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Journal Articles

Comprehensive exposure assessments from the viewpoint of health in a unique high natural background radiation area, Mamuju, Indonesia

Nugraha, E. D.*; Hosoda, Masahiro*; Kusdiana*; Untara*; Mellawati, J.*; Nurokhim*; Tamakuma, Yuki*; Ikram, A.*; Syaifudin, M.*; Yamada, Ryohei; et al.

Scientific Reports (Internet), 11(1), p.14578_1 - 14578_16, 2021/07

 Times Cited Count:17 Percentile:84.99(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Mamuju is one of the regions in Indonesia which retains natural conditions but has relatively high exposure to natural radiation. The goals of the present study were to characterize exposure of the entire Mamuju region as a high natural background radiation area (HNBRA) and to assess the existing exposure as a means for radiation protection of the public and the environment. A cross-sectional study method was used with cluster sampling areas by measuring all parameters that contribute to external and internal radiation exposures. It was determined that Mamuju was a unique HNBRA with the annual effective dose between 17 and 115 mSv, with an average of 32 mSv. The lifetime cumulative dose calculation suggested that Mamuju residents could receive as much as 2.2 Sv on average which is much higher than the average dose of atomic bomb survivors for which risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases are demonstrated. The study results are new scientific data allowing better understanding of health effects related to chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure and they can be used as the main input in a future epidemiology study.

Journal Articles

A Unique high natural background radiation area; Dose assessment and perspectives

Hosoda, Masahiro*; Nugraha, E. D.*; Akata, Naofumi*; Yamada, Ryohei; Tamakuma, Yuki*; Sasaki, Michiya*; Kelleher, K.*; Yoshinaga, Shinji*; Suzuki, Takahito*; Rattanapongs, C. P.*; et al.

Science of the Total Environment, 750, p.142346_1 - 142346_11, 2021/01

 Times Cited Count:20 Percentile:87.03(Environmental Sciences)

The biological effects of low dose-rate radiation exposures on humans remains unknown. In fact, the Japanese nation still struggles with this issue after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Recently, we have found a unique area in Indonesia where naturally high radiation levels are present, resulting in chronic low dose-rate radiation exposures. We aimed to estimate the comprehensive dose due to internal and external exposures at the particularly high natural radiation area, and to discuss the enhancement mechanism of radon. A car-borne survey was conducted to estimate the external doses from terrestrial radiation. Indoor radon measurements were made in 47 dwellings over three to five months, covering the two typical seasons, to estimate the internal doses. Atmospheric radon gases were simultaneously collected at several heights to evaluate the vertical distribution. The absorbed dose rates in air in the study area vary widely between 50 nGy h$$^{-1}$$ and 1109 nGy h$$^{-1}$$. Indoor radon concentrations ranged from 124 Bq m$$^{-3}$$ to 1015 Bq m$$^{-3}$$. That is, the indoor radon concentrations measured exceed the reference levels of 100 Bq m$$^{-3}$$ recommended by the World Health Organization. Furthermore, the outdoor radon concentrations measured were comparable to the high indoor radon concentrations. The annual effective dose due to external and internal exposures in the study area was estimated to be 27 mSv using the median values. It was found that many residents are receiving radiation exposure from natural radionuclides over the dose limit for occupational exposure to radiation workers. This enhanced outdoor radon concentration might be as a result of the stable atmospheric conditions generated at an exceptionally low altitude. Our findings suggest that this area provides a unique opportunity to conduct an epidemiological study related to health effects due to chronic low dose-rate radiation exposure.

Journal Articles

Development of a laser chipping technique combined with water jet for retrieval of fuel debris at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Yamada, Tomonori; Takebe, Toshihiko*; Ishizuka, Ippei*; Daido, Hiroyuki*; Hanari, Toshihide; Shibata, Takuya; Omori, Shinya*; Kurosawa, Koichi*; Sasaki, Go*; Nakada, Masahiro*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(12), p.1171 - 1179, 2019/12

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:11.41(Nuclear Science & Technology)

We describe a new chipping technique combined with a water-jet technique as one of the candidate techniques for the retrieval of fuel debris and support structures as part of the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. We performed proof-of-principle experiments to demonstrate the removal capability of metal parts, where we focused on the observation of removal processes from a metallic sample using a 5.5-kW continuous wave fiber laser combined with continuous and pulsed water jets.

