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Journal Articles

Validation of gas entrainment evaluation method in simplified hot plenum model of sodium cooled fast reactor

Ezure, Toshiki; Akimoto, Yuta; Matsushita, Kentaro; Tanaka, Masaaki

Dai-27-Kai Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 5 Pages, 2023/09

In hot plenums of sodium-cooled fast reactors, restriction of cover gas entrainment caused by vortex dimples on the free surface is an important thermal-hydraulic issue. For this reason, the authors have developed an evaluation method of gas entrainment with an evaluation tool named, StreamViewer. In this study, evaluation using StreamViewer was applied to a water experiment having a simplified hot pool geometry aiming at the validation of the evaluation method toward the application to the evaluation of a pool-type sodium cooled fast reactor. In StreamViewer, the three-dimensional distribution of pressure decrease along the vortex center line was calculated from the velocity distribution obtained by CFD analyses, and the free surface dimple depth was obtained from the hydraulic balance with the pressure distribution and the cover gas pressure. As the results, it was confirmed that the onset of gas entrainment could be predicted appropriately based on the above-mentioned calculation method.

Journal Articles

Development of a design optimization framework for sodium-cooled fast reactors, 2; Development of optimization analysis control function

Doda, Norihiro; Nakamine, Yoshiaki*; Kuwagaki, Kazuki; Hamase, Erina; Kikuchi, Norihiro; Yoshimura, Kazuo; Matsushita, Kentaro; Tanaka, Masaaki

Keisan Kogaku Koenkai Rombunshu (CD-ROM), 28, 5 Pages, 2023/05

As a part of the development of the "Advanced Reactor Knowledge- and AI-aided Design Integration Approach through the whole plant lifecycle (ARKADIA)" to automatically optimize the life cycle of innovative nuclear reactors including fast reactors, ARKADIA-design is being developed to support the optimization of fast reactor in the conceptual design stage. ARKADIA-Design consists of three systems (Virtual plant Life System (VLS), Evaluation assistance and Application System (EAS), and Knowledge Management System (KMS)). A design optimization framework controls the connection between the three systems through the interfaces in each system. This paper reports on the development of an optimization analysis control function that performs design optimization analysis combining plant behavior analysis by VLS and optimization study by EAS.

Journal Articles

Development of evaluation method of gas entrainment on the free surface in the reactor vessel in pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactors; Gas entrainment judgment based on three-dimensional evaluation of vortex center line and distribution of pressure decrease

Matsushita, Kentaro; Ezure, Toshiki; Imai, Yasutomo*; Fujisaki, Tatsuya*; Tanaka, Masaaki

Proceedings of 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 29) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2022/08

Development of evaluation method for cover gas entrainment (GE) by vortices generated at free surface in upper plenum of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is required. GE evaluation tool, named StreamViewer, based on method using numerical results of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis for loop-type SFRs has been developed. In this study, modification of evaluation method of StreamViewer to rationalize conservativeness in evaluation results was examined by identifying vortex center lines and calculating three-dimensional distribution of pressure decrease along vortex center lines. The applicability of modified method was checked using water experimental result in rectangular open channel where unsteady vortices are generated. As the result, it was indicated that evaluation results on gas core depth which were excessive in current method were improved in modified method, and it is confirmed that modified method may discriminate onset of GE with appropriate criteria.

Journal Articles

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors

Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Morishita, Masaki*; Aizawa, Kosuke; Ando, Masanori; Ashida, Takashi; Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Doda, Norihiro; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Ezure, Toshiki; Fukano, Yoshitaka; et al.

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors; JSME Series in Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, Vol.3, 631 Pages, 2022/07

This book is a collection of the past experience of design, construction, and operation of two reactors, the latest knowledge and technology for SFR designs, and the future prospects of SFR development in Japan. It is intended to provide the perspective and the relevant knowledge to enable readers to become more familiar with SFR technology.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of gas entrainment flow rate by free surface vortex

Torikawa, Tomoaki*; Odaira, Naoya*; Ito, Daisuke*; Ito, Kei*; Saito, Yasushi*; Matsushita, Kentaro; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki

Konsoryu, 36(1), p.63 - 69, 2022/03

On free surface of a sodium cooled fast reactor, gas entrainment can be caused by free surface vortices, which may result in disturbance in core power. It is important to develop an evaluation model to predict accurately entrained gas flow rate. In this study, entrained gas flow rate a simple gas entrainment experiment is conducted with focusing on effect of pressure difference between upper and lower tanks. Pressure difference between upper and lower tanks are controlled by changing gas pressure in lower tank. As a result, it is confirmed that the entrained gas flow rate increases with increasing pressure difference between upper and lower tanks. By visualization of swirling annular flow in suction pipe, it is also observed that pressure drop in suction pipe increases with increase in entrained gas flow rate, which implies that entrained gas flow rate can be predicted by evaluation model based on pressure drop in swirling annular flow region.

