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Journal Articles

Study on eutectic melting behavior of control rod materials in core disruptive accidents of sodium-cooled fast reactors, 1; Project overview and progress until 2020

Yamano, Hidemasa; Takai, Toshihide; Emura, Yuki; Fukuyama, Hiroyuki*; Higashi, Hideo*; Nishi, Tsuyoshi*; Ota, Hiromichi*; Morita, Koji*; Nakamura, Kinya*; Fukai, Hirofumi*; et al.

Proceedings of 13th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-13) (Internet), 12 Pages, 2022/09

This paper describes the project overview and progress of experimental and analytical studies conducted until 2020. Specific results in this paper are the measurement of the eutectic reaction rates and the validation of physical model describing the eutectic reaction in the analysis code through the numerical analysis of the B$$_{4}$$C-SS eutectic reaction rate experiments in which a B$$_{4}$$C pellet was placed in a SS crucible.

Journal Articles

Now is the time of fast reactor

Negishi, Hitoshi; Kamide, Hideki; Maeda, Seiichiro; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Abe, Tomoyuki

Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO$$Sigma$$, 62(8), p.438 - 441, 2020/08

Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, Monju, was under decommission since April, 2018. It is the first time for Japan to make a sodium cooled reactor into decommission. It is significant work and will take 30 years. The Monju has provided wide spectrum and huge amount of findings and knowledge, e.g., design, R&D, manufacturing, construction, and operation up to 40% of full power over 50 years of development history. It is significant to utilize such findings and knowledge for the development and commercialization of a fast rector in Japan.

JAEA Reports

Final report on feasibility study of Pu monitoring and solution measurement of high active liquid waste containing fission product at Reprocessing Facility

Sekine, Megumi; Matsuki, Takuya; Suzuki, Satoshi*; Tsutagi, Koichi; Nishida, Naoki; Kitao, Takahiko; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Nakamura, Hironobu; LaFleur, A.*; Browne, M.*

JAEA-Technology 2019-023, 160 Pages, 2020/03

JAEA-Technology-2019-023.pdf:9.43MB

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has proposed in its Research and Development plan (STR-385), the development of technology to enable real-time flow measurement of nuclear material as a part of an advanced approach to effective and efficient safeguards for reprocessing facilities. To address this, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been tackling development of a new detector to enable monitoring of Pu in solutions with numerous FPs as a joint research program with U.S. DOE to cover whole reprocessing process. In this study, High Active Liquid Waste (HALW) Storage Facility in Tokai Reprocessing Plant was used as the test field. At first, the design information of HALW storage tank and radiation (type and intensity) were investigated to develop a Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) model. And then, dose rate distribution outside/ inside of the concrete cell where the HALW tank is located was measured to design new detectors and check MCNP model applicability. Using the newly designed detectors, gamma rays and neutron were continuously measured at the outside/ inside of the concrete cell to assess the radiation characteristics and to optimize detector position. Finally, the applicability for Pu monitoring technology was evaluated based on the simulation results and gamma-ray/neutron measurement results. We have found that there is possibility to monitor the change of Pu amount in solution by combination both of gamma-ray and neutron measurement. The results of this study suggested the applicability and capability of the Pu motoring to enhance safeguards for entire reprocessing facility which handles Pu with FP as a feasibility study. This is final report of this project.

Journal Articles

Feasibility study result of advanced solution measurement and monitoring technology for reprocessing facility

Sekine, Megumi; Matsuki, Takuya; Suzuki, Satoshi*; Tsutagi, Koichi; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Nakamura, Hironobu; LaFleur, A.*; Browne, M.*

Proceedings of IAEA Symposium on International Safeguards; Building Future Safeguards Capabilities (Internet), 8 Pages, 2018/11

