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Journal Articles

Operation status of the J-PARC high-intensity RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source

Shinto, Katsuhiro; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Shibata, Takanori*; Nammo, Kesao*; Kawai, Isao*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Ueno, Akira

Proceedings of 20th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.928 - 931, 2023/11

J-PARC initiated the operation of the high-intensity rf-driven negative hydrogen (H$$^-$$) ion source in 2014 autumn. The ion source produces the H$$^-$$ beam with the beam current of 60 mA and the beam energy of 50 keV in order to inject the H$$^-$$ beam into the 3 GeV RCS with the beam current of 50 mA and the beam energy of 400 MeV from the J-PARC linac. We have achieved the longest continuous operation time of 4001 hours in the previous (2021/2022) campaign. The 2022/2023 campaign was the first time that the continuous operation of the H$$^-$$ ion source without any exchanges of the ion source until the end of the campaign was examined. We present the operation status of the J-PARC H$$^-$$ ion source in this campaign as well as the status of the J-PARC-made internal antenna test.

Journal Articles

Design of a matching circuit for a high-intensity negative hydrogen ion source driving with 324 MHz RF power source

Shinto, Katsuhiro; Shibata, Takanori*; Wada, Motoi*

Proceedings of 20th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.392 - 395, 2023/11

Negative hydrogen (H$$^-$$) ion sources which are used at high-intensity proton accelerator facilities such as J-PARC or neutral beam injection system for plasma heating in the fusion devices such as ITER produce plasmas by using RF sources driving with the frequency of 1-2 MHz. We have shown that the H$$^-$$ beams extracted from the RF-driven H$$^-$$ ion source with the frequency of several MHz have some fluctuations with the frequency of the fundamental and second harmonics. The reason is that the high plasma density is produced in the ion source with the low driving frequency. Therefore, we propose the driving RF frequency same as the RF sources with that of 324 MHz in the J-PARC linac, which is much higher than the ion plasma frequency, is used for producing the plasma to suppress the H$$^-$$ beam fluctuations. As a first step, we performed a design of a matching circuit for the higher frequency driven H$$^-$$ ion source. We present the background for decision of a new RF amplifier with much higher frequency and the design results.

Journal Articles

Status of the laser stripping of H$$^{-}$$ beam at J-PARC RCS

Saha, P. K.; Harada, Hiroyuki; Yoneda, Hitoki*; Michine, Yurina*; Sato, Atsushi*; Shibata, Takanori*; Kinsho, Michikazu

Proceedings of 20th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.59 - 63, 2023/11

Journal Articles

Outgassing characteristics from the J-PARC-made internal antenna for a high-intensity radio-frequency H$$^-$$ ion source

Shinto, Katsuhiro; Shibata, Takanori*; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Nammo, Kesao*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Oguri, Hidetomo

Proceedings of 19th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.675 - 679, 2023/01

In J-PARC, we have been conducting the test of a J-PARC-made internal antenna in order to establish the production method and understand the beam characteristics of the antenna. At this time, we investigated the outgas characteristics during the production of a high-density plasma by using the J-PARC-made antenna. It is confirmed that no remarkable impurities are emitted from the antenna by a residual gas analysis using a quadrupole mass analyzer installed downstream the ion source and a spectroscopic analysis of the plasma in the ion source. It is found that the emittances of the H$$^-$$ beam extracted from the J-PARC radio-frequency H$$^-$$ ion source by using the antenna was similar as those in case by using SNS antenna.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of RF antenna lifetime after long-term operation of J-PARC ion source

Shibata, Takanori*; Ishida, Masaki*; Nammo, Kesao*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Oguri, Hidetomo

Proceedings of 19th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.863 - 867, 2023/01

Continuous operation duration of the J-PARC Radio Frequency (RF) ion source has been extended step by step these years for the goal to supply stable beam during the entire period of J-PARC user operation (around 7 months) each year. A 3651 hours (5 months) continuous ion source operation has been achieved from Nov. 2020 to Apr. 2021. As the lifetime of the ion source is mainly limited by failure on the RF antenna coil, detailed evaluation of the antenna surface condition is required to ensure the feasibility of the further extension of the operation time. In the present study, dimension measurements and SEM/EDS analyses were applied to understand the surface discoloration of the RF antenna. The discoloration after the long-term continuous operation is due to deposition of injected cesium (for H$$^-$$ surface production process) and of stainless used steel (Fe, Cr, Ni) from the ion source components sputtered by plasma. The results show that the enamel coating of the RF antenna has not worn out in the long-term continuous operation for several months and, hence, extension of the ion source continuous operation duration can be extended.