Journal Articles

Gas entrainment phenomenon from free liquid surface in a sodium-cooled fast reactor; Measurements and evaluation on a gas core growth form the liquid surface

Uchida, Mao*; Alzahrani, H.*; Shiono, Mikihito*; Sakai, Takaaki*; Matsushita, Kentaro; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki

Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 16 Pages, 2022/03

Gas entrainment from cover gas is one of key issues for sodium-cooled fast reactors design to prevent unexpected effects to core reactivity. A vortex model based evaluation method has been developed to evaluate the surface vortex gas core growth at the free surface in the reactor vessel. In this study, water experiments were performed to clarify the prediction accuracy for the vortex gas core growth during the vortex drift motion using a circulating water tunnel with an open flow channel test section. Gas core growth were predicted by applying the evaluation method to the numerical analyses performed in the same geometry of the experiments, and compared with the experimental results. It was observed the gas core growth became large at downstream region where downward velocity became large in experiment. However, the gas core length which were predicted from numerical result showed a discrepancy with the experimental result on the peak position and an overestimation of peak value.

Journal Articles

Development of numerical analysis codes for multi-level and multi-physics approaches in an advanced reactor design study

Tanaka, Masaaki; Doda, Norihiro; Mori, Takero; Yokoyama, Kenji; Uwaba, Tomoyuki; Okajima, Satoshi; Matsushita, Kentaro; Hashidate, Ryuta; Yada, Hiroki

Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 16 Pages, 2022/03

Japan Atomic Energy Agency is developing an innovative design system named ARKADIA to achieve the design of an advanced nuclear reactor as a safe, economic, and sustainable carbon-free energy source. In the first phase of its development, ARKADIA-Design for design study and ARKADIA-Safety for safety assessment will be developed individually. In this paper, focusing on the ARKADIA-Design, the concept of the system is described and numerical analysis codes to be used for the multi-level and multi-physics analyses are introduced. Descriptions of the practical functions composed by the analysis codes and the representative problems in application studies for validation are introduced.

Journal Articles

Development of analysis method of gas entrainment phenomena from free surface due to unsteady vortex (Evaluation of three-dimensional distribution of reduction of pressure and identification of unsteady vortex center line)

Matsushita, Kentaro; Ezure, Toshiki; Imai, Yasutomo*; Fujisaki, Tatsuya*; Tanaka, Masaaki

Nihon Kikai Gakkai Kanto Shibu Ibaraki Koenkai 2021-Nendo Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2021/08

For evaluation of gas entrainment phenomenon at free surface in reactor vessel of sodium-cooled fast reactor, the gas entrainment evaluation tool named "Stream Viewer" has been developed. In Stream Viewer, depth of surface vortex dimple is predicted by calculating pressure decrease at the vortex center using velocity distribution around the vortex and Burgers vortex model. In this report, a method to identify continuous vortex center lines from a velocity distribution is newly developed. It becomes possible to evaluate three-dimensional distribution of pressure decrease along vortex center line. Then, the method is validated by applying Stream Viewer to an open channel experiment. As the result, it was confirmed that vortex center lines were successfully identified by the improved Stream Viewer. Moreover, it was also shown that the evaluation accuracy of gas entrainment was expected to be improved by considering distribution of pressure decrease along vortex center line.

Journal Articles

The Examination of advanced analysis method on unsteady gas entrainment vortex applying AMR method

Matsushita, Kentaro; Fujisaki, Tatsuya*; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki; Uchida, Mao*; Sakai, Takaaki*

Keisan Kogaku Koenkai Rombunshu (CD-ROM), 26, 6 Pages, 2021/05

For the gas entrainment vortex at the free surface in sodium-cooled fast reactors, development of the numerical analysis method to evaluate amount of the gas entrainment from the free surface has been developing. In this paper, the automatic creation of analysis meshes which can suppress the calculation cost while maintaining the prediction accuracy of the vortex shape is investigated, and the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method is examined to the creation of analysis mesh applying to the unsteady vortex system. The refined mesh based on the criterion evaluated by vorticity, Q-value as second invariant of the velocity and the discriminant for the eigen equation of the velocity gradient tensor is considered, and it found that the AMR method based on Q-value can refine the analysis meshes most efficiently.

