Inagaki, Daisuke*
Proceedings of 8th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium (ARMS-8) (USB Flash Drive), 8 Pages, 2014/10
Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Tsusaka, Kimikazu; Kondo, Keiji; Inagaki, Daisuke
Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics; Structures in and on Rock Masses, p.487 - 492, 2014/05
In a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal project, it will be important to evaluate an Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ). In particular, in an EDZ, new fractures are expected to develop in response to excavation. These fractures can cause increase in permeability of rock mass around the gallery. In order to investigate density of these fractures in an EDZ, the authors integrated information of fracture mapping of a gallery into a result of seismic tomography survey conducted in the Horonobe underground Research Laboratory. As a result, seismic velocity decreased almost linearly as the density of fracture increased. Also, it was found that density of fracture in an EDZ is expected to be evaluated by the trend which is calculated from simple numeric model. This analysis provides useful data for HLW disposal from a viewpoint that one can evaluate condition of fractures in an EDZ using the result of seismic tomography survey.
Kanasaki, Masato; Fukuda, Yuji; Kondo, Kiminori; Oda, Keiji*; Yamauchi, Tomoya*
Reza Kenkyu, 42(2), p.168 - 173, 2014/02
In laser-driven ion acceleration experiments using the cluster-gas targets, a significant amount of fast electrons, which drives the ion acceleration, are produced along with high energy ions with several-tens of MeV. In our recent experiment using CO clusters embedded in H gas conducted with the J-KAREN laser facility (1 J, 40 fs) at JAEA-KPSI, the maximum energy of electrons reaches up to 200 MeV. Such fast electrons can produce photo-neutrons via bremsstrahlung processes followed by photo-nuclear reactions. When the CR-39 is exposed to photo-neutrons, it records etchable tracks of generated ions depending on their species and energy as background noises. In order to diagnose the laser-accelerated protons precisely using CR-39, we have developed the discrimination method for laser-accelerated protons and photo-neutrons on CR-39 based on the incident angle and incident energy.
C and 
O nuclei by low-energy proton beamsAkagi, Takashi*; Yagi, Masashi*; Yamashita, Tomohiro*; Murakami, Masao*; Yamakawa, Yoshiyuki*; Kitamura, Keiji*; Ogura, Koichi; Kondo, Kiminori; Kawanishi, Shunichi*
Radiation Measurements, 59, p.262 - 269, 2013/12
Times Cited Count：16 Percentile：76.68(Nuclear Science & Technology)In proton therapy, positron emitters are induced from C andO nuclei by protons on the beam path in the patient. Many studies for monitoring positron emitters with beam-induced PET technique have been performed by various groups to verify the proton beam range and the dose in the patient for quality assurance. The aim of this study was to develop a method for measuring the production cross sections of positron emitters using standard equipment for proton therapy. The time-activity curve was then obtained with a high-sensitivity PET scanner to extract the number of positron emitters produced in the target. The production cross sections for four reaction channels: O(p,pn)
O, O(p,3p3n)
C, O(p,2p2n)
N, and C(p,pn)C were then measured. The cross sections for the O(p,pn)O reaction channel were consistent with data of previous experiments within the uncertainties, while those of C(p,pn)C were generally lower than data of previous experiments.
Nohara, Shintaro*; Nakata, Eiji*; Suenaga, Hiroshi*; Tanaka, Shiro*; Kubota, Kenji*; Oyama, Takahiro*; Kondo, Keiji
Nihon Oyo Chishitsu Gakkai Heisei-25-Nendo Kenkyu Happyokai Koen Rombunshu, p.129 - 130, 2013/10
no abstracts in English
Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Tsusaka, Kimikazu; Tokiwa, Tetsuya; Kondo, Keiji; Inagaki, Daisuke; Kato, Harumi*
Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on In-situ Rock Stress (RS 2013) (CD-ROM), p.331 - 338, 2013/08
In a high-level radioactive waste disposal, initial stress state is important for designing support and layout of repository. Based on the background, objectives of this paper is to investigate the state of regional stress in detail and change of initial stress state along construction of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL). Hydraulic fracturing tests and observation of the borehole breakouts through borehole televiewer logging have been conducted in the boreholes around the Horonobe URL and in the galleries of the URL. As a result, the values of the stress measured in the boreholes around the URL increased along depth and the orientations of the maximum horizontal stress were different between a map scale fault. In addition, values of initial stresses measured in the galleries were less than those of boreholes around the URL and orientation of the maximum horizontal stress were different in each depth of the gallery. These results suggest that measurements of the stress in the galleries are important for modification of the layout designed before construction of the URL.
