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Journal Articles

Improvement of the hybrid approach between Monte Carlo simulation and analytical function for calculating microdosimetric probability densities in macroscopic matter

Sato, Tatsuhiko; Matsuya, Yusuke*; Ogawa, Tatsuhiko; Kai, Takeshi; Hirata, Yuho; Tsuda, Shuichi; Parisi, A.*

Physics in Medicine & Biology, 68(15), p.155005_1 - 155005_15, 2023/07

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:86.76

In this study, we improved the microdosimetric function implemented in PHITS using the latest track-structure simulation codes. The improved function is capable of calculating the probability densities of not only the conventional microdosimetric quantities such as lineal energy but also the numbers of ionization events occurred in a target site, the so-called ionization cluster size distribution, for arbitrary site diameters from 3 nm to 1 um. As a new application of the improved function, we calculated the relative biological effectiveness of the single-strand break and double-strand break yields for proton irradiations using the updated PHITS coupled with the simplified DNA damage estimation model, and confirmed its equivalence in accuracy and its superiority in computational time compared to our previously proposed method based on the track-structure simulation.

Journal Articles

Work function lowering of LaB$$_{6}$$ by monolayer hexagonal boron nitride coating for improved photo- and thermionic-cathodes

Yamaguchi, Hisato*; Yusa, Ryunosuke*; Wang, G.*; Pettes, M. T.*; Liu, F.*; Tsuda, Yasutaka; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Abukawa, Tadashi*; Moody, N. A.*; Ogawa, Shuichi*

Applied Physics Letters, 122(14), p.141901_1 - 141901_7, 2023/04

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:87.78(Physics, Applied)

A lowering of work function for LaB$$_{6}$$ by monolayer hexagonal BN coating is reported. Photoemission electron microcopy (PEEM) and thermionic emission electron microscopy (TEEM) both revealed that the hBN coated region of a LaB$$_{6}$$(100) single crystal has lower work function compared to the bare (i.e., non-coated) and graphene coated regions. A larger decrease of work function for the hBN coated LaB$$_{6}$$(100) compared to graphene coated LaB$$_{6}$$(100) was qualitatively supported by our density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Adding an oxide layer in the calculations improved consistency between the calculation and experimental results. We followed up our calculations with synchrotron-radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-XPS) and confirmed the presence of an oxide layer on our LaB$$_{6}$$.

Journal Articles

Benchmark shielding calculations for fusion and accelerator-driven sub-critical systems

Iwamoto, Yosuke; Tsuda, Shuichi; Ogawa, Tatsuhiko

Frontiers in Energy Research (Internet), 11, p.1085264_1 - 1085264_11, 2023/01

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.02(Energy & Fuels)

This review describes experimental data useful for validation of radiation shielding design in advanced reactor systems such as nuclear fusion and accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) and calculations using the PHITS code and JENDL-4.0/HE. The relevant experiments have been conducted mainly in Japan and include (1) neutron spectra in iron shields using 14 MeV neutron sources, (2) leakage neutron spectra from spherical piles of various materials using 14 MeV neutron sources, (3) neutron spectra after penetration through shields using several tens of MeV neutron sources, (4) neutron spectra produced from the target by high-energy heavy-ion bombardment, and (5) induced radioactivity in concrete using heavy-ion nuclear reaction product particles as a source. Throughout, the experimental and calculated values were agreed well. These experimental data are also useful for the validation of all radiation transport calculation codes used in the design of advanced reactor systems.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of doped potassium concentrations in stacked two-Layer graphene using real-time XPS

Ogawa, Shuichi*; Tsuda, Yasutaka; Sakamoto, Tetsuya*; Okigawa, Yuki*; Masuzawa, Tomoaki*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Abukawa, Tadashi*; Yamada, Takatoshi*

Applied Surface Science, 605, p.154748_1 - 154748_6, 2022/12

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:51.2(Chemistry, Physical)

Immersion of graphene in KOH solution improves its mobility on SiO$$_{2}$$/Si wafers. This is thought to be due to electron doping by modification with K atoms, but the K atom concentration C$$_{K}$$ in the graphene has not been clarified yet. In this study, the C$$_{K}$$ was determined by XPS analysis using high-brilliance synchrotron radiation. The time evolution of C$$_{K}$$ was determined by real-time observation, and the C$$_{K}$$ before irradiation of synchrotron radiation was estimated to be 0.94%. The C 1s spectrum shifted to the low binding energy side with the desorption of K atoms. This indicates that the electron doping concentration into graphene is decreasing, and it is experimentally confirmed that K atoms inject electrons into graphene.

