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neutron diffraction of iron hydride in iron-silicate-water system under high pressure and high temperature conditionIizuka, Riko*; Yagi, Takehiko*; Goto, Hirotada*; Okuchi, Takuo*; Hattori, Takanori; Sano, Asami
Hamon, 27(3), p.104 - 108, 2017/08
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the solar system and is considered to be one of the promising candidates of the light elements in the Earth's core. However, the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the core and its process are still unknown because hydrogen cannot be detected by X ray and easily escapes from iron at ambient conditions. In this study, we have conducted high-pressure and high-temperature in-situ neutron diffraction experiments on the iron-hydrous mineral system using PLANET in J-PARC. We observed that the water, which was dissociated from a hydrous mineral, reacted with iron to form both iron oxide and iron hydride at about 4 GPa. Iron hydride remained stable after further increase in temperature. This formation occurred at 1000K, where no materials melted. This suggests that hydrogen dissolved into iron before any other light elements dissolved in the very early stage of the Earth's evolution.
Iizuka, Riko*; Yagi, Takehiko*; Goto, Hirotada*; Okuchi, Takuo*; Hattori, Takanori; Sano, Asami
Nature Communications (Internet), 8, p.14096_1 - 14096_7, 2017/01
Times Cited Count：44 Percentile：88.82(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Density of the Earth's core is lower than that of pure iron and the light element(s) in the core is a long-standing problem. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the solar system and thus one of the important candidates. However, the dissolution process of hydrogen into iron remained unclear. Here we carry out high-pressure and high-temperature in situ neutron diffraction experiments and clarify that when the mixture of iron and hydrous minerals are heated, iron is hydrogenized soon after the hydrous mineral is dehydrated. This implies that early in the Earth's evolution, as the accumulated primordial material became hotter, the dissolution of hydrogen into iron occurred before any other materials melted. This suggests that hydrogen is likely the first light element dissolved into iron during the Earth's evolution and it may affect the behaviour of the other light elements in the later processes.
Hattori, Takanori; Sano, Asami; Arima, Hiroshi*; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Yamada, Akihiro*; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Nakatani, Takeshi; Seto, Yusuke*; Nagai, Takaya*; Utsumi, Wataru; et al.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 780, p.55 - 67, 2015/04
Times Cited Count：75 Percentile：99.01(Instruments & Instrumentation)PLANET is a time-of-flight (ToF) neutron beamline dedicated to high-pressure and high-temperature experiments. The large six-axis multi-anvil high-pressure press designed for ToF neutron diffraction experiments enables routine data collection at high pressures and high temperatures up to 10 GPa and 2000 K, respectively. To obtain clean data, the beamline is equipped with the incident slits and receiving collimators to eliminate parasitic scattering from the high-pressure cell assembly. The high performance of the diffractometer for the resolution (
/ 
0.6%) and the accessible -spacing range (0.2-8.4 
) together with low-parasitic scattering characteristics enables precise structure determination of crystals and liquids under high pressure and temperature conditions.
Wakai, Eiichi; Kondo, Hiroo; Kanemura, Takuji; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hoashi, Eiji*; Fukada, Satoshi*; Suzuki, Akihiro*; Yagi, Juro*; Tsuji, Yoshiyuki*; et al.
Proceedings of Plasma Conference 2014 (PLASMA 2014) (CD-ROM), 2 Pages, 2014/11
In the IFMIF/EVEDA (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility/ Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activity), the validation tests of the EVEDA lithium test loop with the world's highest flow rate of 3000 L/min was succeeded in generating a 100 mm-wide and 25 mm-thick free-surface lithium flow steadily under the IFMIF operation condition of a high-speed of 15 m/s at 250
C in a vacuum of 10 
Pa. Some excellent results of the recent engineering validations including lithium purification, lithium safety, and remote handling technique were obtained, and the engineering design of lithium facility was also evaluated. These results will advance greatly the development of an accelerator-based neutron source to simulate the fusion reactor materials irradiation environment as an important key technology for the development of fusion reactor materials.
Sano, Asami; Hattori, Takanori; Arima, Hiroshi*; Yamada, Akihiro*; Tabata, Satoshi*; Kondo, Masahiro*; Nakamura, Akihiro*; Kagi, Hiroyuki*; Yagi, Takehiko*
Review of Scientific Instruments, 85(11), p.113905_1 - 113905_8, 2014/11
Times Cited Count：42 Percentile：84.25(Instruments & Instrumentation)We developed a six-axis multi-anvil press, ATSUHIME, for high-pressure and high-temperature in situ time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction experiments. The press has six orthogonally oriented hydraulic rams that operate individually to compress a cubic sample assembly. Experiments indicate that the press can generate pressures up to 9.3 GPa and temperatures up to 2000 K using a 6-6-type cell assembly, with available sample volume of about 50 mm 
. Using a 6-8-type cell assembly, the available conditions expand to 16 GPa and 1273 K. Combination of the six-axis press and the collimation devices realized high-quality diffraction pattern with no contamination from the heater or the sample container surrounding the sample. This press constitutes a new tool for using neutron diffraction to study the structures of crystals and liquids under high pressures and temperatures.