Journal Articles

Comparative study on performance of various environmental radiation monitors

Tamakuma, Yuki*; Yamada, Ryohei; Suzuki, Takahito*; Kuroki, Tomohiro*; Saga, Rikiya*; Mizuno, Hiroyuki*; Sasaki, Hiroyuki*; Iwaoka, Kazuki*; Hosoda, Masahiro*; Tokonami, Shinji*

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 184(3-4), p.307 - 310, 2019/10

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:11.41(Environmental Sciences)

After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the radiation dose for first responders was not evaluated accurately due to lack of the monitoring data. It has been important to evaluate a radiation dose for workers in emergency response at a nuclear accident. In this study, a new device which can evaluate both of external and internal exposure doses was developed and the performance of various environmental radiation monitors including commercially available monitors were tested and compared from the viewpoint of an environmental monitoring at emergency situation. Background counts of the monitors and the ambient dose equivalent rate were measured in Fukushima Prefecture. The detection limit for beta particles was evaluated by the method of ISO11929. The sensitivity for gamma-rays of the dust monitor using a ZnS(Ag) and a plastic scintillator was high, but that of the external exposure monitor using a silicon photodiode with CsI(Tl) crystal was relatively low. The detection limit ranged 190-280 Bq m$$^{-3}$$ at 100 $$mu$$Sv h$$^{-1}$$, exceeding the detection limit of 100 Bq m$$^{-3}$$ in the minimum requirement by the National Regulation Authority in Japan. Use of the shielding with lead is necessary to achieve the minimum requirement. These results indicate that the dust monitor using a ZnS(Ag) scintillator and a plastic scintillator is suitable for the external exposure monitor and the developed internal exposure monitor is for the internal exposure monitor at emergency situation among the evaluated monitors. In the future study, the counting efficiency, the relative uncertainty and the performance of the detection for alpha particles will be evaluated, and it will be considered which type of a monitor is suitable after taking the portability into account.

JAEA Reports

External dose evaluation of emergency responder in off-site at the time of Fukushima-Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Accident (Contract research)

Shimada, Kazumasa; Sasaki, Toshihisa*; Iijima, Masashi*; Munakata, Masahiro

JAEA-Research 2018-012, 68 Pages, 2019/02

JAEA-Research-2018-012.pdf:4.15MB

The external exposure dose of off-site emergency responders at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident were evaluated in order to consider a radiation protection of emergency responders. The maximum value of individual daily dose of emergency responders whose activities details were recorded from 12th to 31th March 2011 was 650 $$mu$$Sv engaged in evacuation support in Futaba Town on 12th. Next, atmospheric concentrations and deposition of radionuclides were calculated from the source terms estimated by previous studies using atmospheric diffusion and deposit calculation codes, and air dose rates at off-site were estimated. Then, the external exposure dose was calculated for 6 emergency responders whose daily activities and personal doses were continuously recorded. Furthermore, the maximum value and the average value of the calculation external dose of emergency responders in the activity area were compared with the measurement value of the personal dosimeter of them. These results showed that the calculated value of the external exposure dose of emergency responders calculated from the maximum value of the dose rate in the active area roughly includes the measured value.

Journal Articles

Electronic structure of Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$; Photoelectron spectroscopy of the Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$[PF$$_{6}$$$$^{-}$$] salt and STM of the single Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$ molecules on Cu(111)

Yamada, Yoichi*; Kuklin, A. V.*; Sato, Sho*; Esaka, Fumitaka; Sumi, Naoya*; Zhang, C.*; Sasaki, Masahiro*; Kwon, E.*; Kasama, Yasuhiko*; Avramov, P. V.*; et al.

Carbon, 133, p.23 - 30, 2018/07

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:55.55(Chemistry, Physical)

We report first STM observation of the Li$$^{+}$$ ion endohedral C$$_{60}$$, which is of a new class of endohedral fullerenes, prepared by means of evaporation of high-purity Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$[PF$$_{6}$$$$^{-}$$] salt in ultra-high vacuum. Prior to the STM measurements, the electronic structure of Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$ in the Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$[PF$$_{6}$$$$^{-}$$] salt was also precisely determined. In the salt, it is shown that Li and PF$$_{6}$$ have nearly single positive and negative charge, respectively, and the C$$_{60}$$ cage is nearly neutral, suggesting that Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$ in the salt retains its original electronic state.