Journal Articles

Status of POP demonstration of 400 MeV H$$^{-}$$ laser stripping at J-PARC RCS

Saha, P. K.; Harada, Hiroyuki; Kinsho, Michikazu; Yoneda, Hitoki*; Michine, Yurina*; Sato, Atsushi*; Shibata, Takanori*

Proceedings of 19th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.272 - 276, 2023/01

Journal Articles

Soundness evaluation of J-PARC RF ion source after 5-month continuous operation

Shibata, Takanori*; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Nammo, Kesao*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Oguri, Hidetomo

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 2244, p.012041_1 - 012041_5, 2022/04

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.32

In the J-PARC user operation from Nov. 2020 - Apr. 2021, continuous operation of J-PARC Radio Frequency (RF) negative hydrogen ion (H$$^-$$) source up to 3,651 hours (5 months) has been achieved. The ion source was operated with the output H$$^-$$ current of 60 mA, the duty factor (for plasma generation) 2% and the input RF power up to 30 kW. After the operation, phase space diagrams at the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) entrance were measured by the emittance monitor at the ion source test stand (IS-TS) under the same operation condition as in the J-PARC Linac. Comparison of the phase spaces and the beam emittances between the ion sources in the present and the previous operations shows slight difference. From the direct observation of the antenna coil, no exhaustion or the decrease in the thickness of the enamel coating of the coil have been confirmed. The results indicate the possibility of the next goal of the long-run up to 7 months, which is the same as the full duration of the J-PARC user operation in 1 year.

Journal Articles

Effect of a 2-MHz RF source on the H$$^-$$ beam extracted from an RF-driven high-intensity H$$^-$$ ion source

Shinto, Katsuhiro; Shibata, Takanori*; Wada, Motoi*

Proceedings of 18th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.230 - 233, 2021/10

In most proton accelerator facilities such as J-PARC, SNS, CERN, a H$$^-$$ ion source equipped with a 2-MHz rf driver for plasma generation produces H$$^-$$ beams. We have reported H$$^-$$ beam characteristics extracted from the J-PARC rf-driven high-intensity H$$^-$$ ion source. We have been developing an emittance measurement apparatus equipped with a highly time-resolved data acquisition system in order to observe fluctuation of the beam emittance in association with the frequency of the rf driver. By using this apparatus, we found that the beam emittance is fluctuated with the frequency with the rf driver and higher harmonics. We will show some obtained results of the emittance fluctuation.

Journal Articles

Synchronization system of ion source RF and cavity RF in J-PARC linac

Shibata, Takanori*; Hirano, Koichiro; Hirane, Tatsuya*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Hayashi, Naoki; Oguri, Hidetomo

Proceedings of 18th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.417 - 421, 2021/10

In J-PARC linac, the operation of an rf-driven high-intensity H$$^-$$ ion source was initiated in 2014. For plasma ignition, the 2-MHz rf amplifier outputs the power of several tens kW. However the rf amplifier for the ion source and those for the accelerating cavities have not been synchronized. As a result, the wave hights in the beam waveforms were different in shot by shot. Therefore, we have developed an synchronization system between the rf system for the ion source and those for the cavity systems and succeeded the same wave hights in the waveforms.

Journal Articles

Recent progress of laser stripping POP demonstration study at J-PARC RCS

Saha, P. K.; Harada, Hiroyuki; Yoneda, Hitoki*; Michine, Yurina*; Fuchi, Aoi*; Sato, Atsushi*; Shibata, Takanori*; Kinsho, Michikazu

Proceedings of 18th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.656 - 660, 2021/10

Journal Articles

High-speed emittance measurements for beams extracted from J-PARC RF ion source

Shibata, Takanori*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Wada, Motoi*; Oguri, Hidetomo; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Nammo, Kesao*

AIP Conference Proceedings 2373, p.050002_1 - 050002_9, 2021/08

Oscillation of emittance and Twiss parameters in the negative ion beam from the J-PARC 2-MHz RF ion source is measured by applications of a double-slit emittance monitor located at the RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) entrance. The emittance monitor is equipped with a newly-developed 60 MS/s data acquisition system, so that beam current oscillation in a few MHz can be observed with enough time resolution. From the measurement, it is shown that the beam phase space consists of (1) a DC component in the beam core, (2) a 2-MHz oscillating component which takes place both in the beam core and the halo and (3) a doubled RF frequency (4 MHz) oscillation which slightly exists in the beam halo. The major component is the 2-MHz component, which resultantly decides the beam emittance oscillation frequency. A typical value of the beam emittance in the present experiment is 0.34 $$pi$$ mm-mrad, while the amplitude of the 2 MHz oscillation is around 0.04 $$pi$$ mm-mrad. The results indicate that the high-frequency oscillation component occupying about ten-percent of the beam from the RF source travels a few meters passing through a magnetic lens focusing system.