Iizuka, Riko*; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Kagi, Hiroyuki*; Nagai, Takaya*; Sano, Asami; Hattori, Takanori; Goto, Hirotada*; Yagi, Takehiko*
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 218, p.95 - 102, 2014/10
Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：33.77(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)In situ neutron diffraction measurements combined with the pulsed neutron source at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) were conducted on high-pressure polymorphs of deuterated portlandite (Ca(OD)
) using a Paris-Edinburgh cell and a multi-anvil press. The atomic positions including hydrogen for the unquenchable high-pressure phase at room temperature (phase II') were first clarified. The bent hydrogen bonds under high pressure were consistent with results from Raman spectroscopy. The structure of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase (Phase II) was concordant with that observed previously by another group for a recovered sample. The observations elucidate the phase transition mechanism among the polymorphs, which involves the sliding of CaO polyhedral layers, position modulations of Ca atoms, and recombination of Ca-O bonds accompanied by the reorientation of hydrogen to form more stable hydrogen bonds.
Sano, Asami; Yagi, Takehiko*; Okada, Taku*; Goto, Hirotada*; Kikegawa, Takumi*
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 39(5), p.375 - 383, 2012/05
Times Cited Count：20 Percentile：55.17(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)X-ray diffraction measurements of distorted rutile-type oxyhydroxides 
-GaOOH, InOOH, -CrOOH, and -CrOOD were taken at a maximum pressure of up to 35 GPa under quasi-hydrostatic conditions, at ambient temperature. Anomalies in the evolution of the relative lattice constants and the axial ratios of -GaOOH, InOOH, and -CrOOD suggest anisotropic stiffening along the a- and/or b-axes where the hydrogen bond is formed. The changes were observed at 15 GPa in -GaOOH and InOOH and at 4 GPa in -CrOOD. The pressures were higher in oxyhydroxides that have longer O...O distances of the hydrogen bond at ambient pressure. In contrast, such stiffening behavior was not observed in CrOOH, which has a significant short O...O distance and strong hydrogen bond. The stiffening behaviors observed in the present study can be attributed to the symmetrization of the hydrogen bonds in oxyhydroxides, as was previously found in 
-AlOOH(D).
Iizuka, Riko*; Kagi, Hiroyuki*; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Ushijima, Daichi*; Nakano, Satoshi*; Sano, Asami; Nagai, Takaya*; Yagi, Takehiko*
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 38(10), p.777 - 785, 2011/12
Times Cited Count：10 Percentile：33.32(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The pressure responses of portlandite and the isotope effect on the phase transition were investigated at room temperature from single-crystal Raman and IR spectra and from powder X-ray diffraction using diamond anvil cells under quasi-hydrostatic conditions in a helium pressure-transmitting medium. Phase transformation and subsequent peak broadening observed from the Raman and IR spectra of Ca(OH) occurred at lower pressures than those of Ca(OD). In contrast, no isotope effect was found on the volume and axial compressions observed from powder X-ray diffraction patterns. X-ray diffraction lines attributable to the high-pressure phase remained up to 28.5 GPa, suggesting no total amorphization in a helium pressure medium within the examined pressure region. These results suggest that the H-D isotope effect is engendered in the local environment surrounding H(D) atoms.
Sano, Asami; Kuribayashi, Takahiro*; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Yagi, Takehiko*; Otani, Eiji*
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 189(1-2), p.56 - 62, 2011/11
Times Cited Count：22 Percentile：52.77(Geochemistry & Geophysics)A neutron powder diffraction experiment was conducted to refine the hydrogen position of Mg-endmember deuterated wadsleyite. Preliminary refinement using the dry-structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a maximum peak Q1 of nuclear density in the difference Fourier map at the M3 octahedral edge, between the O1 and O4 atoms. Full Rietveld refinement was conducted assuming that the maximum peak corresponds to deuterium atom. The deuterium position was determined as (0.096, 0.289, 0.315) with occupancy of 8.2%. The structure determined by this study predicts that the hydration of wadsleyite has an anisotropic effect on diffusion properties.
-Al(OH)
; Neutron diffraction measurements and ab initio calculationsMatsui, Masanori*; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Ikeda, Emi*; Sano, Asami; Goto, Hirotada*; Yagi, Takehiko*
American Mineralogist, 96(5-6), p.854 - 859, 2011/05
Times Cited Count：13 Percentile：38.25(Geochemistry & Geophysics)Neutron powder diffraction analyses of -Al(OD) revealed that the crystals are orthorhombic with space group 
2
22, but not 
as reported previously by X-ray diffraction data. The initial lattice parameters and the atomic positions of both Al and O were taken from previous X-ray structural analyses for the structure, while the H atom positions were determined using ab initio calculations. The -Al(OH) structure possesses one relatively long and two short O-H...O hydrogen bonds. Ab initio calculations are also used to find that -Al(OH) with space group 222 transforms to another high pressure polymorph with space group at around 67 GPa, and that the two short hydrogen bonds in -Al(OH) become both symmetric through the transformation, in which the protons are located at the midpoints of the O...O hydrogen bonds.
