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Journal Articles

Analysis of gadolinium oxide using microwave-enhanced fiber-coupled micro-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Ikeda, Yuji*; Soriano, J. K.*; Oba, Hironori; Wakaida, Ikuo

Scientific Reports (Internet), 13, p.4828_1 - 4828_9, 2023/03

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:99.08(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Journal Articles

Doppler-free ablation fluorescence spectroscopy of Ca for high-resolution remote isotopic analysis

Miyabe, Masabumi; Kato, Masaaki*; Hasegawa, Shuichi*

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 38(2), p.347 - 358, 2023/02

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.02(Chemistry, Analytical)

To develop remote isotopic analysis for the nuclids with small isotope shifts, Doppler-free fluorescence spectroscopy of Ca was performed using laser ablation plume. Counter-propagating laser beams from two external cavity diode lasers were used to irradiate the plume in order to excite the ground-state Ca atoms to the $$^{1}$$D$$_{2}$$ state through a double resonance scheme of $$^{1}$$S$$_{0}$$ $$rightarrow$$ $$^{1}$$P$$_{1}$$ $$rightarrow$$ $$^{1}$$D$$_{2}$$. Subsequently, we measured fluorescence spectra associated with the relaxation from the $$^{1}$$D$$_{2}$$ to $$^{1}$$P$$_{1}$$ states. The linewidth measured at 1 ms delay after ablation under helium gas pressure of 70 Pa was found to be less than 70 MHz, which was about 1/30 of the linewidth of the Doppler-limited fluorescence spectrum. A broad Gaussian pedestal was observed at less than 600 micro-second delay in the temporal variation in fluorescence spectra, and it was most likely due to the velocity-changing collision. Additionally, the pressure broadening rate coefficient for the second-step $$^{1}$$P$$_{1}$$$$rightarrow$$ $$^{1}$$D$$_{2}$$ transition was determined to be 46.0 MHz/torr from the spectra measured under various gas pressures. We evaluated analytical performances such as linearity of the calibration curve, limit of detection, and measurement accuracy using fluorescence signals of three naturally occurring Ca isotopes (i.e., $$^{40}$$Ca, $$^{42}$$Ca, and $$^{44}$$Ca). The limit of detection of isotopic abundance was estimated to be 0.09% from the 3-sigma criteria of the background. These results suggest that this spectroscopic technique is promising for remote isotopic analysis of nuclides with small isotope shifts.

Journal Articles

Odd-parity autoionizing levels of uranium observed by two-color two-step photoionization optogalvanic spectroscopy

Miyabe, Masabumi; Satou, Yukihiko; Wakaida, Ikuo; Terabayashi, Ryohei*; Sonnenschein, V.*; Tomita, Hideki*; Zhao, Y.*; Sakamoto, Tetsuo*

Journal of Physics B; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 54(14), p.145003_1 - 145003_8, 2021/07

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.01(Optics)

Two-color two-step photoionization optogalvanic spectroscopy was performed using high-repetition-rate titanium sapphire lasers and a uranium hollow cathode lamp to find the two-step resonance ionization schemes of uranium. Many ionization transitions were observed by exciting uranium atoms in a ground state into five, even parity, excited levels with the first-step laser and by scanning the second-step laser wavelengths. By blocking the first-step laser, single-color, two-photon ionization transitions were also identified. From these results, we have found more than 50 odd-parity autoionizing levels of uranium in the energy, ranging from the ionization potential (49958.4 cm$$^{-1}$$) to 51150 cm$$^{-1}$$. The determined energy levels are within 1 cm$$^{-1}$$ of previously reported values.

Journal Articles

Observation of vibration characteristics of a cylindrical water tank by a phase-shifted optical pulse interference sensor

Morishita, Hideki*; Yoshida, Minoru*; Nishimura, Akihiko; Matsudaira, Masayuki*; Hirayama, Yoshiharu*; Sugano, Yuichi*

Hozengaku, 20(1), p.101 - 108, 2021/04

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Highly sensitive detection of sodium in aqueous solutions using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with liquid sheet jets

Nakanishi, Ryuzo; Oba, Hironori; Saeki, Morihisa; Wakaida, Ikuo; Tanabe, Rie*; Ito, Yoshiro*

Optics Express (Internet), 29(4), p.5205 - 5212, 2021/02

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:84.06(Optics)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with liquid jets was applied to the detection of trace sodium (Na) in aqueous solutions. The sensitivities of two types of liquid jets were compared: a liquid cylindrical jet with a diameter of 500 $$mu$$m and a liquid sheet jet with a thickness of 20 $$mu$$m. Compared with the cylindrical jet, the liquid sheet jet effectively reduced the splash from the laser-irradiated surface and produced long-lived luminous plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) of Na was determined to be 0.57 $$mu$$g/L for the sheet jet and 10.5 $$mu$$g/L for the cylindrical jet. The LOD obtained for the sheet jet was comparable to those obtained for commercially available inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometers.

