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JAEA Reports

Development of transportation container for neutron startup source of High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR)

Shimazaki, Yosuke; Sawahata, Hiroaki; Yanagida, Yoshinori; Shinohara, Masanori; Kawamoto, Taiki; Takada, Shoji

JAEA-Technology 2016-038, 36 Pages, 2017/02

JAEA-Technology-2016-038.pdf:8.75MB

The High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) has three neutron startup sources (NSs) in the reactor core, each of which consists of $$^{252}$$Cf with 3.7GBq The NSs are exchanged at the interval of approximately 7 years. The NS holders including NSs are transported from the dealer's hot cell to the reactor facility of HTTR using a transportation container. The loading work of NS holders to the Control Rod guide blocks is subsequently carried out in the fuel handling machine maintenance pit of HTTR. Following technical issues were extracted from the experiences in the past two exchange works of NSs to develop a safety handling procedure; (1) The reduction and prevention of radiation exposure of workers. (2) The exclusion of falling of NS holder. Then, a new transportation container special to the NSs of HTTR was developed to solve the technical issues while keeping the cost as low as that for overhaul of conventional container and satisfying the regulation of A type transportation package.

Journal Articles

Improvement of neutron startup source handling work by developing new transportation container for High-Temperature engineering Test Reactor (HTTR)

Shimazaki, Yosuke; Sawahata, Hiroaki; Shinohara, Masanori; Yanagida, Yoshinori; Kawamoto, Taiki; Takada, Shoji

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 54(2), p.260 - 266, 2017/02

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:10.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The High-Temperature engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) has three neutron startup sources (NSs) in the reactor core, each of which consists of $$^{252}$$Cf with 3.7 GBq and is contained in a small capsule, installed in NS holder and subsequently in a control guide block (CR block). The NSs are exchanged at the interval of approximately 7 years. The NS holders are transported from the dealer's hot cell to the reactor facility of HTTR using a transportation container. The loading work of NS holders to the CR blocks is subsequently carried out in the fuel handling machine maintenance pit of HTTR. Technical issues, which are the reduction and prevention of radiation exposure of workers and the exclusion of falling of NS holder, were extracted from the experiences in past two exchange works of NSs to develop a safety handling procedure. Then, a new transportation container special to the NSs of HTTR was developed to solve the technical issues while keeping the cost as low as that for overhaul of conventional container. As the results, the NS handling work using the new transportation container was safely accomplished by developing the new transportation container which can reduce the risks of radiation exposure dose of workers and exclude the falling of NS holder.

JAEA Reports

Shielding calculation by PHITS code during replacement works of startup neutron sources for HTTR operation

Shinohara, Masanori; Ishitsuka, Etsuo; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Sawahata, Hiroaki

JAEA-Technology 2016-033, 65 Pages, 2017/01

JAEA-Technology-2016-033.pdf:11.14MB

To reduce the neutron exposure dose for workers during the replacement works of the startup neutron sources of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor, calculations of the exposure dose in case of temporary neutron shielding at the bottom of fuels handling machine were carried out by the PHITS code. As a result, it is clear that the dose equivalent rate due to neutron radiation can be reduced to about an order of magnitude by setting a temporary neutron shielding at the bottom of shielding cask for the fuel handling machine. In the actual replacement works, by setting temporary neutron shielding, it was achieved that the cumulative equivalent dose of the workers was reduced to 0.3 man mSv which is less than half of cumulative equivalent dose for the previous replacement works; 0.7 man mSv.

Journal Articles

Investigation of countermeasure against local temperature rise in vessel cooling system in loss of core cooling test without nuclear heating

Ono, Masato; Shimizu, Atsushi; Kondo, Makoto; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Shinohara, Masanori; Tochio, Daisuke; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Nakagawa, Shigeaki; Takada, Shoji; Sawa, Kazuhiro

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, 2(4), p.044502_1 - 044502_4, 2016/10

In the loss of forced core cooling test using High Temperature engineering Test Reactor (HTTR), the forced cooling of reactor core is stopped without inserting control rods into the core and cooling by Vessel Cooling System (VCS) to verify safety evaluation codes to investigate the inherent safety of HTGR be secured by natural phenomena to make it possible to design a severe accident free reactor. The VCS passively removes the retained residual heat and the decay heat from the core via the reactor pressure vessel by natural convection and thermal radiation. In the test, the local temperature was supposed to exceed the limit from the viewpoint of long-term use at the uncovered water cooling tube by thermal reflectors in the VCS, although the safety of reactor is kept. Through a cold test, which was carried out by non-nuclear heat input from gas circulators with stopping water flow in the VCS, the local higher temperature position was specified although the temperature was sufficiently lower than the maximum allowable working temperature, and natural circulation of water had insufficient cooling effect on the temperature of water cooling tube below 1$$^{circ}$$C. Then, a new safe and secured procedure for the loss of forced core cooling test was established, which will be carried out soon after the restart of HTTR.