Journal Articles

Electronic states of highly ordered DNTT and picene molecular layer

Hasegawa, Yuri; Yamada, Yoichi*; Sasaki, Masahiro*

Vacuum and Surface Science, 61(6), p.366 - 371, 2018/06

Molecular arrangements and electronic states of well-ordered (DNTT) and picene thin film on single crystal were measured by means of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, respectively. DNTT and picene form single crystalline-like molecular arrangement on inert Au(111) substrate. Splitting of HOMO energy due to overlapping with adjacent molecules was suggested by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. On the other hand, one-dimensional ordering of those molecule was observed on anisotropic Ag(110) substrate. However, the HOMO band dispersion was found to be 200 meV at maximum, showing that the overlapping of HOMO was smaller in such arrangement comparing with that in their single crystal.

Journal Articles

Demonstration of laser processing technique combined with water jet technique for retrieval of fuel debris at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Hanari, Toshihide; Takebe, Toshihiko*; Yamada, Tomonori; Daido, Hiroyuki; Ishizuka, Ippei*; Omori, Shinya*; Kurosawa, Koichi*; Sasaki, Go*; Nakada, Masahiro*; Sakai, Hideaki*

Proceedings of 2017 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2017) (CD-ROM), 3 Pages, 2017/04

In decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, a retrieval process of fuel debris in the Primary Containment Vessel by a remote operation is one of the key issues. In this process, prevention of spreading radioactive materials is one of the important considerations. Furthermore, an applicable technique to the process requires keeping of reasonable processing-efficiency. We propose to use the combined technique including a laser light and a water jet as a retrieval technique of the fuel debris. The laser processing technique combined with a repetitive pulsed water jet could perform an efficient retrieval processing. Our experimental result encourages us to promote further development of the technique towards a real application at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.

JAEA Reports

Radiation monitoring using manned helicopter around the Nuclear Power Station in the fiscal year 2015 (Contract research)

Sanada, Yukihisa; Munakata, Masahiro; Mori, Airi; Ishizaki, Azusa; Shimada, Kazumasa; Hirouchi, Jun; Nishizawa, Yukiyasu; Urabe, Yoshimi; Nakanishi, Chika*; Yamada, Tsutomu*; et al.

JAEA-Research 2016-016, 131 Pages, 2016/10

JAEA-Research-2016-016.pdf:20.59MB

By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the East Japan earthquake and the following tsunami occurred on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive materials was released from the NPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter was conducted around FDNPS. In addition, background dose rate monitoring was conducted around Sendai Nuclear Power Station. These results of the aerial radiation monitoring using the manned helicopter in the fiscal 2015 were summarized in the report.

Journal Articles

22A beam production of the uniform negative ions in the JT-60 negative ion source

Yoshida, Masafumi; Hanada, Masaya; Kojima, Atsushi; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Grisham, L. R.*; Hatayama, Akiyoshi*; Shibata, Takanori*; Yamamoto, Takashi*; Akino, Noboru; Endo, Yasuei; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 96-97, p.616 - 619, 2015/10

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:67.6(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In JT-60 Super Advanced for the fusion experiment, 22A, 100s negative ions are designed to be extracted from the world largest ion extraction area of 450 mm $$times$$ 1100 mm. One of the key issues for producing such as high current beams is to improve non-uniform production of the negative ions. In order to improve the uniformity of the negative ions, a tent-shaped magnetic filter has newly been developed and tested for JT-60SA negative ion source. The original tent-shaped filter significantly improved the logitudunal uniformity of the extracted H$$^{-}$$ ion beams. The logitudinal uniform areas within a $$pm$$10 deviation of the beam intensity were improved from 45% to 70% of the ion extraction area. However, this improvement degrades a horizontal uniformity. For this, the uniform areas was no more than 55% of the total ion extraction area. In order to improve the horizontal uniformity, the filter strength has been reduced from 660 Gasus$$cdot$$cm to 400 Gasus$$cdot$$cm. This reduction improved the horizontal uniform area from 75% to 90% without degrading the logitudinal uniformity. This resulted in the improvement of the uniform area from 45% of the total ion extraction areas. This improvement of the uniform area leads to the production of a 22A H$$^{-}$$ ion beam from 450 mm $$times$$ 1100 mm with a small amount increase of electron current of 10%. The obtained beam current fulfills the requirement for JT-60SA.

JAEA Reports

Disassembly of the NBI system on JT-60U for JT-60 SA

Akino, Noboru; Endo, Yasuei; Hanada, Masaya; Kawai, Mikito*; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi*; Kojima, Atsushi; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Nemoto, Shuji; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2014-042, 73 Pages, 2015/02

JAEA-Technology-2014-042.pdf:15.1MB

According to the project plan of JT-60 Super Advanced that is implemented as an international project between Japan and Europe, the neutral beam (NB) injectors have been disassembled. The disassembly of the NB injectors started in November, 2009 and finished in January, 2012 without any serious problems as scheduled. This reports the disassembly activities of the NB injectors.

