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JAEA Reports

Annual report on the environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant FY2022

Kokubun, Yuji; Nakada, Akira; Seya, Natsumi; Koike, Yuko; Nemoto, Masashi; Tobita, Keiji; Yamada, Ryohei*; Uchiyama, Rei; Yamashita, Daichi; Nagai, Shinji; et al.

JAEA-Review 2023-046, 164 Pages, 2024/03

JAEA-Review-2023-046.pdf:4.2MB

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories conducts environmental radiation monitoring around the reprocessing plant in accordance with the "Safety Regulations for Reprocessing Plant of JAEA, Part IV: Environmental Monitoring". This report summarizes the results of environmental radiation monitoring conducted during the period from April 2022 to March 2023 and the results of dose calculations for the surrounding public due to the release of radioactive materials into the atmosphere and ocean. In the results of the above environmental radiation monitoring, many items were affected by radioactive materials emitted from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated (changed to Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. on April 1, 2016), which occurred in March 2011. Also included as appendices are an overview of the environmental monitoring plan, an overview of measurement methods, measurement results and their changes over time, meteorological statistics results, radioactive waste release status, and an evaluation of the data which deviated of the normal range.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant FY2021

Nakada, Akira; Kanai, Katsuta; Seya, Natsumi; Nishimura, Shusaku; Futagawa, Kazuo; Nemoto, Masashi; Tobita, Keiji; Yamada, Ryohei*; Uchiyama, Rei; Yamashita, Daichi; et al.

JAEA-Review 2022-078, 164 Pages, 2023/03

JAEA-Review-2022-078.pdf:2.64MB

Environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant has been performed by the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, based on "Safety Regulations for the Reprocessing Plant of Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Chapter IV - Environmental Monitoring". This annual report presents the results of the environmental monitoring and the dose estimation to the hypothetical inhabitant due to the radioactivity discharged from the plant to the atmosphere and the sea during April 2021 to March 2022. In this report, some data include the influence of the accidental release from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (the trade name was changed to Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. on April 1, 2016) in March 2011. Appendices present comprehensive information, such as monitoring programs, monitoring methods, monitoring results and their trends, meteorological data and discharged radioactive wastes. In addition, the data which were influenced by the accidental release and exceeded the normal range of fluctuation in the monitoring, were evaluated.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant FY2020

Nakada, Akira; Nakano, Masanao; Kanai, Katsuta; Seya, Natsumi; Nishimura, Shusaku; Nemoto, Masashi; Tobita, Keiji; Futagawa, Kazuo; Yamada, Ryohei; Uchiyama, Rei; et al.

JAEA-Review 2021-062, 163 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Review-2021-062.pdf:2.87MB

Environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant has been performed by the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, based on "Safety Regulations for the Reprocessing Plant of Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Chapter IV - Environmental Monitoring". This annual report presents the results of the environmental monitoring and the dose estimation to the hypothetical inhabitant due to the radioactivity discharged from the plant to the atmosphere and the sea during April 2020 to March 2021. In this report, some data include the influence of the accidental release from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (the trade name was changed to Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. on April 1, 2016) in March 2011. Appendices present comprehensive information, such as monitoring programs, monitoring methods, monitoring results and their trends, meteorological data and discharged radioactive wastes. In addition, the data which were influenced by the accidental release and exceeded the normal range of fluctuation in the monitoring, were evaluated.

JAEA Reports

Background radiation monitoring using manned helicopter for establishment of technique of nuclear emergency response in the fiscal year 2017 (Contract research)

Futemma, Akira; Sanada, Yukihisa; Iwai, Takeyuki*; Seguchi, Eisaku; Matsunaga, Yuki*; Kawabata, Tomoki; Toyoda, Masayuki*; Tobita, Shinichiro*; Hiraga, Shogo*; Sato, Kazuhiko*; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2018-016, 98 Pages, 2019/02

JAEA-Technology-2018-016.pdf:18.64MB

By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the NPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter was conducted around FDNPS. We have carried out the background monitoring around the nuclear power stations of the whole country to apply the airborne radiation monitoring technique that has been cultivated in Fukushima against nuclear emergency response. The results of monitoring around Tomari, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa and Genkai Nuclear Power Station in the fiscal 2017 were summarized in this report. In addition, technical issues were described.