Journal Articles

Development of the prediction technology of cable disconnection of in-core neutron detector for the future high-temperature gas-cooled reactors

Shimazaki, Yosuke; Sawahata, Hiroaki; Kawamoto, Taiki; Suzuki, Hisashi; Shinohara, Masanori; Honda, Yuki; Katsuyama, Kozo; Takada, Shoji; Sawa, Kazuhiro

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, 2(4), p.041008_1 - 041008_5, 2016/10

Maintenance technologies for the reactor system have been developed by using the high-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR). One of the important purposes of development is to accumulate the experiences and data to satisfy the availability of operation up to 90% by shortening the duration of the periodical maintenance for the future HTGRs by shifting from the time-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance. The technical issue of the maintenance of in-core neutron detector, wide range monitor (WRM), is to predict the malfunction caused by cable disconnection to plan the replacement schedule. This is because that it is difficult to observe directly inside of the WRM in detail. The electrical inspection method was proposed to detect and predict the cable disconnection of the WRM by remote monitoring from outside of the reactor by using the time domain reflectometry and so on. The disconnection position, which was specified by the electrical method, was identified by non-destructive and destructive inspection. The accumulated data is expected to be contributed for advanced maintenance of future HTGRs.

Journal Articles

Development of transportation container for the neutron startup source of High Temperature engineering Test Reactor (HTTR)

Shimazaki, Yosuke; Ono, Masato; Tochio, Daisuke; Takada, Shoji; Sawahata, Hiroaki; Kawamoto, Taiki; Hamamoto, Shimpei; Shinohara, Masanori

Proceedings of International Topical Meeting on Research Reactor Fuel Management and Meeting of the International Group on Reactor Research (RRFM/IGORR 2016) (Internet), p.1034 - 1042, 2016/03

In High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR), three neutron holders containing $$^{252}$$Cf with 3.7 GBq for each are loaded in the graphite blocks and inserted into the reactor core as a neutron startup source which is changed at the interval of approximately ten years. These neutron holders containing the neutron sources are transported from the dealer's hot cell to HTTR using the transportation container. The holders loading to the graphite block are carried out in the fuel handling machine maintenance pit of HTTR. There were two technical issues for the safety handling work of the neutron holder. The one is the radiation exposure caused by significant movement of the container due to an earthquake, because the conventional transportation container was so large ($$phi$$1240 mm, h1855 mm) that it can not be fixed on the top floor of maintenance pit by bolts. The other is the falling of the neutron holder caused by the difficult remote handling work, because the neutron holder capsule was also so long ($$phi$$155 mm, h1285 mm) that it can not be pulled into the adequate working space in the maintenance pit. Therefore, a new and low cost transportation container, which can solve the issues, was developed. To avoid the neutron and $$gamma$$ ray exposure, smaller transportation container ($$phi$$820mm, h1150 mm) which can be fixed on the top floor of maintenance pit by bolts was developed. In addition, to avoid the falling of the neutron holder, smaller neutron holder capsule ($$phi$$75 mm, h135 mm) with simple handling mechanism which can be treated easily by manipulator was also developed. As the result of development, the neutron holder handling work was safely accomplished. Moreover, a cost reduction for manufacturing was also achieved by simplifying the mechanism of neutron holder capsule and downsizing.

Journal Articles

Development of the prediction technology of cable disconnection of in-core neutron detector for the future high-temperature gas cooled reactors

Shimazaki, Yosuke; Sawahata, Hiroaki; Kawamoto, Taiki; Suzuki, Hisashi; Shinohara, Masanori; Honda, Yuki; Katsuyama, Kozo; Takada, Shoji; Sawa, Kazuhiro

Proceedings of 23rd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-23) (DVD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2015/05

Maintenance technologies for the reactor system have been developed by using the high-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR). One of the important purposes of development is to accumulate the experiences and data to satisfy the availability of operation up to 90% by shortening the duration of the periodical maintenance for the future HTGRs by shifting from the time-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance. The technical issue of the maintenance of in-core neutron detector, wide range monitor (WRM), is to predict the malfunction caused by cable disconnection to plan the replacement schedule. This is because that it is difficult to observe directly inside of the WRM in detail. The electrical inspection method was proposed to detect and predict the cable disconnection of the WRM by remote monitoring from outside of the reactor by using the time domain reflectometry and so on. The disconnection position, which was specified by the electrical method, was identified by non-destructive and destructive inspection. The accumulated data is expected to be contributed for advanced maintenance of future HTGRs.