Journal Articles

Status of the J-PARC RF-driven H$$^{-}$$ ion source

Oguri, Hidetomo; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Shibata, Takanori*; Nammo, Kesao*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Ueno, Akira

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011008_1 - 011008_7, 2021/03

A cesiated RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source was initiated to operate in September, 2014 in response to the need for upgrading J-PARC's linac beam current. The ion source mainly comprises a stainless-steel plasma chamber, a beam extractor and a large vacuum chamber equipped with two turbo molecular pumps, each having the pumping speed of 1500 L/s, for differential pumping. The user operation was started with the beam current of 33 mA from the ion source. We gradually increased both beam current and continuous operation time of the ion source. In July, 2018 (Run#79), approximately 2,200 hours operation was achieved with the typical beam current, pulse length and repetition rate of 47 mA, 300 $$mu$$s and 25 Hz, respectively. Since October, 2018 (Run#80), the ion source has been delivering a nominal beam current of approximately 60 mA.

Journal Articles

Phase space formation of high intensity 60 and 80 mA H$$^-$$ beam with orifice in J-PARC front-end

Shibata, Takanori*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Nammo, Kesao*; Liu, Y.*; Otani, Masashi*; Naito, Fujio*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Okabe, Kota; Kondo, Yasuhiro; et al.

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011010_1 - 011010_6, 2021/03

Together with the intensity upgrade in J-PARC Linac Front-End, improvement of RFQ transmission ratio is an important task. This RFQ transmission ratio depends strongly upon the solenoid current settings in the low energy beam transport line (LEBT). In the present study, high beam current cases (72 mA and 88 mA H$$^-$$ beam current in LEBT) are investigated at a test-stand. Phase space distributions of the H$$^-$$ beam particles at the RFQ entrance are measured and compared with numerical results by Particle-In-Cell simulation. As a result, it has been clarified that a 15 mm $$phi$$ orifice for differential pumping of H$$_2$$ gas coming from the ion source plays a role as a collimator in these beam conditions. This leads to change the beam emittance and Twiss parameters at the RFQ entrance. Especially in the condition with the beam current up to 88 mA in LEBT, the beam collimation contributes to optimize the phase space distribution to the RFQ acceptance with relatively low solenoid current settings. As a higher solenoid current setting would be necessary to suppress the beam expansion due to high space charge effect, these results suggest that current-saving of the solenoids can be possible even in the higher beam intensity operations.

Journal Articles

Development of long pulse arc driven ion source for iBNCT

Shibata, Takanori*; Sugimura, Takashi*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Sato, Masaharu*; Naito, Fujio*; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Hasegawa, Kazuo

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011009_1 - 011009_6, 2021/03

Upgrade of beam current in the Linac of Ibaraki Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (iBNCT) is one of the most important requirements to realize clinical trial. By 2018, the measurement of the produced neutrons characteristics and the neutron irradiation experiment for living cells have been done by producing 8-MeV proton beam current at the beryllium target with average current up to 2 mA. In order to satisfy the original clinical trial conditions, 5 mA average beam current is required at the target. For this goal, peak beam current extracted from the ion source should be increased to 60 mA from the present 30 mA with duty factor up to more than 10% (pulse width up to 1 ms and repetition rate up to more than 100 Hz). Stability of the peak current in the macro pulse is also important for the clinical application.

Journal Articles

High intensity beam studies for the new MEBT1 design

Okabe, Kota; Liu, Y.*; Otani, Masashi*; Moriya, Katsuhiro; Shibata, Takanori*; Chimura, Motoki*; Hirano, Koichiro; Oguri, Hidetomo; Kinsho, Michikazu

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011011_1 - 011011_6, 2021/03

To realize more stable operation of the J-PARC accelerators, we have a re-design plan of an MEBT1 (Medium Energy Beam Transport). At the J-PARC Linac, the MEBT1 has transverse and longitudinal beam matching section for the DTLs. However there are some locally activated spots in DTL area at the current beam power level. To reduce beam loss during a beam acceleration at the DTLs is a most important task for a stable user operation. The first thing we should do is investigation a connection between beam quality in the MEBT1 and parameters of the upstream hardware. In this presentation, we will report a high intensity beam study results at the MEBT1.