Journal Articles

Roles of excess minority carrier recombination and chemisorbed O$$_{2}$$ species at SiO$$_{2}$$/Si interfaces in Si dry oxidation; Comparison between p-Si(001) and n-Si(001) surfaces

Tsuda, Yasutaka; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Ogawa, Shuichi*; Sakamoto, Tetsuya*; Yamamoto, Yoshiki*; Yamamoto, Yukio*; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Journal of Chemical Physics, 157(23), p.234705_1 - 234705_21, 2022/12

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.01(Chemistry, Physical)

Journal Articles

Observation of chemisorbed O$$_2$$ molecule at SiO$$_2$$/Si(001) interface during Si dry oxidation

Tsuda, Yasutaka; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Ogawa, Shuichi*; Sakamoto, Tetsuya*; Takakuwa, Yuji*

e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology (Internet), 21(1), p.30 - 39, 2022/11

Journal Articles

Preface for the special issue "Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for ${it in situ}$ observation of surface reactions; Present status and future prospects"

Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Ogawa, Shuichi*; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Hoshako, 35(3), P. 157, 2022/05

Ambient Pressure-XPS [AP-XPS] has been in operation at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world since around 2000 to study gas-surface reactions. Furthermore, it is also applied to observe liquid and solid-liquid interfaces. Development and utilization research is underway as a tool to take the true picture of surface phenomena. A special issue on AP-XPS for the Journal of the Japanese Society for Synchrotron Radiation Research was designed and its purpose is explained.

Journal Articles

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for ${it in situ}$ observation of surface reactions under the gas atmosphere; History, applications, issues, and future prospect

Takakuwa, Yuji*; Ogawa, Shuichi*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka

Hoshako, 35(3), p.158 - 171, 2022/05

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for in situ observation of surface reactions using high-brightness synchrotron radiation shows a rapid progress in the number of endstations since about 2005 and is applied to various practical research field for clarifying reactions at solid/gas interfaces of e.g. catalyst, solid/liquid interfaces of e.g. fuel cell, and gas/liquid interfaces of e.g. ion liquid. In this review, a history of the development of APXPS, real-time observation of the surface reactions for Si chemical vapor deposition and Si dry oxidation, issues of APXPS, and future prospects are described.

Journal Articles

Two-step model for reduction reaction of ultrathin nickel oxide by hydrogen

Ogawa, Shuichi*; Taga, Ryo*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, 39(4), p.043207_1 - 043207_9, 2021/07

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:8.23(Materials Science, Coatings & Films)

Nickel (Ni) is used as a catalyst for nitric oxide decomposition and ammonia production but it is easily oxidized and deactivated. Clarification of the reduction process of oxidized Ni is essential to promote more efficient use of Ni catalysts. In this study, the reduction processes were investigated by in situ time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. We propose a two-step reduction reaction model. The rate-limiting process for the first step is surface precipitation of O atoms and that of the second step is dissociation of H$$_{2}$$ molecules.

Journal Articles

Oxidation reaction kinetics on transition metal surfaces observed by real-time photoelectron spectroscopy

Ogawa, Shuichi*; Zhang, B.*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Vacuum and Surface Science, 64(5), p.218 - 223, 2021/05

The oxidation reaction kinetics on Ti(0001) and Ni(111) surfaces were observed by real-time photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation to measure the oxidation state and oxide thickness. After the Ti(0001) surface was wholly covered by TiO with a thickness of 1.2 nm, the rapid growth of n-type TiO$$_{2}$$ proceeded through the diffusion of Ti$$^{4+}$$ ions to the TiO$$_{2}$$ surface at 400$$^{circ}$$C. A saturation of oxygen uptake on the TiO surface indicates that the O$$_{2}$$ sticking coefficient on the TiO surface is negligibly small and the segregation of Ti to the TiO surface is a trigger to initiate the TiO$$_{2}$$ growth. On the Ni(111) surface at 350$$^{circ}$$C, a thermally stable NiO$$_{x}$$ proceeded preferentially and then the growth of p-type NiO was initiated. The time evolution of NiO thickness was represented by a logarithmic growth model, where the NiO growth is governed by the electron tunneling to the NiO surface.

Journal Articles

Gas barrier properties of chemical vapor-deposited graphene to oxygen imparted with sub-electronvolt kinetic energy

Ogawa, Shuichi*; Yamaguchi, Hisato*; Holby, E. F.*; Yamada, Takatoshi*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters (Internet), 11(21), p.9159 - 9164, 2020/11

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:18.86(Chemistry, Physical)

Atomically thin layers of graphene have been proposed to protect surfaces through the direct blocking of corrosion reactants such as oxygen with low added weight. The long term efficacy of such an approach, however, is unclear due to the long-term desired protection of decades and the presence of defects in as-synthesized materials. Here, we demonstrate catalytic permeation of oxygen molecules through previously-described impermeable graphene by imparting sub-eV kinetic energy to molecules. These molecules represent a small fraction of a thermal distribution thus this exposure serves as an accelerated stress test for understanding decades-long exposures. The permeation rate of the energized molecules increased 2 orders of magnitude compared to their non-energized counterpart. Graphene maintained its relative impermeability to non-energized oxygen molecules even after the permeation of energized molecules indicating that the process is non-destructive and a fundamental property of the exposed material.