JAEA Reports

Radiation monitoring using manned helicopter around the Nuclear Power Station in the fiscal year 2017 (Contract research)

Futemma, Akira; Sanada, Yukihisa; Ishizaki, Azusa; Iwai, Takeyuki*; Seguchi, Eisaku; Matsunaga, Yuki*; Kawabata, Tomoki; Toyoda, Masayuki*; Tobita, Shinichiro*; Hiraga, Shogo*; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2018-015, 120 Pages, 2019/02

JAEA-Technology-2018-015.pdf:15.01MB

By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the NPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter was conducted around FDNPS. The results in the fiscal 2017 were summarized in this report. In addition, we developed and systemized the discrimination technique of the Rn-progenies. The accuracy of aerial radiation monitoring was evaluated by taking into consideration GPS data error.

Journal Articles

R&D of active neutron NDA techniques for nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security, 3; Validation of neutron transport code for design of NDA system

Maeda, Makoto; Komeda, Masao; Tobita, Hiroshi; Ozu, Akira; Kureta, Masatoshi; Bogucarska, T.*; Crochemore, J. M.*; Varasano, G.*; Pedersen, B.*

Dai-37-Kai Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nihon Shibu Nenji Taikai Rombunshu (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2017/02

JAEA and EC/JRC are carrying out collaborative research to develop NDA techniques that can be utilized for quantification of high radioactive special nuclear materials such as spent fuel and next generation minor actinide fuels. In the research, reliability of neutron transport codes is important because it is utilized for design and development of a demonstration system of next-generation Differential Die-away (DDA) technique in JAEA. In order to evaluate the reliability, actual neutron flux distribution in a sample cavity was examined in PUNITA device using JRC type DDA technique and JAWAS-T device using JAEA type DDA technique, and then the measurement results were compared with the simulation results obtained by the neutron transport codes. The neutron flux distribution in the target matrix was also examined in the PUNITA and compared with the simulation results. We report on the measurement and simulation results of the neutron flux distribution and evaluation results of the reliability of the neutron transport codes.

Journal Articles

R&D of active neutron NDA techniques for nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security, 2; Development of Next-Generation DDA technique

Ozu, Akira; Maeda, Makoto; Komeda, Masao; Tobita, Hiroshi; Kureta, Masatoshi

Dai-37-Kai Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nihon Shibu Nenji Taikai Rombunshu (CD-ROM), 9 Pages, 2017/02

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Evaluation of neutron flux distribution in the JAEA type and JRC type DDA systems

Maeda, Makoto; Komeda, Masao; Tobita, Hiroshi; Ozu, Akira; Kureta, Masatoshi; Bogucarska, T.*; Crochemore, J. M.*; Varasano, G.*; Pedersen, B.*

Proceedings of INMM 57th Annual Meeting (Internet), 9 Pages, 2016/07

The JAEA and EC/JRC have started collaborative research to develop a technique that can be utilized for quantification of high radioactive special nuclear materials such as next generation minor actinide fuels. In the study of a Differential Die-Away (DDA) technique, which is one of the techniques to be improved in the collaborative research, JRC type and JAEA type DDA techniques are compared. In the JRC type DDA technique, large amount of thermal neutron is generated using D-T neutron generator and graphite moderator to accomplish high detection sensitivity for small amount of fissile material. On the other hand, in JAEA type, relatively hard neutron spectrum and moderation of neutron in the target matrix are utilized to minimize position dependence of detection efficiency. Estimation of the neutron field is important to evaluate the performance of the system in DDA technique. The purpose of this study is to validate simulation results by experimental results and evaluate neutron flux distribution in the system by the simulation and the experiment. In this paper, we present the evaluation results of the neutron flux distributions in PUNITA which utilizes JRC type DDA technique and JAWAS-T which utilizes JAEA type DDA technique obtained by Monte Carlo simulation and activation method.