The IAEA has proposed, in its Research and Development plan (STR-385), the development of technology to enable real-time flow measurement of nuclear material as part of an advanced approach to effective and efficient safeguards for reprocessing facilities. To address this, JAEA and JNFL had previously designed and developed a neutron coincidence based non-destructive assay system to monitor Pu in solution directly after a purification process. To enhance this technology for entire reprocessing facilities, as a feasibility study, JAEA has been tackling development of a new detector to enable monitoring of Pu in solutions with numerous fission products (FPs) as a joint research program with the U.S. DOE. In this study, the High Active Liquid Waste (HALW) Storage Facility in Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP) was used as the test bed. The design information of the HALW storage tank and radiation (type and intensity) were investigated, to develop a Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) model. Then, dose rate distribution inside the concrete cell where the HALW tank is located was measured, to enable design of new detectors and check the integrity of the MCNP model and its applicability. Using the newly-designed detectors, $$gamma$$-rays and neutrons could be measured continuously at the outside/inside of the concrete cell, to optimize detector position and the radiation characteristics. The applicability as a Pu-monitoring technology was evaluated, based on the simulation results and $$gamma$$-ray/neutron measurement results. We have found that there is a possibility to monitor the change of Pu amount in solution by combination of $$gamma$$-ray and neutron measurements. The results of this study suggest a feasibility study into the applicability and capability of Pu monitoring to enhance the entire reprocessing facility handling Pu with FPs. In this paper, a summary of the project will be presented.

Journal Articles

Demonstration of $$gamma$$-ray pipe-monitoring capabilities for real-time process monitoring safeguards applications in reprocessing facilities

Rodriguez, D.; Tanigawa, Masafumi; Nishimura, Kazuaki; Mukai, Yasunobu; Nakamura, Hironobu; Kurita, Tsutomu; Takamine, Jun; Suzuki, Satoshi*; Sekine, Megumi; Rossi, F.; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 55(7), p.792 - 804, 2018/07

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Nuclear material in reprocessing facilities is safeguarded by random sample verification with additional continuous monitoring applied to solution masses and volume in important tanks to maintain continuity-of-knowledge of process operation. Measuring the unique $$gamma$$ rays of each solution as the material flows through pipes connecting all tanks and process apparatuses could potentially improve process monitoring by verifying the compositions in real time. We tested this $$gamma$$ ray pipe-monitoring method using plutonium-nitrate solution transferred between tanks at the PCDF-TRP. The $$gamma$$ rays were measured using a lanthanum-bromide detector with a list-mode data acquisition system to obtain both time and energy of $$gamma$$-ray. The analysis and results of this measurement demonstrate an ability to determine isotopic composition, process timing, flow rate, and volume of solution flowing through pipes, introducing a viable capability for process monitoring safeguards verification.

Journal Articles

Feasibility study of technology for Pu solution monitoring including FP; Development of gamma spectra detector for high active liquid waste

Sekine, Megumi; Matsuki, Takuya; Tokoro, Hayate; Tsutagi, Koichi; Kitao, Takahiko; Nakamura, Hironobu; Tomikawa, Hirofumi

Proceedings of INMM 59th Annual Meeting (Internet), 10 Pages, 2018/07

In a reprocessing facility, it is necessary to develop a detector which can measure plutonium (Pu) content in the Pu solutions containing fission products (FP) in order to expand the application of Pu monitoring. In order to establish this technology, JAEA has studied a system measure $$gamma$$-rays was utilized since it applicable for Pu monitoring. Ce:GAGG (Ce:Gd$$_{3}$$Al$$_{2}$$Ga$$_{3}$$O$$_{12}$$) scintillator detector can measure a wide energy range in a high-dose environment and has reasonable resolution. $$gamma$$-ray measurements were performed inside of the concrete cell containing the High Active Liquid Waste tank at the Tokai reprocessing plant. In the spectra, the two significant peaks were measured by the GAGG above 800 keV and were considered to be from Eu-154. There $$gamma$$-ray measurements will be combined with previous neutron measurements and both will be compared to MCNP models for future Pu monitoring technology. This presentation will describe the detector selection, the design system, the results of $$gamma$$-ray spectral measurements and the applicability for Pu monitoring. This project has been carried out under the support of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of the Japanese government.