Journal Articles

Study on evaluation method for entrained gas flow rate by free surface vortex

Ito, Kei*; Ito, Daisuke*; Saito, Yasushi*; Ezure, Toshiki; Matsushita, Kentaro; Tanaka, Masaaki; Imai, Yasutomo*

Proceedings of 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18) (USB Flash Drive), p.6632 - 6642, 2019/08

In this paper, a mechanistic model is proposed to calculate the entrained gas flow rate by a free surface vortex. The model contains the theoretical equation of transient gas core elongation and the empirical equation of critical gas core length for gas bubble detachment. Based on those two equations, the entrained gas flow rate is calculated as the portion of the gas core elongated beyond the critical gas core length per unit time. Then, the mechanistic model was applied to the calculation of the entrained gas flow rate in a simple water experiment. As a result, it is confirmed that the entrained gas flow rate grows rapidly when the liquid (water) flow rate, which determine the strength of a free surface vortex, exceeds a certain threshold value.

Journal Articles

Study on analysis method for inert gas behavior in liquid metal flow with considering dissolution and entrainment at free surface

Matsushita, Kentaro; Ito, Kei*; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki

Dai-24-Kai Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (USB Flash Drive), 5 Pages, 2019/06

In the design study on a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), a numerical simulation code named SYRENA has been developed in Japan Atomic Energy Agency to analyze the behavior of gas bubbles and/or dissolved gas in the primary coolant system. In the present study, the effect of the non-condensable gas entrainment at the free surface on the bubble and the dissolved gas behavior in the primary coolant system were investigated for a typical pool type reactor, and also effect of a dipped-plate (D/P) installed below the free surface in the reactor vessel to suppress the gas bubble entrainment into the primary coolant system was especially investigated. It was clarified that the D/P was influential to the non-condensable gas behavior and the molar flow rate of gas bubbles in the primary coolant system varies depending on the relationship between the gas entrainment rate at the free surface and the exchange flow rate through the D/P.

Journal Articles

Parametric analysis of bubble and dissolved gas behavior in primary coolant system of sodium-cooled fast reactors

Matsushita, Kentaro; Ito, Kei*; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2019/05

A numerical simulation code named SYRENA has been developed in JAEA to analyze the behavior of entrained bubbles and dissolved gas in the primary coolant of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). In the present study, a flow network model of SYRENA to a hypothetical pool type reactor was developed and the non-condensable gas behavior was investigated through the comparison with that in the loop type reactor. The effect of the dipped-plate (D/P) tentatively introduced into the pool-type reactor on the gas behavior was investigated through the parametric analyses about the sodium exchange flow rate through the D/P and the gas entrainment rate at the free surface. It was suggested that the increase in the exchange flow rate through the D/P doesn't always work to decrease the bubble volume in the primary coolant system.

Journal Articles

Recent progress in the energy recovery linac project in Japan

Sakanaka, Shogo*; Akemoto, Mitsuo*; Aoto, Tomohiro*; Arakawa, Dai*; Asaoka, Seiji*; Enomoto, Atsushi*; Fukuda, Shigeki*; Furukawa, Kazuro*; Furuya, Takaaki*; Haga, Kaiichi*; et al.

Proceedings of 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC '10) (Internet), p.2338 - 2340, 2010/05

Future synchrotron light source using a 5-GeV energy recovery linac (ERL) is under proposal by our Japanese collaboration team, and we are conducting R&D efforts for that. We are developing high-brightness DC photocathode guns, two types of cryomodules for both injector and main superconducting (SC) linacs, and 1.3 GHz high CW-power RF sources. We are also constructing the Compact ERL (cERL) for demonstrating the recirculation of low-emittance, high-current beams using above-mentioned critical technologies.

Journal Articles

Preparation of fullerenes by arc discharge method; Effects of deposition temperature

Otsuki, Ryusei*; Nasu, Shoichi*; Matsushita, Masaki*; Fujii, Kimio; Ohashi, Kentaro*; Yamamoto, Ryoichi*

Funtai Oyobi Fummatsu Yakin, 51(8), p.633 - 634, 2004/08

We examined effects of deposition temperatures and collector radii onthe yields of fullerenes by arc discharge. Yields of fullerenes were 7-10%, 4-6% and 0.5-1% in the liquid nitrogen-cooling, water-cooling, non-cooling, respectively, and were better with a collector radius of 50mm than with that of 30mm. The weight ratios of C$$_{60}$$/C$$_{70}$$ are about one for all runs of experiments.

Oral presentation

Soft X-ray natural circular dichroism of amino acids

Nakagawa, Kazumichi*; Tanaka, Masahito*; Izumi, Yudai*; Agui, Akane; Yokoya, Akinari; Fujii, Kentaro; Muro, Takayuki*; Matsushita, Tomohiro*

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Development of simulation code of bubble and dissolved gas behavior in sodium-cooled fast reactor primary coolant system, 1; Study on analytical model for tank type reactor

Matsushita, Kentaro; Ito, Kei*; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki

no journal, , 

In a sodium-cooled fast reactor, from the viewpoint of prevention of core reactivity disturbance, it is important to evaluate the bubbles and dissolved gas behavior in the primary coolant system due to gas entrainment. For this reason, a numerical simulation code SYRENA for bubble and dissolved gas behavior analysis in the fast reactor primary coolant system has been developed in JAEA. In this study, a flow network model of SYRENA for tank type reactor was constructed and numerical simulations aiming to compare the bubble behavior characteristics in the loop type reactor and the tank type reactor was performed as a part of the fundamental validations of the flow network model of SYRENA. As the result, it was clarified that the differences regarding the bubbles and dissolved gas behavior between two different type reactors were indicated.