Journal Articles

Development of active neutron NDA techniques for nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security, 1; Study on next generation DDA

Kureta, Masatoshi; Maeda, Makoto; Ozu, Akira; Tobita, Hiroshi

Proceedings of INMM 57th Annual Meeting (Internet), 8 Pages, 2016/07

Under the collaboration program with EC Joint Research Center, we have carried out the R&D program "Development of active neutron NDA techniques for nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security" with DDA (Differential Die-away Analysis), NRTA, PGA / NRCA and DGS. In this paper, we presents the outline of the current activity and study on next generation DDA. The goal of this study is to establish the DDA technique for high radiation nuclear materials with small measurement uncertainty. Lastly simulation study on newly developed prototype system "Active-N" which will be constructed at JAEA/NUCEF/BECKY facility in 2017 is presented.

Journal Articles

Applicability evaluation of candidate technologies for nuclear material quantification in fuel debris at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station; Active neutron technique (Interim report)

Komeda, Masao; Maeda, Makoto; Furutaka, Kazuyoshi; Tobita, Hiroshi; Hattori, Kentaro; Shimofusa, Taichi; Ozu, Akira; Kureta, Masatoshi

Proceedings of INMM 57th Annual Meeting (Internet), 10 Pages, 2016/07

We are working on the development of a non-destructive assay (NDA) measurement system using the Fast Neutron Direct Interrogation (FNDI) method. The FNDI method is a kind of active neutron technique and can measure the total amounts of fissile materials (U-235, Pu-239, Pu-241). We have already carried out design analyses of an NDA measurement system for measuring the debris assuming use of the Three Mile Island (TMI) canister model. The result was presented at the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) 56th Annual Meeting. Since then, we have modified the design of the NDA measurement system for the fuel debris and canister models at 1F. In this paper, we provide the calculation and evaluation results using the modified NDA measurement system. Moreover, we provide analytical investigations of the influence of fuel debris including high fissile material content on measurements.

Journal Articles

Demonstration result of sample assay system equipped alternative He-3 detectors

Tanigawa, Masafumi; Mukai, Yasunobu; Tobita, Hiroshi; Kurata, Noritaka*; Kobayashi, Nozomi*; Takase, Misao*; Makino, Risa; Ozu, Akira; Nakamura, Hironobu; Kurita, Tsutomu; et al.

56th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM 2015), Vol.1, p.693 - 701, 2016/00

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Design study on differential die-away technique in an integrated active neutron NDA system for non-nuclear proliferation

Ozu, Akira; Maeda, Makoto; Komeda, Masao; Tobita, Hiroshi; Kureta, Masatoshi; Koizumi, Mitsuo; Seya, Michio

Proceedings of 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC 2016) (Internet), 4 Pages, 2016/00

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Study on nondestructive measurement of nuclear materials in fuel debris by using fast neutron direct interrogation method

Maeda, Makoto; Furutaka, Kazuyoshi; Kureta, Masatoshi; Ozu, Akira; Tobita, Hiroshi; Komeda, Masao; Hattori, Kentaro

Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai (INMM) Nihon Shibu Dai-36-Kai Nenji Taikai Rombunshu (Internet), 9 Pages, 2015/12

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster in March 11th in 2011 is considered to produce fuel debris. It is difficult to measure nondestructively the amount of fissile materials in the fuel debris since the constituents of the debris are unknown and it may contain various materials such as water, metal, and even neutron absorber. A fast neutron direct interrogation (FNDI) method, which has been developed for long years to measure uranium bearing wastes drums, can measure an amount of nuclear materials regardless of a matrix of the wastes drums. We have studied nondestructive assay for nuclear materials in fuel debris by using the FNDI method. In this paper, we report on a design study of a nondestructive measurement system for debris canister and results of the investigation on the applicability of the FNDI method to the fuel debris containing various materials using Monte Carlo simulations.