Journal Articles

Feasibility study of technology for Pu solution monitoring including FP; Design of GAGG detector and gamma spectrum measurement

Sekine, Megumi; Matsuki, Takuya; Tokoro, Hayate; Tsutagi, Koichi; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Nakamura, Hironobu

Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Dai-38-Kai Nenji Taikai Rombunshu (Internet), 9 Pages, 2018/04

In a reprocessing facility, it is necessary to develop a detector which is measurable plutonium (Pu) amount in the Pu solution containing the Fission Product (FP) in order to expand the application of Pu monitoring. To investigate $$gamma$$ rays which is applicable for Pu monitoring, Ce:GAGG (Ce: Gd$$_{3}$$Al$$_{2}$$Ga$$_{3}$$O$$_{12}$$) scintillator which can measure a wide range of energy at high dose and has high resolution (Target: High Active Liquid Waste (HALW)) was newly designed and developed in deal with aim for Pu quantitativeness. $$gamma$$ ray measurement was performed to the HALW in the concrete cell using the detector, and it was confirmed that high energy $$gamma$$ rays (9.5 MeV) could be measured and high energy $$gamma$$ rays spectra over 3 MeV without deriving from FP at the first time. In this presentation, detector design, results of $$gamma$$ ray spectra measurement, applicability evaluation to Pu monitoring and the future plan are presented. This project has been carried out under the support of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of the Japanese government.

Journal Articles

Feasibility study of advanced measurement technology for solution monitoring at reprocessing plant; Dose rate measurement for the solution including Pu with FP

Matsuki, Takuya; Yamanaka, Atsushi; Sekine, Megumi; Suzuki, Satoshi*; Yasuda, Takeshi; Tsutagi, Koichi; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Nakamura, Hironobu; LaFleur, A. M.*; Browne, M. C.*

Proceedings of INMM 58th Annual Meeting (Internet), 8 Pages, 2017/07

The Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP) has been developing a new detector from 2015 to 2017 for purpose to monitor Pu amount in High Active Liquid Waste (HALW) containing FP. It can make a contribution to an advanced approach to effectively and efficiently conduct safeguards for reprocessing facilities because it becomes available to monitor and verify nuclear material movement continuously by a new detector, which has proposed by IAEA. For the second step of this project, we conducted dose rate measurement on the guide rail installing in the cell storing the HALW tank and comparison between measured dose rate distribution and calculation result by MCNP simulation in order to investigate the dose rate distribution which is needed for shielding design of a new detector that is used for radiation (neutron/$$gamma$$ spectrum) measurement in the cell and inquest on the monitoring position of the detector for Pu monitoring. In this paper, we report the result of the dose rate measurement in the cell, improvement of the simulation model which is cleared by comparison between measurement result and calculation result and our future plan.

Journal Articles

Feasibility study of advanced technology for Pu with FP solution monitoring; Overview of research plan and modelling for simulation

Sekine, Megumi; Matsuki, Takuya; Suzuki, Satoshi; Tanigawa, Masafumi; Yasuda, Takeshi; Yamanaka, Atsushi; Tsutagi, Koichi; Nakamura, Hironobu; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; LaFleur, A. M.*; et al.

EUR-28795-EN (Internet), p.788 - 796, 2017/00

The IAEA has proposed in its long-term R&D plan, the development of technology to enable real-time flow measurement of nuclear material as a part of an advanced approach to effective and efficient safeguards for reprocessing facilities. To address this, JAEA has designed and developed a neutron coincidence based nondestructive assay system to monitor Pu directly in solutions which is after purification process and contains very little fission products (FPs). A new detector to enable monitoring of Pu in solutions with numerous FPs is being developed as a joint research program with U.S. DOE at the High Active Liquid Waste (HALW) Storage Facility in Tokai Reprocessing Plant. As the first step, the design information of HALW tank was investigated and samples of HALW was taken and analyzed for Pu concentration and isotope composition, density, content of dominant nuclides emitting $$gamma$$ ray or neutron, etc. in order to develop a Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) of the HALW tank. In addition, $$gamma$$ ray source spectra simulated by Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) was developed by extracting peaks from the analysis data with germanium detector. These outputs are used for the fundamental data in the MCNP model which is then used to evaluate the type of detector, shielding design and measurement positions. In order to evaluate available radiations to measure outside the cell wall, continuous $$gamma$$ ray and neutron measurement were carried out and the results were compared to the simulation results. The measurement results showed that there are no FP peaks above 3 MeV. This paper presents an overview of the research plan, characteristics of HALW, development of source term for MCNP, simulation of radiation dose from the HALW tank and radiation measurement results at outside of cell wall.