Journal Articles

Development of microwave-assisted, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy without a microwave cavity or waveguide

Oba, Masaki; Miyabe, Masabumi; Akaoka, Katsuaki; Wakaida, Ikuo

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 59(6), p.062001_1 - 062001_6, 2020/06

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:49.94(Physics, Applied)

Using a semiconductor microwave source and a coaxial cable for microwave transmission, a compact microwave-assisted, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system without a microwave cavity or waveguide was developed. Several types of electrode heads were tested, so that the emission intensity was 50 times larger than without microwave. The limit of the enhancement effect was also found.

Journal Articles

Development of laser ablation absorption spectroscopy for nuclear fuel materials; Plume expansion behavior for refractory metals observed by laser-induced fluorescence imaging spectroscopy

Miyabe, Masabumi; Oba, Masaki; Akaoka, Katsuaki; Kato, Masaaki*; Hasegawa, Shuichi*; Wakaida, Ikuo

Applied Physics A, 126(3), p.213_1 - 213_10, 2020/03

AA2019-0700.pdf:2.82MB

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:39.72(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

The dynamic behavior of an ablation plume in low pressure rare gas ambient was investigated with laser-induced fluorescence imaging spectroscopy for three refractory metals, i.e. titanium, zirconium and hafnium. A comparison of the plume expansion behaviors for the species of these elements revealed an atomic weight effect on the plume structure formation. A hemispherical thin layer and cavity structure reported previously for gadolinium were observed also for these elements. It was found that the plume size increases as well as the layer thickness decreases with increasing atomic weight. For ground state atoms of Ti, substantial amount of atoms were observed even at the center of the plume. Also, the persistence of the Ti atomic plume was as long as 300 $$mu$$s, which was significantly longer than the other species studied. Furthermore, the mass-dependent elemental separation was observed in the ablation plume produced from a multielement sample. These results suggest that the observed plume structure arises from the ion-electron recombination process and the recoil of the ablated species during the multiple collisions with gas atoms.

Journal Articles

The Analysis of thermomechanical periodic motions of a drinking bird

Uechi, Schun*; Uechi, Hiroshi*; Nishimura, Akihiko

World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(4), p.559 - 571, 2019/11

A water drinking bird is discussed in terms of a thermomechanical model. A mathematical expression of motion derived from the thermomechanical model of a drinking bird and numerical solutions are explicitly shown, which is helpful in understanding physical meanings and fundamental difference between mechanical and thermomechanical periodic motion. The mathematical and physical differences between mechanical and thermomechanical periodic motion. The process of a drinking bird motion could be applied to energy harvesting technology by way of the current modeling.

Journal Articles

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and related resonance spectroscopy for nuclear fuel cycle management and for decommissioning of "Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station"

Wakaida, Ikuo; Oba, Hironori; Miyabe, Masabumi; Akaoka, Katsuaki; Oba, Masaki; Tamura, Koji; Saeki, Morihisa

Kogaku, 48(1), p.13 - 20, 2019/01

By Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and by related resonance spectroscopy, elemental and isotope analysis of Uranium and Plutonium for nuclear fuel materials and in-situ remote analysis under strong radiation condition for melt downed nuclear fuel debris at damaged core in "Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station", are introduced and performed as one of the application in atomic energy research field.

Journal Articles

Electronic structure of Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$; Photoelectron spectroscopy of the Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$[PF$$_{6}$$$$^{-}$$] salt and STM of the single Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$ molecules on Cu(111)

Yamada, Yoichi*; Kuklin, A. V.*; Sato, Sho*; Esaka, Fumitaka; Sumi, Naoya*; Zhang, C.*; Sasaki, Masahiro*; Kwon, E.*; Kasama, Yasuhiko*; Avramov, P. V.*; et al.