Journal Articles

Investigation of characteristics of natural circulation of water in vessel cooling system in loss of core cooling test without nuclear heating

Takada, Shoji; Shimizu, Atsushi; Kondo, Makoto; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Shinohara, Masanori; Seki, Tomokazu; Tochio, Daisuke; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Nakagawa, Shigeaki; Sawa, Kazuhiro

Proceedings of 23rd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-23) (DVD-ROM), 5 Pages, 2015/05

In the loss of forced core cooling test using High Temperature engineering Test Reactor (HTTR), the forced cooling of reactor core is stopped without inserting control rods into the core and cooling by Vessel Cooling System (VCS) to demonstrate the inherent safety of HTGR be secured by natural phenomena to make it possible to design a severe accident free reactor. In the test, the local temperature was supposed to exceed the limit from the viewpoint of long-term use at the uncovered water cooling tube by thermal reflectors in the VCS, although the safety of reactor is kept. The local higher temperature position was specified although the temperature was sufficiently lower than the maximum allowable working temperature, and natural circulation of water had insufficient cooling effect on the temperature of water cooling tube below 1$$^{circ}$$C. Then, a new safe and secured procedure for the loss of forced core cooling test was established, which will be carried out soon after the restart of HTTR.

Journal Articles

Near term test plan using HTTR (High Temperature engineering Test Reactor)

Takada, Shoji; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Shinohara, Masanori; Tochio, Daisuke; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Ono, Masato; Yanagi, Shunki; Nishihara, Tetsuo; Fukaya, Yuji; Goto, Minoru; et al.

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 271, p.472 - 478, 2014/05

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:53.55(Nuclear Science & Technology)

JAEA has carried out research and development to establish the technical basis of HTGRs using HTTR. To connect hydrogen production system to HTTR, it is necessary to ensure the reactor dynamics when thermal-load of the system is lost. Thermal-load fluctuation test is planned to demonstrate the reactor dynamics stability and to validate plant dynamics codes. It will be confirmed that the reactor become stable state during losing a part of removed heat at heat-sink. A temperature coefficient of reactivity is one of the important parameters for core dynamics calculations, and changes with burnup because of variance of fuel compositions. Measurement of temperature coefficient of reactivity has been conducted to confirm the validity of calculated temperature coefficient of reactivity. A LOFC test using HTTR has been carried out to verify the inherent safety under the condition of LOFC while the reactor shut-down system disabled.

JAEA Reports

Proposal of safety demonstration test plan of HTTR by cold test of loss of forced cooling with vessel cooling system inactive

Takada, Shoji; Shinohara, Masanori; Seki, Tomokazu; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Ono, Masato; Tochio, Daisuke; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Sawa, Kazuhiro

JAEA-Technology 2014-001, 34 Pages, 2014/03

JAEA-Technology-2014-001.pdf:4.46MB

The loss of forced cooling with vessel cooling system inactive has been planned by using HTTR at the reactor power 9 MW. In this test, the forced cooling of reactor core is lost and the vessel cooling system which removes decay heat from core is tripped. In the test, the technical items such that the temperature of water cooling tubes is expected to be higher are considered. The methods to solve such technical items were proposed. The proposed methods were verified based on the test data of the cold test toward the proposal of test plan of safety demonstration test. In the cold test, the two water trains of vessel cooling system was tripped under the condition that the reactor was heated up without nuclear heating. The reactor inlet temperature was set at 120 and 150$$^{circ}$$C.

JAEA Reports

Reconfirmation of facilities/instruments integrity by cold test of HTTR

Ono, Masato; Shinohara, Masanori; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Tochio, Daisuke; Nakagawa, Shigeaki; Shimazaki, Yosuke

JAEA-Technology 2013-042, 45 Pages, 2014/01

JAEA-Technology-2013-042.pdf:10.51MB

In HTTR, it has passed about two years since the last performance confirmation test. During two years, the integrity of active equipment, leakage efficiency of coolant pressure boundary of piping and vessel and control system performance due to influence of damage and deterioration by earthquake and aging were not confirmed. To confirm them, the cold test by using HTTR was conducted and the system performances such as above mentioned items were evaluated by comparing with the plant data obtained by the past cold test. In the result, no abnormity was found in all the data in the cooling system of HTTR, and it was confirmed that the integrity of facilities and instruments of HTTR was maintained in good condition.

