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Journal Articles

Post fission time evolution calculation by FIFRELIN coupled with PHITS and DCHAIN

Ogawa, Tatsuhiko; Litaize, O.*; Mancusi, D.*; Chebboubi, A.*; Serot, O.*

European Physical Journal A, 58(8), p.153_1 - 153_9, 2022/08

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:34.54(Physics, Nuclear)

The Monte-Carlo code FIFRELIN was originally developed for the simulation of first chance fission of fissile nuclei. It can predict fission observables such as fragment yields and neutron yields accurately by using experimental data and databases. However, FIFRELIN cannot calculate remnant dose and decay heat considering delayed decay of fission fragments. Moreover, FIFRELIN can predict the energy spectra of neutrons and gammas but further transport calculation required generation of heavy external files. In this study, FIFRELIN was interfaced to radiation transport code PHITS to perform burn up calculation and particle transport calculation. Owing to the burn up calculation, decay heat and remnant dose were calculated for given irradiation condition and cooling period. Interface of particle transport calculation by PHITS and FIFRELIN can perform particle transport simulation based on the source term calculated by FIFRELIN.

Journal Articles

New approach to description of ($$d$$,$$xn$$) spectra at energies below 50 MeV in Monte Carlo simulation by intra-nuclear cascade code with distorted wave born approximation

Hashimoto, Shintaro; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Niita, Koji*; Boudard, A.*; Cugnon, J.*; David, J.-C.*; Leray, S.*; Mancusi, D.*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 333, p.27 - 41, 2014/08

 Times Cited Count:21 Percentile:86.56(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Recently, accelerator-based neutron sources have been considered for scientific research and medical applications, where deuteron-induced reactions of Li, Be, or C targets at low ($$<$$50 MeV) incident energies are essential to produce high-intensity neutron beams. Description of the reactions in simulations of particle transport are required to estimate dose distributions. In this study, we developed a new method that combines the Intra-Nuclear Cascade of Li$`e$ge (INCL) and Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA), and incorporated it into the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). A proton-stripping process and transitions between discrete states of nuclei are considered in the method by INCL and DWBA, respectively. We applied the method to reproduce neutron spectra in the reactions on thin and thick targets. Results obtained by PHITS with the method successfully agreed with experimental data, which were not reproduced by the old model.

Journal Articles

New approach for describing nuclear reactions based on intra-nuclear cascade coupled with DWBA

Hashimoto, Shintaro; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Niita, Koji*; Boudard, A.*; Cugnon, J.*; David, J.-C.*; Leray, S.*; Mancusi, D.*

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology (Internet), 4, p.418 - 421, 2014/04

There is a growing interest in the use of accelerator-based neutron sources for scientific and medical applications. For neutron source design, computer codes that can evaluate neutron yields are indispensable; PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) is one of suitable candidates. In this study, we proposed a new nuclear reaction model based on INCL coupled with the DWBA calculation for an accurate calculation of neutron yields. The DWBA calculation describes discrete peaks in neutron spectra. Although these peaks are not the major part of neutron sources, the estimation of their contributions is necessary, since neutrons from the peaks have high energies close to those of the incident particle. We will present the calculation method of our approach and results for proton and deuteron induced reactions on Li, Be, and C targets at incident energies from 10 to 100 MeV.

Journal Articles

Verification of high-energy transport codes on the basis of activation data

Titarenko, Yu. E.*; Batyaev, V. F.*; Butko, M. A.*; Dikarev, D. V.*; Florya, S. N.*; Pavlov, K. V.*; Titarenko, A. Yu.*; Tikhonov, R. S.*; Zhivun, V. M.*; Ignatyuk, A. V.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 84(6), p.064612_1 - 064612_19, 2011/11

 Times Cited Count:21 Percentile:77.18(Physics, Nuclear)