Arima, Hiroshi; Hattori, Takanori; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Abe, Jun; Utsumi, Wataru; Kagi, Hiroyuki*; Suzuki, Akio*; Suzuya, Kentaro; Kamiyama, Takashi; Arai, Masatoshi; et al.
Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 215(1), p.012025_1 - 012025_6, 2010/03
The powder diffractometer dedicated to high-pressure experiments (PLANET) is now being constructed on BL11 at the spallation neutron source of J-PARC. PLANET aims to study structures of hydrogen-bearing materials including dense hydrous minerals of the Earth's deep interior, magmas and light element liquids. The instrument will realize diffraction and radiography experiments for powder and liquid/glass samples at high pressures up to 20 GPa and 2000 K. It covers d spacing from 0.2 to 4.1 at 90 bank within the first frame.
Arima, Hiroshi*; Hattori, Takanori; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Abe, Jun; Utsumi, Wataru; Kagi, Hiroyuki*; Suzuki, Akio*; Suzuya, Kentaro; Kamiyama, Takashi*; Arai, Masatoshi; et al.
Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 215(1), p.012025_1 - 012025_6, 2010/03
Times Cited Count：14 Percentile：96.3(Instruments & Instrumentation)The powder diffractometer dedicated to high-pressure experiments (PLANET) is now being constructed on BL11 at the spallation neutron source of J-PARC. PLANET aims to study structures of hydrogen-bearing materials including dense hydrous minerals of the Earth's deep interior, magmas and light element liquids. The instrument will realize diffraction and radiography experiments for powder and liquid/glass samples at high pressures up to 20 GPa and 2000 K. It covers spacing from 0.2 to 4.1 at 90 bank within the first frame. The design and performance of PLANET have been evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations.
Utsumi, Wataru; Kagi, Hiroyuki*; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Arima, Hiroshi*; Nagai, Takaya*; Okuchi, Takuo*; Kamiyama, Takashi*; Uwatoko, Yoshiya*; Matsubayashi, Kazuyuki*; Yagi, Takehiko*
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 600(1), p.50 - 52, 2009/02
Times Cited Count：13 Percentile：64.74(Instruments & Instrumentation)The application of high pressure can induce dramatic changes in the physical properties of condensed matter. Diffraction experiments under high pressure provide precise structural information, which is fundamental to understand their origin. When in situ high pressure neutron diffraction becomes possible at J-PARC, further outstanding researches are expected such as crystal structure of hydrogen-bearing materials including hydrous minerals, order-disorder transitions of minerals, structure of light element liquid at high pressure, etc.. Conceptual designs of neutron optics and high pressure devices for J-PARC are introduced.
Fujii, Yasuhiko; Arai, Masatoshi; Kadono, Ryosuke*; Kanaya, Toshiji*; Kamiyama, Takashi*; Niimura, Nobuo*; Nojiri, Hiroyuki*; Noda, Yukio*; Yagi, Takehiko*; Yamada, Kazuyoshi*
Kotai Butsuri, 43(7), p.441 - 450, 2008/07
no abstracts in English
As
Namiki, Takahiro*; Aoki, Yuji*; Sato, Hideyuki*; Sekine, Chihiro*; Shirotani, Ichimin*; Matsuda, Tatsuma; Haga, Yoshinori; Yagi, Takehiko*
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 76(9), p.093704_1 - 093704_4, 2007/09
Times Cited Count：31 Percentile：77.29(Physics, Multidisciplinary)
X-ray diffraction study at SPring-8Watanuki, Tetsu; Shimomura, Osamu; Yagi, Takehiko*; Kondo, Tadashi*; Isshiki, Maiko*
Review of Scientific Instruments, 72(2), p.1289 - 1292, 2001/02
Times Cited Count：82 Percentile：93.94(Instruments & Instrumentation)no abstracts in English
Yagi, Takehiko*; Kondo, Tadashi*; Watanuki, Tetsu; Shimomura, Osamu; Kikegawa, Takumi*
Review of Scientific Instruments, 72(2), p.1293 - 1297, 2001/02
Times Cited Count：28 Percentile：78.2(Instruments & Instrumentation)no abstracts in English
Irifune, Tetsuo*; Kuroda, Koji*; Nishiyama, Norimasa*; Inoue, Toru*; Funamori, Nobumasa*; Uchida, Takeyuki*; Yagi, Takehiko*; Utsumi, Wataru; Miyajima, Nobuyoshi*; Fujino, Kiyoshi*; et al.
Geophysical Monograph 101 (Properties of Earth and Planetary Materials at High Pressure and Temperature), p.1 - 8, 1998/00
no abstracts in English
formed under Quasi-hydrostatic compression of cristobaliteYamakata, Masaaki*; Yagi, Takehiko*
Review of High Pressure Science and Technology, 7, p.107 - 109, 1998/00
no abstracts in English
*; Yagi, Takehiko*; Taniguchi, Takashi*; Shimomura, Osamu*
Advanced Materials 96 (Proc. of 3rd NIRIM Int. Symp. on Advanced Materials:ISAM 96), 0, p.257 - 261, 1996/00
no abstracts in English