JAEA Reports

Temperature coefficient measurement test of HTTR; Burn-up characteristic of temperature coefficients at reactor power 30 kW and 9 MW

Ono, Masato; Goto, Minoru; Shinohara, Masanori; Nojiri, Naoki; Tochio, Daisuke; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Yanagi, Shunki

JAEA-Technology 2013-001, 35 Pages, 2013/03

JAEA-Technology-2013-001.pdf:6.04MB

The temperature coefficient measurements of the HTTR have been carried out. In the beginning of the operation, temperature coefficients at the reactor power of 30 kW and 9 MW were obtained through 1999 to 2000. The operation days of the HTTR fuel reached 375 Effective Full Power Days (EFPD), which is over a half of design operation days (660 EFPD). The temperature coefficient measurements were conducted at the same power levels of 30 kW and 9 MW to evaluate burnup effect. Also, to measure temperature coefficient in high accuracy, technique of core temperature control and technique of core temperature homogenization were established.

Journal Articles

Improvement of numerical analytical model for temperature of primary biological shielding toward HTTR-LOFC test with VCS inactive

Takada, Shoji; Yanagi, Shunki; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Shinohara, Masanori; Tochio, Daisuke; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Ono, Masato; Sawa, Kazuhiro

UTNL-R-0483, p.9_1 - 9_10, 2013/03

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Long-term high-temperature operation of the HTTR

Goto, Minoru; Shinohara, Masanori; Tochio, Daisuke; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Hamamoto, Shimpei; Tachibana, Yukio

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 251, p.181 - 190, 2012/10

 Times Cited Count:22 Percentile:85.07(Nuclear Science & Technology)

30-days operation in rated operation mode and 50-days operation in high-temperature operation mode were performed to obtain various characteristic data of HTGR. The main test results are as follows:(1) Coated fuel particle (CFP) of the HTTR has excellent confinement ability of fission product which is the highest performance in the world, (2) The measurement temperature of the core internals is good agreement with the design value so that their structural integrity is maintained, and (3) The intermediate heat exchanger keeps excellent heat transfer performance from beginning of operation. Additionally, the following two issues were validated using the HTTR burnup data. (1) The effectiveness of rod-type burnable poisons on reactivity control in the HTTR, and (2) The whole core burnup calculation method for nuclear characteristics of the HTTR.

Journal Articles

Test plan using HTTR (High Temperature engineering Test Reactor)

Takada, Shoji; Iigaki, Kazuhiko; Shinohara, Masanori; Tochio, Daisuke; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Ono, Masato; Nishihara, Tetsuo; Fukaya, Yuji; Goto, Minoru; Tachibana, Yukio; et al.

Proceedings of 6th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology (HTR 2012) (USB Flash Drive), 8 Pages, 2012/10

JAEA has carried out research and development to establish the technical basis of HTGRs using HTTR. LOFC test to verify the inherent safety of HTGR under the condition of loss of forced cooling while the reactor shut-down system disabled was initiated. A temperature coefficient of reactivity is one of the important parameters for core dynamics calculations for safety analysis, and changes with burnup because of variance of fuel compositions, which has been measured to confirm the validity of the calculated ones. In order to connect hydrogen production system to HTTR, it is necessary to ensure the reactor safety when thermal-load of the hydrogen production system is lost. Thermal load fluctuation test is planned to demonstrate the reactor safety and gain the test data for validation of the plant dynamics code. It will be confirmed that the reactor become stable state during a part of removed heat at HTTR heat-sink is lost.

JAEA Reports

Relocation work of temporary thermocouples for measuring the vessel cooling system in the safety demonstration test

Shimazaki, Yosuke; Shinohara, Masanori; Ono, Masato; Yanagi, Shunki; Tochio, Daisuke; Iigaki, Kazuhiko

JAEA-Technology 2012-010, 24 Pages, 2012/05

JAEA-Technology-2012-010.pdf:6.92MB

It is necessary to confirm that the temperature of water cooling panel of the vessel cooling system (VCS) is controlled under the allowable working temperature during the safety demonstration test because the water cooling panel temperature rises due to stop of cooling water circulation pumps. Therefore, several temporary thermocouples are relocated to the side cooling panel outlet ring header of VCS and the water cooling panel near the stabilizers of RPV in order to observe the temperature change of VCS. The relocated thermocouples can measure the temperature change with starting of the water circulation pumps of VCS. So it is confirmed that the relocated thermocouples can observe the VCS temperature change in the safety demonstration test.