Nuclide production cross sections measured at the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) for the targets of $$^{rm nat}$$Cr, $$^{56}$$Fe, $$^{rm nat}$$Ni, $$^{93}$$Nb, $$^{181}$$Ta, $$^{rm nat}$$W, $$^{rm nat}$$Pb, and $$^{209}$$Bi irradiated by protons with energies from 40 to 2600 MeV were used to estimate the predictive accuracy of several popular high-energy transport codes. A general agreement of the ITEP data with the data obtained by other groups, including the numerous GSI data measured by the inverse kinematics method was found. Simulations of the measured data were performed with a number of codes. Deviation factors between the calculated and experimental cross sections have been estimated for each target and for the whole energy range covered by our measurements. Further improvements of all tested here codes are recommended. In addition, new measurements at ITEP of nuclide yields from the $$^{208}$$Pb target irradiated by 500-MeV protons are presented.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of dose rate reduction in a spacecraft compartment due to additional water shield

Sato, Tatsuhiko; Niita, Koji*; Shurshakov, V. A.*; Yarmanova, E. N.*; Nikolaev, I. V.*; Iwase, Hiroshi*; Sihver, L.*; Mancusi, D.*; Endo, Akira; Matsuda, Norihiro; et al.

Cosmic Research, 49(4), p.319 - 324, 2011/08

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:60.45(Engineering, Aerospace)

HZE particle transport codes are the indispensable tool in the shielding design of spacecrafts. We are therefore developing a general-purpose Monte Carlo code PHITS, which can deal with the transports of all kinds of hadrons and heavy ions with energies up to 200 GeV/n in 3-dimensional phase spaces. The applicability of PHITS to space researches has been well verified by comparing the neutron spectra in spacecrafts calculated by the code with the corresponding experimental data. Recently, PHITS was employed in the estimation of radiation fields in the Russian Service Module in ISS. The results of the estimation indicate that PHITS can reproduce experimental data of the dose reduction rates due to water shielding attached on the wall of the Russian crew cabin fairly well. The details of the calculation procedures will be given in the presentation, together with the results of other applications of PHITS to the space exploration.

Journal Articles

Verification of high-energy transport codes on the basis of activation data

Titarenko, Yu. E.*; Batyaev, V. F.*; Butko, M. A.*; Dikarev, D. V.*; Florya, S. N.*; Pavlov, K. V.*; Titarenko, A. Yu.*; Tikhonov, R. S.*; Zhivun, V. M.*; Ignatyuk, A. V.*; et al.

LA-UR-11-02704, 31 Pages, 2011/06

Nuclide production cross sections measured at ITEP for the targets of $$^{nat}$$Cr, $$^{56}$$Fe,$$^{nat}$$Ni, $$^{93}$$Nb, $$^{181}$$Ta, $$^{nat}$$W, $$^{nat}$$Pb, $$^{209}$$Bi irradiated by protons with energies from 40 to 2600 MeV were used to estimate the predictive accuracy of several popular high-energy transport codes. A general agreement of the ITEP data with the data obtained by other groups, including the numerous GSI data measured by the inverse kinematics method was found. Simulations of the measured data were performed with the MCNPX (Bertini and ISABEL options), CEM03.02, INCL4.2+ABLA, INCL4.5+ABLA07, PHITS, and CASCADE.07 codes. Deviation factors between the calculated and experimental cross sections have been estimated for each target and for the whole energy range covered by our measurements. Further improvements of all tested here codes are recommended.

Journal Articles

Measurement and simulation of the cross sections for nuclide production in $$^{56}$$Fe and $$^{rm nat}$$Cr targets irradiated with 0.04- to 2.6-GeV protons

Titarenko, Yu. E.*; Batyaev, V. F.*; Titarenko, A. Yu.*; Butko, M. A.*; Pavlov, K. V.*; Florya, S. N.*; Tikhonov, R. S.*; Zhivun, V. M.*; Ignatyuk, A. V.*; Mashnik, S. G.*; et al.

Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 74(4), p.523 - 536, 2011/04

 Times Cited Count:14 Percentile:67.05(Physics, Nuclear)

The cross sections for nuclide production in thin $$^{56}$$Fe and $$^{rm nat}$$Cr targets irradiated by 0.04 to 2.6 GeV protons are measured by direct $$gamma$$ spectrometry using two $$gamma$$ spectrometers with the resolutions of 1.8 and 1.7 keV for the $$^{60}$$Co 1332 keV $$gamma$$ line. As a result, 649 yields of radioactive residual product nuclei have been obtained. The $$^{27}$$Al($$p$$, $$x$$)$$^{22}$$Na reaction has been used as a monitor reaction. The experimental data are compared with the MCNPX (BERTINI, ISABEL), CEM03.02, INCL4.2, INCL4.5, PHITS, and CASCADE07 calculations.