Journal Articles

Feasibility study of technology for Pu solution monitoring including FP; Composition research of high active liquid waste and radiation measurement results on the surface of cell

Matsuki, Takuya; Masui, Kenji; Sekine, Megumi; Tanigawa, Masafumi; Yasuda, Takeshi; Tsutagi, Koichi; Ishiyama, Koichi; Nishida, Naoki; Horigome, Kazushi; Mukai, Yasunobu; et al.

Proceedings of INMM 57th Annual Meeting (Internet), 9 Pages, 2016/07

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has proposed in its long-term research and development (R&D) plan, development of a real-time measurement technology to monitor and verify nuclear material movement continuously as part of an advanced approach to effectively and efficiently conduct safeguards for reprocessing facilities. Since the Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP) has solutions containing both Pu and fission products (FP), a new detector development project to monitor Pu with FP is being carried out from 2015 to 2017. This project is mainly conducted in the High Active Liquid Waste Storage (HALWS) in the TRP. For the first step of this project, as the confirmation of composition of high active liquid waste (HALW) to evaluate neutron/$$gamma$$-ray emitted from solution in the selected HALW tank which has the most amount of Pu in HALW tanks at the TRP, we took HALW sample and conducted $$gamma$$-ray spectrum measurement for HALW. As a study of detector setting location, to survey the available neutron/$$gamma$$-ray (i.e. intensity) at the outside surface of the cell where HALW tank is located, we implemented continuous measurement by neutron/$$gamma$$-ray detector. In this paper, we report three $$gamma$$-ray peaks related with $$^{238}$$Pu and $$^{239}$$Pu measured in the composition research of HALW, which is needed to identify Pu amount by the new detector that we are developing and the result of radiation measurement on the surface of the cell.

Journal Articles

Feasibility study of technology for Pu solution monitoring including FP; Overview and research plan

Sekine, Megumi; Matsuki, Takuya; Tanigawa, Masafumi; Tsutagi, Koichi; Mukai, Yasunobu; Shimizu, Yasuyuki; Nakamura, Hironobu; Tomikawa, Hirofumi

Proceedings of INMM 57th Annual Meeting (Internet), 9 Pages, 2016/07

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has proposed in its long-term research and development plan, development of a real-time measurement technology to monitor and verify nuclear material movement continuously as part of an advanced approach to effectively and efficiently conduct safeguards for reprocessing facilities. In the reprocessing plant, since solutions containing both Pu and FP exist, a new detector development project to monitor Pu with FP is being carried out from 2015 to 2017. This project is mainly conducted in the High Active Liquid Waste Storage (HALWS) in Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP). In this paper, an overview of the technology development, simulation results of preliminary evaluation of the characteristics of radiation emitted from the HALW tank at TRP, and the future research plan are presented.

Journal Articles

R&D activities of tritium technologies on Broader Approach in Phase 2-2

Isobe, Kanetsugu; Kawamura, Yoshinori; Iwai, Yasunori; Oyaizu, Makoto; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Suzuki, Takumi; Yamada, Masayuki; Edao, Yuki; Kurata, Rie; Hayashi, Takumi; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1792 - 1795, 2015/10

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Activities on Broader Approach (BA) were started in 2007 on the basis of the Agreement between the Government of Japan and the EURATOM. The period of BA activities consist of Phase1 and Phase2 dividing into Phase 2-1 (2010-2011), Phase 2-2 (2012-2013) and Phase 2-3 (2014-2016). Tritium technology was chosen as one of important R&D issues to develop DEMO plant. R&D activities of tritium technology on BA consist of four tasks. Task-1 is to prepare and maintain the tritium handling facility in Rokkasho BA site in Japan. Task 2, 3 and 4 are main R&D activities for tritium and these are focused on: Task-2) Development of tritium accountancy technology, Task-3) Development of basic tritium safety research, Task-4) Tritium durability test. R&D activities of tritium technology in Phase 2-2 were underway successfully and closed in 2013.