JAEA Reports

Plant data evaluation of performance confirmation test in HTTR after Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake

Ono, Masato; Tochio, Daisuke; Shinohara, Masanori; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Yanagi, Shunki; Iigaki, Kazuhiko

JAEA-Technology 2012-004, 46 Pages, 2012/03

JAEA-Technology-2012-004.pdf:3.17MB

Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake occurred on March 11th 2011 and the earthquake intensity of an upper 5 on the Japanese scale was observed in Oarai town. HTTR conducted the confirmation test on cold state in order to ensure the facilities/instruments of reactor building operate normally. In this test, the plant data in the facilities/instruments start up phase and continue steady operation phase were measured and compared with the previous operation data, and the soundness of facilities/instruments is evaluated. As a result, the facilities/instruments operate normally and keep safety and performance of the HTTR were ensured. This paper reports the evaluation of the plant data.

JAEA Reports

Safety demonstration test using the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR); Cold test of the loss of forced cooling

Shinohara, Masanori; Yanagi, Shunki; Tochio, Daisuke; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Nojiri, Naoki; Owada, Hiroyuki; Sato, Nao; Sagawa, Hiroshi; Umeda, Masayuki

JAEA-Technology 2011-029, 39 Pages, 2011/12

JAEA-Technology-2011-029.pdf:3.03MB

JAEA plans and performs the safety demonstration test using the HTTR to develop High Temperature Gas Reactor technologies. Cold test of the loss of forced cooling was conducted prior to the safety demonstration test, to check test procedure and plant behavior. Cold test consists of two phases, Phase1, 1 or 2 Vessel Cooling System (VCS) terminates, in the Phase2, all 3 Gas circulators and 1 VCS terminates. Cold test could confirm test process, and obtain data necessary to analysis and 2-dimensional horizontal sectional model analysis was verified to simulate actual measurement value.

JAEA Reports

Handling of HTTR second driver fuel elements in assembling and storage working

Tomimoto, Hiroshi; Kato, Yasushi; Owada, Hiroyuki; Sato, Nao; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Kozawa, Takayuki; Shinohara, Masanori; Hamamoto, Shimpei; Tochio, Daisuke; Nojiri, Naoki; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2009-025, 29 Pages, 2009/06

JAEA-Technology-2009-025.pdf:21.78MB

The first driver fuel of the HTTR (High Temperature Engineering test Reactor) was loaded in 1998 and the HTTR reached first criticality state in the same year. The HTTR has been operated using the first driver fuel for a decade. In Fuel elements assembling, 4770 of fuel rods which consist of 12 kinds of enrichment uranium are loaded into 150 fuel graphite blocks for HTTR second driver fuel elements. Measures of prevention of fuel rod miss loading, are employed in fuel design. Additionally, precaution of fuel handling on assembling are considered. Reception of fuel rods, assembling of fuel elements and storage of second driver fuels in the fresh fuel storage rack in the HTTR were started since June, 2008. Assembling, storage and pre-service inspection were divided into three parts. The second driver fuel assembling was completed in September, 2008. This report describes concerns of fuel handling on assembling and storage work for the HTTR fuel elements.

Journal Articles

Application of pressure swing adsorption to water detritiation process

Iwai, Yasunori; Yamanishi, Toshihiko; Nishi, Masataka; Suzuki, Yutaka*; Kurita, Koichi*; Shimazaki, Masanori*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 42(6), p.566 - 572, 2005/06

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:40.53(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Pressure swing adsorption has been studied as a new water processing method for a future fusion power plant which will have a large amount of tritiated water to be processed. A series of adsorption and dehydration experiments was carried out for a typical adsorbent of NaX zeolite and it was clearly observed that break through time differs in H$$_{2}$$O and HTO, that is, it is certain that NaX zeolite can separate into the tritium concentrated water and the tritium reduced water. The quick dehydration is attained by decompression and purge gas flowing. It was observed that a part of the water released by decompression was transferred by the purge gas, and the rest water was adsorbed on the adsorbent again and was gradually released by the diffusion. It is demonstrated that enlargement of pressure difference between adsorption and dehydration is effective to obtain high dehydration ratio. Furthermore, it was also verified that enough vapor removal capacity of purge gas is quite necessary to obtain high dehydration ratio.

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