Journal Articles

Status of laser development for laser stripping experiment at J-PARC

Harada, Hiroyuki; Saha, P. K.; Yoneda, Hitoki*; Michine, Yurina*; Fuchi, Aoi*; Sato, Atsushi*; Shibata, Takanori*; Kinsho, Michikazu

Proceedings of 17th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.441 - 445, 2020/09

The high-intensity proton accelerator adopts a charge exchange injection scheme, which injects with exchanging from negative Hydrogen ion to proton by using carbon foil. This scheme is destructive-type method by using the foil and can accumulate high intensity proton beam. However, the uncontrolled beam losses by scattering at the foil and the foil breaking by the beam collision are a key issue of high-intensity proton accelerator. In order to realize higher intensity, new injection scheme of non-destructive type is needed instead of the foil. We newly propose laser stripping injection scheme by using laser pulse. We plan proof of principle experiment at J-PARC and are developing the laser system. In my presentation, we introduce the overview of laser stripping injection scheme and report the status of laser development.

Journal Articles

Status of the proof-of-principle demonstration of 400 MeV H$$^{-}$$ laser stripping at J-PARC

Saha, P. K.; Harada, Hiroyuki; Yoneda, Hitoki*; Michine, Yurina*; Fuchi, Aoi*; Sato, Atsushi*; Shibata, Takanori*; Kinsho, Michikazu

Proceedings of 17th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.436 - 440, 2020/09

Journal Articles

Measurement of a time dependent spatial beam profile of an RF-driven H$$^-$$ ion source

Wada, Motoi*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Shibata, Takanori*; Sasao, Mamiko*

Review of Scientific Instruments, 91(1), p.013330_1 - 013330_5, 2020/01

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:21.87(Instruments & Instrumentation)

The ions are extracted from an ion source through a plasma sheath where a low frequency electromagnetic induction drives transport of charged particles including the target ions. High frequency alternating current commonly excites plasmas in sources for negative hydrogen (H$$^-$$) ions at a frequency in the MHz range. A high-speed beam current monitor system coupled to a narrow entrance slit enabled the investigation of the special distribution of the AC component intensity of the H$$^-$$ ion beam extracted from an ion source driven by a 2 MHz radio frequency (RF) power. The distribution showed a smaller oscillation of the beam at the center.

Journal Articles

Upgrade of the 3-MeV linac for testing of accelerator components at J-PARC

Kondo, Yasuhiro; Hirano, Koichiro; Ito, Takashi; Kikuzawa, Nobuhiro; Kitamura, Ryo; Morishita, Takatoshi; Oguri, Hidetomo; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Shinozaki, Shinichi; Shinto, Katsuhiro; et al.

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 1350, p.012077_1 - 012077_7, 2019/12

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:52.4

We have upgraded a 3-MeV linac at J-PARC. The ion source is same as the J-PARC linac's, and the old 30-mA RFQ is replaced by a spare 50-mA RFQ, therefore, the beam energy is 3 MeV and the nominal beam current is 50 mA. The main purpose of this system is to test the spare RFQ, but also used for testing of various components required in order to keep the stable operation of the J-PARC accelerator. The accelerator has been already commissioned, and measurement programs have been started. In this paper, present status of this 3-MeV linac is presented.

Journal Articles

Impact of stellar superflares on planetary habitability

Yamashiki, Yosuke*; Maehara, Hiroyuki*; Airapetian, V.*; Notsu, Yuta*; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Notsu, Shota*; Kuroki, Ryusuke*; Murashima, Keiya*; Sato, Hiroaki*; Namekata, Kosuke*; et al.

Astrophysical Journal, 881(2), p.114_1 - 114_24, 2019/08

 Times Cited Count:26 Percentile:83.44(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

The impact of Stellar flares on extrasolar planetary systems has been discussed and argued, especially whether there is a potential impact on their life systems. Here, we propose a comprehensive evaluation system for stellar flares, focusing on Stellar Proton Events (SPE) on selected extrasolar planets with hypothetical atmospheres and oceans. This is done by cross-linking KIC flare-observed and flare-estimated stars by their start pots that are directly linked with the Monte Carlo simulation system PHITS through the exoplanetary database system ExoKyoto. The estimated dose at ground level for each planetary surface did not exceed the critical dose for complex animals.

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