Journal Articles

Overview of JAEA-ISCN's NDA development programs (for INMM)

Seya, Michio; Koizumi, Mitsuo; Tomikawa, Hirofumi; Naoi, Yosuke; Kureta, Masatoshi; Harada, Hideo; Hajima, Ryoichi; Nakamura, Hironobu

Proceedings of INMM 56th Annual Meeting (Internet), 10 Pages, 2015/07

ISCN of JAEA has conducted (with collaborations with JAEA other centers) the following development programs of advanced NDA technologies since its establishment. (1) Measurement test of the using PNAR-NDA system for Fugen spent fuel assemblies, (2) Basic development of NRF-NDA technologies using LCS $$gamma$$-rays, (3) Development of alternative to $$^{3}$$He neutron detection technology, (4) Development of neutron resonance densitometry. ISCN has just started the following new programs (also with collaborations with JAEA other centers). (5) Demonstration of NRF-non-destructive detection technology for nuclear security using LCS $$gamma$$-rays, (6) Development of active neutron NDA techniques using a pulsed neutron (D-T) source, (7) Feasibility study on monitoring of high active liquid waste in tanks inside cell. This paper presents the results of basic technology development programs already done and introduces above new programs.

Journal Articles

Recent progress on tritium technology research and development for a fusion reactor in Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Hayashi, Takumi; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Kawamura, Yoshinori; Iwai, Yasunori; Isobe, Kanetsugu; Yamada, Masayuki; Suzuki, Takumi; Kurata, Rie; Oyaizu, Makoto; Edao, Yuki; et al.

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(2), p.365 - 370, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:9.79(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Radial density distribution in irradiated FBR MOX fuel pellets

Ishimi, Akihiro; Katsuyama, Kozo; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Asaka, Takeo; Furuya, Hirotaka

Nuclear Technology, 189(3), p.312 - 317, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:33.51(Nuclear Science & Technology)

A high resolution X-ray CT technique was developed, which made it possible to obtain fine X-ray CT images of an irradiated fuel assembly. In addition, the density distributions in the irradiated MOX fuel pellet could be continually measured, using the relationship between the densities and CT values. These results were compared to the one obtained by metallographical method. As results, it was found that the relative change of radial density distributions in the irradiated fuel pellet can be measured more accurately by the X-ray CT technique than by the metallographical examination.

Journal Articles

Hydrogen isotope behavior on a water-metal boundary with simultaneous transfer from and to the metal surface

Hayashi, Takumi; Isobe, Kanetsugu; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Kobayashi, Kazuhiro; Oya, Yasuhisa*; Okuno, Kenji*; Oyaizu, Makoto; Edao, Yuki; Yamanishi, Toshihiko

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(7-8), p.1520 - 1523, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:8.95(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Tritium confinement is the most important safety issue in the fusion reactor. Tritium behavior on the water metal boundary is very important to design tritium plant with breading blanket system using cooling water. A series of tritium permeation experiment into pressurized water or water vapor jacket with He or Ar have been performed through pure iron piping with/without 7 micro-meter gold plating, which contained about 1 kPa of pure tritium gas at 423 K, with monitoring the chemical forms of tritium. Also, deuterium permeation experiments from heavy water vessel through various metal piping, such as pure iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), stainless steel (SS304), and pure iron with 10 micro-meter gold plating, were performed at 573 K and at 15 MPa. Recently, using the above heavy water system, we have succeeded to detect simultaneous hydrogen isotopes transfer from and to the metal surface by introducing H$$_{2}$$ gas to the metal piping after stabilized deuterium permeation was detected.

Journal Articles

Development of a ZnS/$$^{10}$$B$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ scintillator with low-afterglow phosphor

Nakamura, Tatsuya; Katagiri, Masaki*; Tsutsui, Noriaki*; To, Kentaro; Rhodes, N. J.*; Schooneveld, E. M.*; Oguri, Hirofumi*; Noguchi, Yasunobu*; Sakasai, Kaoru; Soyama, Kazuhiko

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 528, p.012043_1 - 012043_8, 2014/07

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:84.33

We have developed a ZnS/$$^{10}$$B$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ scintillator that has a high light output with less afterglow for neutron scattering instruments in the J-PARC/MLF. A commercial ZnS/$$^{6}$$LiF scintillator has widely been used for thermal neutron detection and its superior light output with low $$gamma$$ sensitivity has been proven. However its large afterglow followed with a primary emission light gives a limit on a detector count rate. A detector in the J-PARC/MLF should have a capability to cope with higher count rate than ever since the source flux is increasing up to 1 MW (300 kW at present). To address such problem we have developed the ZnS phosphor that exhibited a low after glow. We have also made a neutron-sensitive scintillator in combination with a $$^{10}$$B$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ by sintering method in search of high detector efficiency. The scintillator properties and the detector performances will be shown in the presentation.