Kubota, Kenji*; Kondo, Keiji; Sakakibara, Junichi*
Shadan Hojin Butsuri Tansa Gakkai Dai-128-Kai (Heisei-25-Nendo Shuki) Gakujutsu Koenkai Koen Rombunshu, p.62 - 65, 2013/06
To evaluate the excavated damaged zone (EDZ) is one of the important factors to conduct high level radioactive waste disposal. We have conducted resistivity and acoustic tomography to evaluate EDZ during the excavation of the test tunnel at a depth of 140 m and 250 m. As a result, a few meters extent of high resistivity and low P-wave velocity zone were detected at a depth of 140 m. This suggests that EDZ by excavation of horizontal tunnel was estimated by resistivity and acoustic tomography. On the other hand, high resistivity zone were not detected at a depth of 250 m.
Fukuda, Yuji; Sakaki, Hironao; Kanasaki, Masato; Yogo, Akifumi; Jinno, Satoshi; Tampo, Motonobu*; Faenov, A. Ya.*; Pikuz, T. A.*; Hayashi, Yukio; Kando, Masaki; et al.
Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.8779 (Internet), p.87790F_1 - 87790F_7, 2013/05
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.05(Engineering, Biomedical)We demonstrate a new ion diagnosis method for high energy ions by utilizing a combination of a single CR-39 detector and plastic plates, which enables to detect high energy ions beyond the detection threshold limit of the CR-39. This detection method coupled with a magnetic spectrometer is applied to identify high energy ions of 50 MeV per nucleon in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments using cluster-gas targets.
Fukuda, Yuji; Sakaki, Hironao; Kanasaki, Masato; Yogo, Akifumi; Jinno, Satoshi; Tampo, Motonobu; Faenov, A. Ya.*; Pikuz, T.; Hayashi, Yukio; Kando, Masaki; et al.
Radiation Measurements, 50, p.92 - 96, 2013/03
Times Cited Count：12 Percentile：67.14(Nuclear Science & Technology)A new diagnosis method for high energy ions utilizing a single CR-39 detector mounted on plastic plates is demonstrated to identify the presence of the high energy component beyond the CR-39's detection threshold limit. On irradiation with a 25 MeV per nucleon He ion beam from conventional rf-accelerators, a large number of etch pits having elliptical opening shapes are observed on the rear surface. Detailed investigations reveal that these etch pits are created by heavy ions inelastically backscattered from the plastic plates. This ion detection method is applied to laser-driven ion acceleration experiments using cluster-gas targets, and acceleration of ions with energies up to 50 MeV per nucleon are identified.
Kanasaki, Masato; Hattori, Atsuto; Sakaki, Hironao; Fukuda, Yuji; Yogo, Akifumi; Jinno, Satoshi; Nishiuchi, Mamiko; Ogura, Koichi; Kondo, Kiminori; Oda, Keiji*; et al.
Radiation Measurements, 50, p.46 - 49, 2013/03
Times Cited Count：15 Percentile：74.42(Nuclear Science & Technology)A precise measurement has been made utilizing a stacked CR-39 detectors unit for laser accelerated high intensity protons. The proton beams are derived from a thin polyimide target exposed to an high intense Ti:sapphire laser 8 J energy and 40 fs duration. The sample sets, stacked radiochromic film and CR-39 detectors covered with 13 
m aluminum filter, are irradiated under vacuum condition. By analyzing the etch pits on the last layer of CR-39 which recorded etchable tracks, the proton energy in high energy region is evaluate more precisely than in the past. The residual ranges for each particle in the last layer has been obtained from etch pit growth curves with multi-stepetching technique. The maximum energy of proton is 14.39
0.05 MeV. This method allows us to measure the maximum energy of proton precisely, which is obtained up to the hundredth place in unit of MeV in the laser-driven particle acceleration experiment.
Kondo, Keiji; Tsusaka, Kimikazu; Inagaki, Daisuke; Sugita, Yutaka; Kato, Harumi*; Niunoya, Sumio*
Dai-13-Kai Iwa No Rikigaku Kokunai Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (CD-ROM), p.583 - 588, 2013/01
no abstracts in English
Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Tsusaka, Kimikazu; Tokiwa, Tetsuya; Kondo, Keiji; Inagaki, Daisuke
Dai-13-Kai Iwa No Rikigaku Kokunai Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (CD-ROM), p.905 - 910, 2013/01
In a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal project, quantitative evaluation of the extent of excavation damaged zone (EDZ), which is estimated to cause the mechanical, hydrological and geochemical effect to the rock. In Horonobe URL, P-wave tomography survey and rock core observation in the tomography area were conducted at the depth of 250 m to evaluate EDZ. In addition to these in-situ measurement and observation, the authors conducted numerical analysis to identify damaged zone. As a result of P-wave tomography, remarkable low velocity layer was extended about 0.6 m from the drift wall. From the result of rock core observation, the region which has several EDZ fractures developed to 0.3 m from the gallery wall. Furthermore, the numerical analysis showed that the failure zone was extended about 0.2 m from the drift wall. From these results, the authors concluded that the extension of remarkable low velocity layer matched with the extension of the region which has several EDZ fractures.