Oral presentation

Study on bubble and dissolved gas behavior in liquid sodium; Modeling and evaluation of gas behavior in pool type sodium-cooled fast reactors

Matsushita, Kentaro; Ito, Kei*; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki

no journal, , 

A numerical simulation code named SYRENA has been developed in JAEA to analyze the behavior of entrained bubbles and dissolved gas in the primary coolant of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). In the present study, a flow network model for a pool-type SFR was newly developed in SYRENA and the non-condensable gas behavior in the pool type SFR was analyzed. A dipped-plate (D/P) model was introduced into the flow network to investigate influences of D/P installation on the non-condensable behavior in the pool-type reactor. A parametric study was performed on the exchange flow rate through the D/P and the gas entrainment rate at the free surface existing above the D/P. The non-condensable gas behavior under various flow conditions, e.g. gas entrainment rate condition, was obtained. Especially, it was observed that the bubble volume in the primary coolant system changed with the exchange flow rate though the change ratio is dependent on the gas entrainment.

Oral presentation

Development of evaluation method for the non-condensable gas behavior in primary coolant system of sodium-cooled fast reactor; Effect of dipped-plate on bubble behavior in pool type reactor

Matsushita, Kentaro; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki; Ito, Kei*

no journal, , 

A numerical simulation code named SYRENA has been developed in Japan Atomic Energy Agency to analyze non-condensable gas behavior in primary coolant system. In this study, for a typical pool type reactor with a horizontal plate (dipped-plate:D/P) below the free surface of a hot plenum to suppress bubble entrainment into primary coolant system and to prevent fluctuation of free surface, non-condensable gas behavior in primary coolant system was evaluated with SYRENA. Parametric analyses was performed on sodium exchange flow rate through D/P and Ar bubble entrainment rate at free surface. It was clarified that effect on void fraction at core inlet by change of Ar bubble entrainment rate at free surface is greater than that by exchange flow rate through D/P. It was implied that suppressing Ar bubble entrainment at free surface by D/P suppressed increasing void fraction of the total bubbles in primary coolant system.

Oral presentation

Development of identification method of unsteady gas entrainment vortex; Evaluation of three dimensional behavior of free vortex by identification of vortex center line

Matsushita, Kentaro; Ezure, Toshiki; Imai, Yasutomo*; Fujisaki, Tatsuya*; Tanaka, Masaaki

no journal, , 

In safety design of sodium-cooled fast reactor, generation of a cover gas entrainment vortex at free surface in upper plenum is an issue. It is necessary to evaluate gas entrainment vortex by numerical analysis, and gas entrainment amount evaluation tool "Stream Viewer" based on velocity distribution obtained by numerical analysis is developed. In this report, as a part of the development of Stream Viewer, evaluation method to identify vortex center line from free surface is examined to evaluate three dimensional behavior of gas entrainment vortex. The evaluation method was applied to an open channel water test in which an wake vortex is generated unsteadily from the plate. It was confirmed that vortex center line can be identified and a vortex that propagates to downstream and gas core grows can be distinguished from a vortex in which gas core does not grow by evaluation method of the vortex center line.

Oral presentation

Effect of pressure gradient along axial direction of vortex-core on gas entrainment flow rate

Torikawa, Tomoaki*; Odaira, Naoya*; Ito, Daisuke*; Ito, Kei*; Saito, Yasushi*; Matsushita, Kentaro; Ezure, Toshiki; Tanaka, Masaaki

no journal, , 

On free surface of a sodium cooled fast reactor, gas entrainment can be caused by free surface vortices, which may result in disturbance in core power. It is important to develop an evaluation model to predict accurately entrained gas flow rate. In this study, the effect of pressure gradient in vortex axis direction on the gas entrainment flow rate is investigated in a simple gas experimental apparatus, in which upper and lower tanks are connected by a suction pipe. As a result, it was observed that there are two flow regime: swirling annular flow regime shows the tendency that only the gas entrainment flow rate increases with almost constant pressure gradient, then, when liquid plug is induced by the development of free surface disturbance, the gas entrainment flow rate increases as the pressure gradient increases. In addition, it was confirmed that the transformation of those two flow regimes is advanced by higher liquid level in the upper tank.

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