Journal Articles

Roles of strain and carrier in silicon oxidation

Ogawa, Shuichi*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Tang, J.*; Sekihata, Yuki*; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 59(SM), p.SM0801_1 - SM0801_42, 2020/07

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:33.73(Physics, Applied)

In this paper, we review the study of the unified Si oxidation reaction model mediated by point defect generation, in which O$$_{2}$$ dissociative adsorption occurs at dangling bonds of point defects (emitted Si atoms and vacancies) at the SiO$$_{2}$$/Si interface, and the point defect generation rate is given by a combination of oxidation-induced strain, thermal strain due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between Si and SiO$$_{2}$$, thermal excitation of Si emission rate, and heat of adsorption.

Journal Articles

Simultaneous observation of Si oxidation rate and oxidation-induced strain using XPS

Ogawa, Shuichi*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Vacuum and Surface Science, 62(6), p.350 - 355, 2019/06

Thermal oxidation of Si substrate is an indispensable process for the Si device fabrication. However, the influence of oxidation induced strain cannot be ignored for thin films. Synchrotron radiation real-time photoelectron spectroscopy was used as a method to measure simultaneously oxidation induced strain and oxidation rate. It was found that the acceleration of interfacial oxidation induced by thermal strain was observed for the rapid thermal oxidation. The results can be explained by the model in which point defects caused by strain become reaction sites at the SiO$$_{2}$$/Si interface.

Journal Articles

Review of the microdosimetric studies for high-energy charged particle beams using a tissue-equivalent proportional counter

Tsuda, Shuichi; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Ogawa, Tatsuhiko; Sasaki, Shinichi*

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 11, p.060004_1 - 060004_6, 2016/11

Track structure and energy deposition around charged particle beams in microscopic site of a living cell is important information for understanding of biological effects of energetic heavy ion beams. In this work, measurements of lineal energy ($$y$$) distributions for various kinds of ion beams have been performed for the verification of the microdosimetric function that incorporated in the PHITS code. In the international symposium focused on radiation detectors, the wall-less tissue equivalent proportional counter that developed in this study to measure $$y$$ distributions will be introduced, together with a series of data.

Journal Articles

Measurement of lineal energy distributions for ion beams using a wall-less tissue equivalent proportional counter

Tsuda, Shuichi; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Ogawa, Tatsuhiko

JAEA-Review 2015-022, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2014, P. 141, 2016/09

Deposit energy distribution in microscopic site in a living cell is important information for understanding of biological effects of energetic heavy ion beams. In this work, a wall-less tissue equivalent proportional counter has been used for the measurement of lineal energy ($$y$$) distributions and dose-mean of $$y$$ ($$overline{y}$$$$_{D}$$) at radial direction of 30 MeV H at TIARA, for the verification of the microdosimetric function of PHITS. The measured $$yf$$ ($$y$$) summed in radial direction agree with the corresponding data from the microdosimetric calculations using the PHITS code fairly well. The $$overline{y}$$$$_{D}$$ of 30 MeV proton beam presents the smallest value at $$r$$ = 0.0 and gradually increase with radial distance, while the values of heavy ions such as iron showed rapid decrease with radial distance. This experimental result demonstrates that the stochastic deposit energy distribution of high-energy protons in microscopic region is rather constant both in the core and in the penumbra region of the track structure.

Journal Articles

Detection of molecular oxygen adsorbate during room-temperature oxidation of Si(100)2$$times$$1 surface; In situ synchrotron radiation photoemission study

Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Yamada, Yoichi*; Taga, Ryo*; Ogawa, Shuichi*; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 55(10), p.100307_1 - 100307_4, 2016/09

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:24.97(Physics, Applied)

Synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy during the oxidation of the Si(100)2$$times$$1 surface at room temperature revealed the existence of the molecularly adsorbed oxygen, which was considered to be absent. The O 1s spectra was found to be similar to that of the oxidation of Si(111)7$$times$$7 surfaces. Also the molecular oxygen was appeared after the initial surface oxides, indicating that this was not a precursor for dissociation oxygen adsorption onto the clean surface. We have proposed presumable structural models for atomic configurations, where the molecular oxygen was resided on the oxidized silicon with two oxygen atoms at the backbonds.