Nakayama, Masashi; Amano, Kenji; Tokiwa, Tetsuya; Yamamoto, Yoichi; Oyama, Takuya; Amano, Yuki; Murakami, Hiroaki; Inagaki, Daisuke; Tsusaka, Kimikazu; Kondo, Keiji; et al.
JAEA-Review 2012-035, 63 Pages, 2012/09
JAEA-Review-2012-035.pdf:12.23MB
The Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory Project is planned to extend over a period 20 years. The investigations will be conducted in three phases, namely "Phase 1: Surface-based investigations", "Phase 2: Construction Phase" (investigations during construction of the underground facilities) and "Phase 3: Operation phase"(research in the underground facilities). This report summarizes the results of the investigations for the 2011 fiscal year (2011/2012). The investigations, which are composed of "Geoscientific research" and "R&D on geological disposal technology", were carried out according to "Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory Project Investigation Program for the 2011 Fiscal year". The results of these investigations, along with the results which were obtained in other departments of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), are properly offered to the implementations and the safety regulations. For the sake of this, JAEA has proceeded with the project in collaboration with experts from domestic and overseas research organisations.
Kanasaki, Masato; Yamauchi, Tomoya*; Fukuda, Yuji; Sakaki, Hironao; Hori, Toshihiko*; Tampo, Motonobu; Kurashima, Satoshi; Kamiya, Tomihiro; Oda, Keiji*; Kondo, Kiminori
AIP Conference Proceedings 1465, p.142 - 147, 2012/07
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：46.45(Physics, Applied)A new diagnosis method has been developed utilizing back scattered particles for high energy intense ion beams. The CR-39 detector mounted on the uniform back-scatterer was irradiated with 
He
ions with an energy 25 MeV/n, which is never recorded as etchable track in CR-39. We found that it is possible to diagnose the high energy intense ion beams by analyzing the etch pits created on the rear surface of CR-39 that directly contacted on the back-scatterers. It turns out that most of etch pits in the rear surface are made by the backscattered particles through the investigation of the growth pattern of each etch pit with multi-step etching technique. This method allows simple diagnosis of the ion beam profile and the presence of high energy component of ions beyond the detection threshold limit of the CR-39 in mixed radiation fields such as laser-driven ion acceleration experiments.
Kanasaki, Masato; Fukuda, Yuji; Sakaki, Hironao; Hori, Toshihiko; Tampo, Motonobu; Kondo, Kiminori; Kurashima, Satoshi; Kamiya, Tomihiro; Oda, Keiji*; Yamauchi, Tomoya*
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 51(5), p.056401_1 - 056401_4, 2012/05
Times Cited Count：6 Percentile：26.76(Physics, Applied)A single CR-39 detector mounted on plastic plates is irradiated with a 100 MeV He ion beam. Although the beam energy is much greater than the detection threshold limit of the CR-39 detector, a large number of etch pits having elliptical openings are observed on the rear surface. Detailed investigations reveal that these etch pits are created by heavy ions inelastically backscattered from the plastic plates. This method allows a simple diagnosis of the ion beam profile and the presence of the high-energy component beyond the detection threshold limit of the CR-39 detector, especially in mixed-radiation fields such as laser-driven ion acceleration experiments.
Kanasaki, Masato; Fukuda, Yuji; Sakaki, Hironao; Nishiuchi, Mamiko; Kondo, Kiminori; Kurashima, Satoshi; Kamiya, Tomihiro; Hattori, Atsuto*; Oda, Keiji*; Yamauchi, Tomoya*
Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 88(5), p.261 - 275, 2012/05
CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector, which was developed for optical lens, has been applied for various field such as radon surveys, measurement of galactic cosmic ray, cell irradiation experiment and so on. The CR-39 detectors have the great advantages of being insensitive to high energy photons and electrons and capable of detecting only ions in the mixed fields such as laser driven relativistic plasmas. Though there are some analytical methods of CR-39 to diagnose ion beam, unfortunately, only few researchers in the field of plasma know the methods. This article looks at how to use CR-39 detectors and introduce the accomplishment of the joint study JAEA and Kobe Univ. for application of CR-39 detectors to ion beam diagnosis.
KM1Okazaki, Nobuo; Tamada, Taro; Feese, M. D.*; Kato, Masaru*; Miura, Yutaka*; Komeda, Toshihiro*; Kobayashi, Kazuo*; Kondo, Keiji*; Blaber, M.*; Kuroki, Ryota
Protein Science, 21(4), p.539 - 552, 2012/04
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：6.67(Biochemistry & Molecular Biology)