Journal Articles

In situ synchrotron radiation photoemission study of ultrathin surface oxides of Ge(111)-c(2$$times$$8) induced by supersonic O$$_{2}$$ beams

Okada, Ryuta; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Teraoka, Yuden; Yamada, Yoichi*; Sasaki, Masahiro*

Applied Physics Express, 8(2), p.025701_1 - 025701_4, 2015/02

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:31.13(Physics, Applied)

We studied the surface oxidation on a Ge(111)-c(2$$times$$8) surface at room temperature using supersonic oxygen beams as a function of the translational energy of the incident oxygen molecules ranging from 26 meV to 2.3 eV. In situ synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy performed during the oxidation revealed that the surface oxidation terminated with the formation of a sub-monolayer oxide of at most 0.52 ML, for all the beam energies examined. In addition, the oxidation state of the surface oxides was found to depend on the translational energy. These results demonstrate the precise chemical control of the ultrathin surface oxides of Ge(111)-c(2$$times$$8).

Journal Articles

${{it In situ}}$ synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy study of the oxidation of the Ge(100)-2$$times$$1 surface by supersonic molecular oxygen beams

Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Teraoka, Yuden; Okada, Ryuta; Yamada, Yoichi*; Sasaki, Masahiro*

Journal of Chemical Physics, 141(17), p.174708_1 - 174708_7, 2014/11

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:29.97(Chemistry, Physical)

${{it In situ}}$ synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy was performed during the oxidation of the Ge(100)-2$$times$$1 surface induced by a molecular oxygen beam with various incident energies up to 2.2 eV from the initial to saturation coverage of surface oxides. The saturation coverage of oxygen on the clean Ge(100) surface was much lower than one monolayer and the oxidation state of Ge was +2 at most. This indicates that the Ge(100) surface is in strong contrast to Si surfaces. The direct adsorption process can be activated by increasing the translational energy, resulting in an increased population of Ge$$^{2+}$$ and a higher final oxygen coverage. Our findings will contribute to the fundamental understanding of oxygen adsorption processes at 300 K from the initial stages to saturated oxidation.

Journal Articles

High-energy spin and charge excitations in electron-doped copper oxide superconductors

Ishii, Kenji; Fujita, Masaki*; Sasaki, Takanori*; Minola, M.*; Dellea, G.*; Mazzoli, C.*; Kummer, K.*; Ghiringhelli, G.*; Braicovich, L.*; Toyama, Takami*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 5, p.3714_1 - 3714_8, 2014/04

 Times Cited Count:84 Percentile:94.26(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Journal Articles

Improvement of uniformity of the negative ion beams by Tent-shaped magnetic field in the JT-60 negative ion source

Yoshida, Masafumi; Hanada, Masaya; Kojima, Atsushi; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Grisham, L. R.*; Akino, Noboru; Endo, Yasuei; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Nemoto, Shuji; et al.

Review of Scientific Instruments, 85(2), p.02B314_1 - 02B314_4, 2014/02

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:51.07(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Non-uniformity of the negative ion beams in the JT-60 negative ion source was improved by modifying an external magnetic field to a tent-shaped magnetic field for reduction of the local heat loads in the source. Distributions of the source plasmas (H$$^{+}$$ ions and H$$^{0}$$ atoms) of the parents of H$$^{-}$$ ions converted on the cesium covered plasma grids were measured by Langmuir probes and emission spectroscopy. Beam intensities of the H$$^{-}$$ ions extracted from the plasma grids were measured by IR camera from the back of the beam target plate. The tent-shaped magnetic field prevented the source plasmas to be localized by B $$times$$ grad B drift of the primary electrons emitted from the filaments in the arc chamber. As a result, standard derivation of the H$$^{-}$$ ions beams was reduced from 14% (the external magnetic field) to 10% (the tent-shaped magnetic field) without reduction of an activity of the H$$^{-}$$ ion production.

Journal Articles

Origin of non-uniformity of the source plasmas in JT-60 negative ion source

Yoshida, Masafumi; Hanada, Masaya; Kojima, Atsushi; Inoue, Takashi; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Grisham, L. R.*; Akino, Noboru; Endo, Yasuei; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; et al.

Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 8(Sp.1), p.2405146_1 - 2405146_4, 2013/11

Distributions of H$$^{0}$$ and H$$^{+}$$ in the source plasmas produced at the end-plugs of JT-60 negative ions source were measured by Langmuir probes and emission spectroscopy in order to experimentally investigate the cause of lower density of the negative ions extracted from end-plugs in the source. Densities of H$$^{0}$$ and H$$^{+}$$ in end-plugs of the plasma grid in the source were compared with those in the center regions. As a result, lower density of the negative ion at the edge was caused by lower beam optics due to lower and higher density of the H$$^{0}$$ and H$$^{+}$$.

Journal Articles

A Study of tungsten spectra using Large Helical Device and Compact Electron Beam Ion Trap in NIFS

Morita, Shigeru*; Dong, C. F.*; Goto, Motoshi*; Kato, Daiji*; Murakami, Izumi*; Sakaue, Hiroyuki*; Hasuo, Masahiro*; Koike, Fumihiro*; Nakamura, Nobuyuki*; Oishi, Tetsutaro*; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 1545, p.143 - 152, 2013/07

 Times Cited Count:28 Percentile:99.16

Tungsten spectra have been observed from Large Helical Device (LHD) and Compact electron Beam Ion Trap (CoBIT) in wavelength ranges of visible to EUV. The tungsten spectra from LHD are well analyzed based on the knowledge from CoBIT tungsten spectra. The C-R model code has been developed to explain the UTA spectra in details. Radial profiles of EUV spectra from highly ionized tungsten ions have been measured and analyzed by impurity transport simulation code with ADPAK atomic database code to examine the ionization balance determined by ionization and recombination rate coefficients. The ablation cloud of the impurity pellet is directly measured with visible spectroscopy.

Journal Articles

Preferential adsorption of C$$_{60}$$ molecules to step edges of the Si(110)-16$$times$$2 single domain surface

Yokoyama, Yuta; Yamada, Yoichi*; Asaoka, Hidehito; Sasaki, Masahiro*

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 417, p.012036_1 - 012036_6, 2013/03

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:38.65

The Si(110)-16$$times$$2 reconstructed structure can be a superior template for 1-D nanostructures. However, the controlled nanostructure using this surface has not been fabricated yet. In this study, we have investigated the adsorption of C$$_{60}$$ on the Si(110)-16$$times$$2 surface at various surface temperatures, and found that the C$$_{60}$$ preferable adsorption site is remarkably changed, depending on the surface temperature. The obtained results indicate the possibility that the organic 1-D nanostructure can be fabricated on the Si(110)-16$$times$$2 surface by controlling the surface temperature.

Journal Articles

One-dimentional nanotemplate structure of a Si(110) substrate

Yokoyama, Yuta; Asaoka, Hidehito; Sinsarp, A.*; Sasaki, Masahiro*

e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology (Internet), 10, p.509 - 512, 2012/09

The Si(110) surface has a quite unique one-dimensional (1-D) structure with 16$$times$$2 reconstruction. Since the perfectly straight rows extend over micrometers, the 16$$times$$2 structure can be a superior template for 1-D nanostructures. In this study, we tried to control the clustering of Ge atoms on the Si(110) - 16$$times$$2 substrate. When Ge is deposited at 523 K, clustering of Ge atoms is found. The size of the cluster was 1$$sim$$2 nm and many of them were located in a step edges. This trend is previously reported by vicinal Si(111) surface. With increasing temperature, the sizes of Ge clusters became larger. These results indicated that the size and alignment of the Ge cluster can be well controlled on the Si(110) - 16$$times$$2 template surface.

Journal Articles

Ordering of C$$_{60}$$ on one-dimensional template of single-domain Ge(110)-16$$times$$2 and Si(110)-16$$times$$2 surfaces

Yokoyama, Yuta; Sinsarp, A.*; Yamada, Yoichi*; Asaoka, Hidehito; Sasaki, Masahiro*

Applied Physics Express, 5(2), p.025203_1 - 025203_3, 2012/02

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:13.59(Physics, Applied)

We demonstrated the ordering of C$$_{60}$$ in one dimension by using Ge(110)-16$$times$$2 and Si(110)-16$$times$$2 single-domain surfaces as an one-dimensional templates. On the Ge(110)-16$$times$$2 surface where surface diffusion of C$$_{60}$$ was activated at room temperature such that it was aligned along the step edge, the formation of one-dimensional order of C$$_{60}$$ molecules was achieved. In contrast, on the Si(110)-16$$times$$2 surface, the substantial reactivity of the surface limited the diffusion of adsorbed C$$_{60}$$, resulting in random adsorption at room temperature.

104 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)