Journal Articles

Measurement and simulation of the cross sections for nuclide production in $$^{93}$$Nb and $$^{rm nat}$$Ni targets irradiated with 0.04- to 2.6-GeV protons

Titarenko, Yu. E.*; Batyaev, V. F.*; Titarenko, A. Yu.*; Butko, M. A.*; Pavlov, K. V.*; Florya, S. N.*; Tikhonov, R. S.*; Zhivun, V. M.*; Ignatyuk, A. V.*; Mashnik, S. G.*; et al.

Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 74(4), p.537 - 550, 2011/04

 Times Cited Count:20 Percentile:77.18(Physics, Nuclear)

The cross sections for nuclide production in thin $$^{93}$$Nb and $$^{rm nat}$$Ni targets irradiated by 0.04 to 2.6 GeV protons are measured by direct $$gamma$$ spectrometry using two $$gamma$$ spectrometers with the resolutions of 1.8 and 1.7 keV for the $$^{60}$$Co 1332-keV $$gamma$$ line. As a result, 1112 yields of radioactive residual product nuclei have been obtained. The $$^{27}$$Al($$p$$, $$x$$)$$^{22}$$Na reaction has been used as a monitor reaction. The experimental data are compared with the MCNPX (BERTINI, ISABEL), CEM03.02, INCL4.2, INCL4.5, PHITS, and CASCADE07 calculations.

Journal Articles

Measurement and simulation of the cross sections for nuclide production in $$^{rm nat}$$W and $$^{181}$$Ta targets irradiated with 0.04- to 2.6-GeV protons

Titarenko, Yu. E.*; Batyaev, V. F.*; Titarenko, A. Yu.*; Butko, M. A.*; Pavlov, K. V.*; Florya, S. N.*; Tikhonov, R. S.*; Zhivun, V. M.*; Ignatyuk, A. V.*; Mashnik, S. G.*; et al.

Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 74(4), p.551 - 572, 2011/04

 Times Cited Count:32 Percentile:85.54(Physics, Nuclear)

The cross sections for nuclide production in thin $$^{rm nat}$$W and $$^{181}$$Ta targets irradiated by 0.04 to 2.6GeV protons are measured by direct $$gamma$$ spectrometry using two $$gamma$$ spectrometers with the resolutions of 1.8 and 1.7 keV for the $$^{60}$$Co 1332-keV $$gamma$$ line. As a result, 1895 yields of radioactive residual product nuclei have been obtained. The $$^{27}$$Al($$p$$, $$x$$)$$^{22}$$Na reaction has been used as a monitor reaction. The experimental data are compared with the MCNPX (BERTINI, ISABEL), CEM03.02, INCL4.2, INCL4.5, PHITS, and CASCADE07 calculations.

Journal Articles

Measurement and simulation of the cross sections for the production of $$^{148}$$Gd in thin $$^{rm nat}$$W and $$^{181}$$Ta targets irradiated with 0.4- to 2.6-GeV protons

Titarenko, Yu. E.*; Batyaev, V. F.*; Titarenko, A. Yu.*; Butko, M. A.*; Pavlov, K. V.*; Florya, S. N.*; Tikhonov, R. S.*; Zhivun, V. M.*; Ignatyuk, A. V.*; Mashnik, S. G.*; et al.

Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 74(4), p.573 - 579, 2011/04

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:49.81(Physics, Nuclear)

The cross sections for the production of $$^{148}$$Gd in $$^{rm nat}$$W and $$^{181}$$Ta targets irradiated by 0.4-, 0.6-, 0.8-, 1.2-, 1.6-, and 2.6-GeV protons at the ITEP accelerator complex have been measured by direct $$alpha$$ spectrometry without chemical separation. The experimental data have been compared with the data obtained at other laboratories and with the theoretical simulations of the yields on the basis of the BERTINI, ISABEL, CEM03.02, INCL4.2, INCL4.5, CASCADE07, and PHITS codes.