Journal Articles

Development of sample assay system equipped with $$^{3}$$He Alternative Neutron Detectors (ASAS), 1; Design and fabrication of ASAS detector

Ozu, Akira; Tobita, Hiroshi; Kureta, Masatoshi; Tanigawa, Masafumi; Mukai, Yasunobu; Nakamichi, Hideo; Nakamura, Hironobu; Kurita, Tsutomu; Seya, Michio

Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai (INMM) Nihon Shibu Dai-36-Kai Nenji Taikai Rombunshu (Internet), 9 Pages, 2015/12

Against the background of the serious shortage of $$^{3}$$He gas, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has newly developed an alternative ZnS ceramic scintillation neutron detector for the safeguards, with the support of the government (MEXT). A demonstrator of plutonium inventory sample assay system (ASAS) has been also developed as an alternative HLNCC (High Level Neutron Coincidence Counter). The results from numerical simulations using Monte-Carlo code MCNPX showed that the fundamental performances of ASAS equipped with the 24 alternative neutron detectors, such as neutron detection efficiency and die-away time, equal to or higher than those of conventional HLNCC could be obtained. Here we present the inner mechanical structure of ASAS, together with the results of the simulating design.

Journal Articles

Development of sample assay system equipped with $$^{3}$$He Alternative Neutron Detectors (ASAS), 2; Results of ASAS measurement test

Tanigawa, Masafumi; Mukai, Yasunobu; Kurita, Tsutomu; Makino, Risa; Nakamura, Hironobu; Tobita, Hiroshi; Ozu, Akira; Kureta, Masatoshi; Seya, Michio

Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai (INMM) Nihon Shibu Dai-36-Kai Nenji Taikai Rombunshu (Internet), 9 Pages, 2015/12

Against the background of the serious shortage of $$^{3}$$He gas, design and development of a new detector equipped ZnS/$$^{10}$$B$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ ceramic scintillation neutron detectors in JAEA, with the support of the government (the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology). The design of the alternative $$^{3}$$He detector is referred from INVS (INVentory Sample assay system (HLNCC (High Level Neutron Coincidence Counter) type)) which is being used for the verification of MOX powder etc. and is named it as ASAS (Alternative Sample Assay System). In order to prove the Pu quantitative performance as an alternative technology, several measurement tests and comparison test with INVS were conducted using ASAS. In these tests, evaluation of fundamental performance (counting efficiency and die-away time) and uncertainty evaluations were implemented. As a result, although fundamental performance of ASAS was not achieved to the one of INVS, we could confirm that ASAS has almost the same Pu quantitative performance including measurement uncertainty as that of INVS.

Journal Articles

Demonstration result of sample assay system equipped alternative He-3 detectors

Nakamura, Hironobu; Mukai, Yasunobu; Tobita, Hiroshi; Nakamichi, Hideo; Ozu, Akira; Kureta, Masatoshi; Kurita, Tsutomu; Seya, Michio

Proceedings of 37th ESARDA Annual Meeting (Internet), p.45 - 53, 2015/08

JAEA conducted an R&D project to develop a new type of neutron detector using ZnS/$$^{10}$$B$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ ceramic scintillator (as an alternative neutron detector to He-3) with support of Japanese government. The design of the JAEAs alternative system (ASAS: Alternative Sample Assay System using ceramic scintillator tubes) refers basically to the INVS (INVentory Sample assay system) which is the passive type of neutron assay system equipped total 18 He-3 tubes and capable of measuring the small amount of Pu in the MOX powder or Pu nitrate solution in a vial for nuclear material accountancy and safeguards verification. In order to prove the alternative technology and the performance instead of He-3 detector, and to establish Pu measurement capability, JAEA developed and fabricated ASAS equipped 24 alternative ceramic scintillator tubes (which is equivalent to the same counting efficiency of INVS) and demonstrated. The demonstration activity implemented the confirmation of reproducibility about sample positioning, optimization of detector parameters, counting statistical uncertainty, stability check and figure of merit (FOM) using Cf check source and actual MOX powder in PCDF (Plutonium Conversion Development Facility). In addition, performance comparison between the current INVS and the ASAS was also implemented. In this paper, we present demonstration results with design information with Monte-Carlo simulation code (MCNP).