Journal Articles

Enhancement of SiO$$_{2}$$/Si(001) interfacial oxidation induced by thermal strain during rapid thermal oxidation

Ogawa, Shuichi*; Tang, J.*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Ishizuka, Shinji*; Takakuwa, Yuji*

Journal of Chemical Physics, 145(11), p.114701_1 - 114701_7, 2016/09

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:19.5(Chemistry, Physical)

Enhancement of SiO$$_{2}$$/Si(001) interfacial oxidation induced by thermal strain during rapid thermal oxidation was revealed by real time photoelectron spectroscopy using high intensity and high energy-resolution synchrotron radiation. This experimental result indicates the usefulness of the unified Si oxidation reaction model mediated by point defect generation.

Journal Articles

Valence-band electronic structure evolution of graphene oxide upon thermal annealing for optoelectronics

Yamaguchi, Hisato*; Ogawa, Shuichi*; Watanabe, Daiki*; Hozumi, Hideaki*; Gao, Y.*; Eda, Goki*; Mattevi, C.*; Fujita, Takeshi*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Ishizuka, Shinji*; et al.

Physica Status Solidi (A), 213(9), p.2380 - 2386, 2016/09

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:52.76(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

We report valence-band electronic structure evolution of graphene oxide (GO) upon its thermal reduction. The degree of oxygen functionalization was controlled by annealing temperature, and an electronic structure evolution was monitored using real-time ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. We observed a drastic increase in the density of states around the Fermi level upon thermal annealing at $$sim$$ 600$$^{circ}$$C. The result indicates that while there is an apparent bandgap for GO prior to a thermal reduction, the gap closes after an annealing around that temperature. This trend of bandgap closure was correlated with the electrical, chemical, and structural properties to determine a set of GO material properties that is optimal for optoelectronics. The results revealed that annealing at a temperature of 500$$^{circ}$$C leads to the desired properties, demonstrated by a uniform and an order of magnitude enhanced photocurrent map of an individual GO sheet compared to an as-synthesized counterpart.

Journal Articles

Measurement of the stochastic radial dose distribution for a 30-MeV proton beam using a wall-less tissue-equivalent proportional counter

Tsuda, Shuichi; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Ogawa, Tatsuhiko

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 168(2), p.190 - 196, 2016/02

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:19.85(Environmental Sciences)

Deposit energy distribution in microscopic site in a living cell is important information for understanding of biological effects of energetic heavy ion beams. In this work, a wall-less tissue equivalent proportional counter has been used for the measurement of lineal energy (y) distributions and dose-mean of y (yD) at radial direction of 30 MeV H at TIARA, for the verification of the microdosimetric function of PHITS. The measured yf(y) summed in radial direction agree with the corresponding data from the microdosimetric calculations using the PHITS code fairly well. The yD of 30 MeV proton beam presents the smallest value at r = 0.0 and gradually increase with radial distance, while the values of heavy ions such as iron showed rapid decrease with radial distance. This experimental result demonstrates that the stochastic deposit energy distribution of high-energy protons in microscopic region is rather constant both in the core and in the penumbra region of the track structure.

Journal Articles

Energy-dependent fragmentation cross sections of relativistic $$^{12}$$C

Ogawa, Tatsuhiko; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Hashimoto, Shintaro; Satoh, Daiki; Tsuda, Shuichi; Niita, Koji*

Physical Review C, 92(2), p.024614_1 - 024614_14, 2015/08

AA2015-0260.pdf:2.96MB

 Times Cited Count:35 Percentile:92.03(Physics, Nuclear)

For prediction of radiological impact of heavy ions in accelerator facilities, space missions and cancer therapy, nuclear reaction models play a fundamental role. As one of such models, JAERI Quantum molecular dynamics (JQMD) has been successfully used to describe production of residue and secondary particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions. However, it has been pinpointed that JQMD underestimates projectile-like fragments produced in peripheral collisions. Moreover, no cross section data systematically measured over a wide energy range are not available, which makes it difficult to benchmark the reaction models. In this study, we develop a method to measured fragmentation cross sections using a thick target and detecting fragments produced from incident ions fragmented in the target using telescope detectors. Thus we obtained fragmentation cross sections systematically over a wide energy range. We also revise the description of reaction mechanism and ground-state nuclear structure in JQMD to take into account for peripheral collisions accurately. So far, ground-state nuclei got excited and sometimes disintegrated owing to frame transform from the laboratory system to the center-of-mass system. Fragment production cross sections calculated by the revised JQMD (JQMD2.0) are in better agreement with the literature data.

184 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)