Journal Articles

Recent developments of the PHITS code

Niita, Koji*; Iwase, Hiroshi*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Matsuda, Norihiro; Sakamoto, Yukio; Nakashima, Hiroshi; Mancusi, D.*; Sihver, L.*

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology (Internet), 1, p.1 - 6, 2011/02

PHITS, the general-purpose Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, has been used for various research fields such as radiation science, accelerator and its shielding design, space research, medical application, material research, and so on. Further developments and improvements for general-purpose, multi-particles, wide-energy range, reliable and easy-use Monte-Carlo calculations, are actively performed by the collaboration between RIST, JAEA, KEK, and Chalmers University. PHITS provides also accurate biological-dose and DPA value just by switching the build-in function, and it is an advance to other codes. Recent developments of the PHITS code will be presented, especially integrating EGS5 and high energy physics extension.

Journal Articles

PHITS simulations of the Matroshka experiment

Gustafsson, K.*; Sihver, L.*; Mancusi, D.*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Reitz, G.*; Berger, T.*

Advances in Space Research, 46(10), p.1266 - 1272, 2010/11

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:58.41(Engineering, Aerospace)

A method for benchmarking and developing the code is to simulate experiments performed in space or on Earth. We have carried out the PHITS simulations of the Matroshka experiment which focus on determining the radiation load on astronauts inside and outside the International Space Station by using a torso of a tissue equivalent human phantom, filled with active and passive detectors located in the positions of critical tissues and organs. We will present status and results of our simulations.

Journal Articles

An Update about recent development of the PHITS code

Sihver, L.*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Gustafsson, K.*; Mancusi, D.*; Iwase, Hiroshi*; Niita, Koji*; Nakashima, Hiroshi; Sakamoto, Yukio; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Matsuda, Norihiro

Advances in Space Research, 45(7), p.892 - 899, 2010/04

 Times Cited Count:26 Percentile:81.13(Engineering, Aerospace)

We will first present the current status of the General-Purpose Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS). In particular, we will describe benchmarking of calculated cross sections against measurements; we will introduce a relativistically covariant version of JQMD, called R-JQMD, that features an improved ground-state initialization algorithm, and we will show heavy-ion charge-changing cross sections simulated with R-JQMD and compare them to experimental data and to results predicted by the JQMD model.

Journal Articles

The Present status of the PHITS code

Niita, Koji*; Nakashima, Hiroshi; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Matsuda, Norihiro; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Sakamoto, Yukio; Iwase, Hiroshi*; Sihver, L.*; Mancusi, D.*

Proceedings of 8th Specialists' Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF-8), p.313 - 320, 2010/03

A particle and heavy ion transport code is an essential implement in the design study of accelerator facilities for various purposes such as radiotheraphy, spallation neutron source and rare isotopes production, and also in space technology. We have therefore developed a multi-purpose particle and heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code system, PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System), based on the NMTC/JAM code. PHITS has three important ingredients which enable us to simulate (1) hadron-nucleus reactions with energies up to 200 GeV, (2) nucleus-nucleus collisions from 10 MeV/nucleon up to 100 GeV/nucleon, (3) transports of heavy ions, all hadrons including low energy neutrons down to 10$$^{-5}$$eV, and leptons. In this paper, we report a brief description of the models incorporated in the PHITS code and the present status of the code, showing some benchmarking tests of the PHITS code for accelerator facilities.

Journal Articles

Shielding design of spacecrafts using PHITS

Sato, Tatsuhiko; Sihver, L.*; Gustafsson, K.*; Mancusi, D.*; Niita, Koji*

Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 99(1), P. 592, 2008/11

Accurate particle and heavy ion transport codes are required for estimating the radiation risk for personnel and electronic equipment on spacecrafts, as well as estimating the effects of different shielding materials. We are therefore developing and benchmarking a general purpose Monte Carlo code PHITS, which can deal with the transports of all kinds of hadrons and heavy ions with energies up to 200 GeV/n.