Journal Articles

Simulation study on non-destructive assay for fuel debris by using Fast Neutron Direct Interrogation (FNDI) method

Maeda, Makoto; Furutaka, Kazuyoshi; Kureta, Masatoshi; Ozu, Akira; Tobita, Hiroshi; Komeda, Masao; Hattori, Kentaro

Proceedings of INMM 56th Annual Meeting (Internet), 8 Pages, 2015/07

In Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), it has been started that investigation on applicability of Fast Neutron Direct Interrogation (FNDI) method to fuel debris. FNDI method is expected to be promising non-destructive Assay (NDA) technique which measures total amounts of fissile materials. In this presentation, we report on basic model of non-destructive measurement system designed by using Monte Carlo Code PHITS, the effect of the matrix in debris canister on FNDI method evaluated by using Monte Carlo Code MVP and four dimensional (4 D) visualization results of neutron flux obtained by using visualization tool we have newly developed.

Journal Articles

Study of safety features and accident scenarios in a fusion DEMO reactor

Nakamura, Makoto; Tobita, Kenji; Gulden, W.*; Watanabe, Kazuhito*; Someya, Yoji; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Araki, Takao*; Matsumiya, Hisato*; Ishii, Kyoko*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(9-10), p.2028 - 2032, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:70.4(Nuclear Science & Technology)

After the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident, a social need for assuring safety of fusion energy has grown gradually in the Japanese (JA) fusion research community. DEMO safety research has been launched as a part of BA DEMO Design Activities (BA-DDA). This paper reports progress in the fusion DEMO safety research conducted under BA-DDA. Safety requirements and evaluation guidelines have been, first of all, established based on those established in the Japanese ITER site invitation activities. The amounts of radioactive source terms and energies that can mobilize such source terms have been assessed for a reference DEMO, in which the blanket technology is based on the Japanese fusion technology R&D programme. Reference event sequences expected in DEMO have been analyzed based on the master logic diagram and functional FMEA techniques. Accident initiators of particular importance in DEMO have been selected based on the event sequence analysis.

Journal Articles

Key aspects of the safety study of a water-cooled fusion DEMO reactor

Nakamura, Makoto; Tobita, Kenji; Someya, Yoji; Tanigawa, Hisashi; Gulden, W.*; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Araki, Takao*; Watanabe, Kazuhito*; Matsumiya, Hisato*; Ishii, Kyoko*; et al.

Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 9, p.1405139_1 - 1405139_11, 2014/10

Key aspects of the safety study of a water-cooled fusion DEMO reactor is reported. Safety requirements, dose target, DEMO plant model and confinement strategy of the safety study are briefly introduced. The internal hazard of a water-cooled DEMO, i.e. radioactive inventories, stored energies that can mobilize these inventories and accident initiators and scenarios, are evaluated. It is pointed out that the enthalpy in the first wall/blanket cooling loops, the decay heat and the energy potentially released by the Be-steam chemical reaction are of special concern for the water-cooled DEMO. An ex-vessel loss-of-coolant of the first wall/blanket cooling loop is also quantitatively analyzed. The integrity of the building against the ex-VV LOCA is discussed.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of light transport property in alternative He-3 neutron detectors using ceramic scintillators by a ray-tracing simulation

Ozu, Akira; Takase, Misao*; Kurata, Noritaka*; Kobayashi, Nozomi*; Tobita, Hiroshi; Haruyama, Mitsuo; Kureta, Masatoshi; Nakamura, Tatsuya; Suzuki, Hiroyuki; To, Kentaro; et al.

Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference; 21st International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and $$gamma$$-ray detectors (NSS/MIC 2014), 5 Pages, 2014/00

In Japan Atomic Energy Agency, the helium-3 alternative neutron detector using ceramic scintillators for nuclear safeguards is under development with the support of the government. The alternative detector module consists of four components: an aluminum regular square tube, a light reflecting foil put on the inner surface of the square tube, a rectangular scintillator sheet sintered on a glass plate, and two PMTs provided at both ends of the tube. The scintillator sheet is fit on the diagonal inside the square tube. The light transport property of scintillator lights inside the tube influences on the fundamental performance of the alternative detector. Therefore, the properties of the lights emitted on the surface of the scintillator sheet and scintillation lights passing through the glass plate to the PMTs in several arrangements of the scintillator in the tubes were investigated with a ray-tracing simulation. The results are described in comparison with the experimental results.

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