Journal Articles

Overview of R&D activities on tritium processing and handling technology in JAEA

Yamanishi, Toshihiko; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Kawamura, Yoshinori; Iwai, Yasunori; Isobe, Kanetsugu; Oyaizu, Makoto; Yamada, Masayuki; Suzuki, Takumi; Hayashi, Takumi

Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(5-6), p.890 - 895, 2012/08

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:10.14(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In JAEA, the tritium processing and handling technologies have been studied at TPL. The main basic R&D activities in this field are: the tritium processing technology for the blanket recovery system; the tritium behavior in a confinement; and detritiation and decontamination. The R&D for tritium processing and handling technologies to a demonstration reactor (DEMO) are also planned to be carried out in the Broader Approach (BA) program in Japan by JAEA with Japanese universities. The ceramic electrolysis cell has been studied as a tritium processing method for the blanket system. The permeation behavior of tritium through pure iron into the gas containing water vapor has been studied. As for the behavior of high concentration tritium water, it was observed that the formation of the oxidized layer was prevented by the presence of tritium in water. Tritium durability tests were also carried out for the electrolysis cell of the chemical exchange column.

Journal Articles

Deuterium behaviour at the interface of oxidized metal under high temperature heavy water

Nakamura, Hirofumi; Hatano, Yuji*; Yamanishi, Toshihiko

Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(5-6), p.916 - 920, 2012/08

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:32.06(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Deuterium behavior in the metal exposed to hot heavy water has been investigated in order to understand the oxidation driven tritium permeation in the fusion reactor. Disks of SS304, F82H and Ni and gold plated SS304 and F82H were oxidized in an autoclave at 573K. After the oxidation, soaked deuterium in the specimen was measured by the thermal desorption method and elemental depth distribution in the specimen was measured by a glow discharge optical elemental spectroscopy method. Obtained results were followings, (1) The oxide thickness has grown with the soaking time, and solved deuterium amount also increases with oxidation time for all materials. (2) Deuterium exists at the interface of the oxide and metal for all materials. (3) Deuterium in the gold plated samples were less than that in the bare SS304 about 1/5. (4) Deuterium in nickel was less than that in the SS304 by one orders magnitude and oxide thickness was also thinner than SS304. Those results indicate that deuterium solution into the material would be initiated by the deuterium gas production at the oxidation process of metal. Gold plating as the oxidation protection could be effective to prevent deuterium solution into the metal.

Journal Articles

Hydrogen isotope permeation from cooling water through various metal piping

Hayashi, Takumi; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Isobe, Kanetsugu; Kobayashi, Kazuhiro; Oyaizu, Makoto; Yamanishi, Toshihiko; Oya, Yasuhisa*; Okuno, Kenji*

Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(7-8), p.1333 - 1337, 2012/08

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:52.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In order to investigate the behavior of hydrogen isotope on the water-metal boundary, deuterium permeation experiments from heavy water vessel through various metal piping, such as pure iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), stainless steel (SS304), and pure iron with 10 $$mu$$m gold plating, were performed at 573 K and at 15 MPa. During the experiment, surfaces of metal piping except gold plating one were oxidized at the heavy water boundary and then deuterium would generate by the oxidation reactions. This deuterium could be detected by mass spectrometer, which monitored the inside gases of the piping under vacuum. The result showed clearly that the deuterium permeated through Fe, Ni, and SS304 piping was detected as deuterium gas (D$$_{2}$$) under vacuum, though that through gold plating one could not be detected effectively. The D$$_{2}$$ permeation rate through Fe, Ni, and SS304 piping reached some stabilized value. This paper summarizes the above experimental results and discusses the mechanism of deuterium behavior on the water metal boundary.

187 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)