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Nordlund, K.*; Zinkle, S. J.*; Sand, A. E.*; Granberg, F.*; Averback, R. S.*; Stoller, R. E.*; Suzudo, Tomoaki; Malerba, L.*; Banhart, F.*; Weber, W. J.*; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 512, p.450 - 479, 2018/12
Times Cited Count：315 Percentile：99.52(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Scientific understanding of any kind of radiation effects starts from the primary damage. We consider the extensive experimental and computer simulation studies that have been performed over the past several decades on what the nature of the primary damage is. We review both the production of crystallographic or topological defects in materials as well as radiation mixing, i.e. the process where atoms in perfect crystallographic positions exchange positions with other ones in non-defective positions. We also consider the recent effort to provide alternatives to the current international standard for quantifying this energetic particle damage, the Norgett-Robinson-Torrens displacements per atom (NRT-dpa) model for metals. We present in detail new complementary displacement production estimators ("athermal recombination corrected dpa": arc-dpa) and atomic mixing ("replacements per atom": rpa) functions that extend the NRT-dpa, and discuss their advantages and limitations.
Nordlund, K.*; Zinkle, S. J.*; Sand, A. E.*; Granberg, F.*; Averback, R. S.*; Stoller, R.*; Suzudo, Tomoaki; Malerba, L.*; Banhart, F.*; Weber, W. J.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 9, p.1084_1 - 1084_8, 2018/03
Times Cited Count：223 Percentile：98.88(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Atomic collision processes are fundamental to numerous advanced materials technologies such as electron microscopy, semiconductor processing and nuclear power generation. Experimental and computer simulation studies over the past several decades provide the physical basis for understanding the atomic-scale processes occurring during primary displacement events. The current international standard for quantifying this particle damage, the Norgett-Robinson-Torrens displacements per atom (NRT-dpa) model, has nowadays several well-known limitations. In particular, the number of radiation defects produced in energetic cascades in metals is only 
1/3 the NRT-dpa prediction, while the number of atoms involved in atomic mixing is about a factor of 30 larger than the dpa value. Here we propose two new complementary displacement production estimators.
Nordlund, K.*; Sand, A. E.*; Granberg, F.*; Zinkle, S. J.*; Stoller, R.*; Averback, R. S.*; Suzudo, Tomoaki; Malerba, L.*; Banhart, F.*; Weber, W. J.*; et al.
NEA/NSC/DOC(2015)9 (Internet), 86 Pages, 2015/00
Within this report, we review the current understanding of primary radiation damage from neutrons, ions and electrons with emphasis on the range of validity of the dpa concept in all main classes of materials, and in particular discuss known shortcomings. We recognise that the current NRT-dpa standard is fully valid in the sense of a scaled radiation exposure measure, as it is essentially proportional to the radiation energy deposited per volume. As such, it is highly recommended to be used in reporting neutron damage results to enable comparison between different nuclear reactor environments and ion irradiations. However, in the sense of a measure of damage production the NRT-dpa value has several well-known problems. We discuss this matter and propose an improved dpa definition.
Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Hirose, Takanori; Shiba, Kiyoyuki; Kasada, Ryuta*; Wakai, Eiichi; Serizawa, Hisashi*; Kawahito, Yosuke*; Jitsukawa, Shiro; Kimura, Akihiko*; Kono, Yutaka*; et al.
Fusion Engineering and Design, 83(10-12), p.1471 - 1476, 2008/12
Times Cited Count：78 Percentile：97.72(Nuclear Science & Technology)Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFMs) are recognized as the primary candidate structural materials for fusion blanket systems. F82H, which were developed and studied in Japan, was designed with an emphasis on high temperature properties and weldability. The database on F82H properties is currently the most extensive available among the existing RAFMs. The objective of this paper is to review the R&D status of F82H and to identify the key technical issues for the fabrication of an ITER Test Blanket Module (TBM) suggested by recent achievements in Japan.
Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Sakasegawa, Hideo*; Hashimoto, Naoyuki*; Zinkle, S. J.*; Klueh, R. L.*; Koyama, Akira*
Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report for the Period Ending (DOE/ER-0313/35), p.33 - 36, 2004/04
Extraction replica samples were prepared from F82H-IEA, F82H HT2, JLF-1 and ORNL9Cr to analyze the precipitate distribution. The samples were examined to obtain precipitate size distribution with TEM and to analyze chemical composition distribution with SEM. Back-scattered electron imaging was found to be the effective way to separate Ta-rich precipitate from other precipitates. Results showed that most of the precipitates were M23C6, and the shape is a round ellipsoid in F82H-IEA and HT2, but was a long ellipsoid in JFL-1 and ORNL9Cr. It was also found that MX precipitates were few and large and contain Ti in F82H-IEA and HT2, but a lot of fine MX precipitates without Ti were observed in JLF-1 and ORNL9Cr.
Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Sakasegawa, Hideo*; Zinkle, S. J.*; Klueh, R. L.*; Koyama, Akira*
Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report for the Period Ending (DOE/ER-0313/35), p.30 - 32, 2004/04
Extraction residue was made from several HFIR 11J-irradiated RAFs, and the mass change was measured to investigate the irradiation-enhanced change in precipitation. Two different types of filter with coarse and fine pores were used in order to separate the difference of irradiation effects between larger and smaller precipitates. Unirradiated specimens were examined as well. Results suggest that during irradiation the mass of larger precipitates increased in F82H-IEA, Ni-doped F82H, JLF-1 and ORNL9Cr, fine precipitates disappeared in JLF-1, and fine precipitates increased in Ni-doped F82H.
Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Sakasegawa, Hideo*; Payzant, E. A.*; Zinkle, S. J.*; Klueh, R. L.*; Koyama, Akira*
Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report for the Period Ending (DOE/ER-0313/35), p.37 - 40, 2004/04
XRD analyses were performed on the extraction residue of HFIR 11J-irradiated RAFs to investigate the overall precipitate character. Un-irradiated and aged specimens were examined as well. Results suggested that the distinctive peaks of M23C6 (M; Cr, Fe, W) were observed on all specimens. Peaks possibly related to MX (M;Ta,Ti,V : X ; C, N) were observed on the specimens extracted from un-irradiated JLF-1 and ORNL9Cr, but those peaks were not observed on irradiated specimens.
Takeuchi, Hiroshi; Sugimoto, Masayoshi; Nakamura, Hiroo; Yutani, Toshiaki*; Ida, Mizuho*; Jitsukawa, Shiro; Kondo, Tatsuo; Matsuda, Shinzaburo; Matsui, Hideki*; Shannon, T. E.*; et al.
Fusion Energy 2000 (CD-ROM), 5 Pages, 2001/00
no abstracts in English
Yamamoto, Shin; Shikama, Tatsuo*; Belyakov, V.*; Farnum, E.*; Hodgson, E. R.*; Nishitani, Takeo; Orlinski, D.*; Zinkle, S.*; Kasai, Satoshi; Stott, P.*; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 283-287(1), p.60 - 69, 2000/12
Times Cited Count：67 Percentile：96.23(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)no abstracts in English
Noda, Kenji; Ehrlich, K.*; Jitsukawa, Shiro; Moeslung, A.*; Zinkle, S.*
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 258(263), p.97 - 105, 1998/10
Times Cited Count：20 Percentile：81.49(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)no abstracts in English