Journal Articles

Benchmarking of calculated projectile fragmentation cross-sections using the 3-D, MC codes PHITS, FLUKA, HETC-HEDS, MCNPX_HI, and NUCFRG2

Sihver, L.*; Mancusi, D.*; Niita, Koji*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Townsend, L.*; Farmer, C.*; Pinsky, L.*; Ferrari, A.*; Cerutti, F.*; Gomes, I.*

Acta Astronautica, 63(7-10), p.865 - 877, 2008/10

 Times Cited Count:32 Percentile:86.99(Engineering, Aerospace)

A reliable and accurate particle and heavy ion transport code is an essential implement in the design study of accelerator facilities as well as for other various applications such as, spallation neutron sources, rare isotopes production, and radiation protection. Today several particle and heavy ion MC transport codes exist, e.g. PHITS, HETC-HEDS, SHIELD-HIT, GEANT4, FLUKA, and MCNPX. In this paper, we present an extensive bench marking of the calculated projectile fragmentation cross sections from the reactions of 200-1000 MeV/n $$^{4}$$He, $$^{12}$$C, $$^{4}$$N, $$^{6}$$O, $$^{20}$$Ne, $$^{28}$$Si,$$^{40}$$Ar, and $$^{56}$$Fe, which are relevant to space radioprotection, using PHITS, FLUKA, HETC-HEDS, and MCNPX_HI, against measurements performed by C. Zeitlin et al, at LBNL. The influence of the different models used in the different transport codes on the calculated results is discussed.

Journal Articles

PHITS; Benchmark of partial charge-changing cross sections for intermediate-mass systems

Mancusi, D.*; Sihver, L.*; Gustafsson, K.*; La Tessa, C.*; Guetersloh, S.*; Zeitlin, C.*; Miller, J.*; Heilbronn, L.*; Niita, Koji*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 254(1), p.30 - 38, 2007/01

 Times Cited Count:17 Percentile:73.84(Instruments & Instrumentation)

The PHITS code is a three-dimensional Monte Carlo code that is able to simulate the transport of nuclei and other particles in complicated geometries. As a part of a comprehensive benchmarking program, we have investigated the possibility of using PHITS to calculate partial charge-changing cross sections and we have compared the results with measurements. The results suggest that the current reaction-cross-section models might be inadequate for use in space radiation protection: We therefore claim the need for a thorough benchmarking of the models and for new reaction-cross-section measurements and experimental techniques.

Journal Articles

Recent developments and benchmarking of the PHITS code

Sihver, L.*; Mancusi, D.*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Niita, Koji*; Iwase, Hiroshi*; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Matsuda, Norihiro; Nakashima, Hiroshi; Sakamoto, Yukio

Advances in Space Research, 40(9), p.1320 - 1331, 2007/00

 Times Cited Count:29 Percentile:84.32(Engineering, Aerospace)

The General-Purpose Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS) is based on NMTC and MCNP for nucleon/meson and neutron transport respectively; it includes the JAM hadron cascade model for high energy particle-induced reactions and JQMD for nucleus-nucleus collisions; the evaporation and/or fission stage of the reactions is handled by the GEM code. The experimental partial fragmentation cross sections appear to be systematically underestimated by a factor which is independent on the fragment species within the same data set. However, the simulated neutron energy spectra show generally a good agreement with measurements, and so do the attenuation and Bragg curves. These observations stimulate further benchmarking and give directions on possible improvements to be applied to the code in the near future.

Oral presentation

PHITS simulations of BNCP and heavy ion therapy

Niita, Koji*; Sihver, L.*; Mancusi, D.*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Iwase, Hiroshi*; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Matsuda, Norihiro; Sakamoto, Yukio; Nakashima, Hiroshi

no journal, , 

The paper presents a summary of the recent development of the multi-purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS. In particular, we discuss in detail the development of the event-generator mode (for low energy neutron transport) and the state of the art of JQMD (for heavy ion collisions), incorporated in PHITS. The paper also presents benchmark comparisons with experimental data and applications of the code including BNCT and heavy ion radiotherapy, which is currently attracting a growing interest worldwide

Oral presentation

PHITS simulations of measured radio-therapeutic C-9 beams

Sihver, L.*; Mancusi, D.*; Niita, Koji*; Li, Q.*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Iwase, Hiroshi*; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Matsuda, Norihiro; Sakamoto, Yukio; Nakashima, Hiroshi

no journal, , 

For the application of beta-delayed particle decay 9C beams, we have simulated C-9 depth-dose distributions and compared it with the experimental data measured at the secondary beam line of the HIMAC facility in Chiba, Japan, using the General-Purpose Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The simulated results, together with the measurements will be presented in this paper.

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