Carbon, 133, p.23 - 30, 2018/07

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:55.55(Chemistry, Physical)

We report first STM observation of the Li$$^{+}$$ ion endohedral C$$_{60}$$, which is of a new class of endohedral fullerenes, prepared by means of evaporation of high-purity Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$[PF$$_{6}$$$$^{-}$$] salt in ultra-high vacuum. Prior to the STM measurements, the electronic structure of Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$ in the Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$[PF$$_{6}$$$$^{-}$$] salt was also precisely determined. In the salt, it is shown that Li and PF$$_{6}$$ have nearly single positive and negative charge, respectively, and the C$$_{60}$$ cage is nearly neutral, suggesting that Li$$^{+}$$@C$$_{60}$$ in the salt retains its original electronic state.

Journal Articles

Chemical state and isotope ratio analysis of individual uranium particles by a combination of micro-Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry

Yomogida, Takumi; Esaka, Fumitaka; Magara, Masaaki

Analytical Methods, 9(44), p.6261 - 6266, 2017/11

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:56.05(Chemistry, Analytical)

A combination of micro-sampling, micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was applied to the characterization of individual uranium particles. Reference particles with U$$_{3}$$O$$_{8}$$ (NBL CRM U010) and UO$$_{2}$$ were identified by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray detection (SEM-EDX) and transferred onto grassy carbon substrates by micro-sampling. The crystalline phases of the reference particles with diameters ranging from 1 $$mu$$m to 5 $$mu$$m were determined non-destructively by using MRS thanks to the optimization of laser power at the measurement. Isotope ratios were also determined with SIMS after the MRS analysis and were consistent with values in the literature. These results indicate that chemical forms and isotope ratios of individual uranium particles as small as 1 $$mu$$m can be analyzed efficiently by using the proposed method.

Journal Articles

Non-contact and selective Pd separation based on laser-induced photoreduction for determination of $$^{107}$$Pd by ICP-MS; The Relation between separation conditions and Pd recovery

Yomogida, Takumi; Asai, Shiho; Saeki, Morihisa*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Horita, Takuma; Esaka, Fumitaka; Oba, Hironori*; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

Bunseki Kagaku, 66(9), p.647 - 652, 2017/09

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:7(Chemistry, Analytical)

Palladium-107 is a long-lived fission product, which can be found in high-level radioactive liquid wastes (HLLW). Determination of the $$^{107}$$Pd contents in HLLW is essential to evaluate the long-term safety of HLLW repositories. However, the $$^{107}$$Pd content in HLLW has not been reported because of difficulties in pretreatment for the measurement. In this study, we investigated applicability of laser-induced photoreduction to HLLW solution: it enables a simple and non-contact separation of Pd. The results showed the recovery of 60% was achieved at the conditions: 40% ethanol, 20 min irradiation, 100 mJ of pulse energy. Additionally, major radionuclides and potentially interfering components in ICP-MS were removed from the simulated HLLW over a wide concentration range of Pd from 0.24 to 24 mg L$$^{-1}$$, showing the applicability of the proposed separation technique to HLLW samples.

JAEA Reports

Measurement of uranium spectrum using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy; High resolution spectroscopy (470-670 nm)

Akaoka, Katsuaki; Oba, Masaki; Miyabe, Masabumi; Otobe, Haruyoshi; Wakaida, Ikuo

JAEA-Research 2016-005, 40 Pages, 2016/05

JAEA-Research-2016-005.pdf:1.82MB

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) method is an attractive technique because real-time, in-situ and remote elemental analysis is possible without any sample preparation. The LIBS technique can be applied for analyzing elemental composition of samples under severe environments such as the estimation of impurities in the next generation nuclear fuel material containing minor actinide (MA) and the detection of fuel debris in the post-accident nuclear core reactor of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. For applying LIBS to the analysis of nuclear fuel materials, it is indispensable to identify the emission spectrum and its intensity on impurities intermingled within complex emission spectra of matrix elements such as uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu). In the present study, an echelle spectrometer with a resolving power of 50,000 was employed to identify spectra of natural uranium of wavelength ranging from 470 to 670 nm. The 173 atomic spectra and 119 ionic spectra can be identified. We have confirmed that the measured wavelength and oscillator strength of spectra are consistent with published values.

Journal Articles

Ablation plume structure and dynamics in ambient gas observed by laser-induced fluorescence imaging spectroscopy

Miyabe, Masabumi; Oba, Masaki; Iimura, Hideki; Akaoka, Katsuaki; Khumaeni, A.*; Kato, Masaaki; Wakaida, Ikuo

Spectrochimica Acta, Part B, 110, p.101 - 117, 2015/08

AA2015-0183.pdf:3.11MB

 Times Cited Count:25 Percentile:82.24(Spectroscopy)

The dynamic behavior of an ablation plume in ambient gas has been investigated by laser-induced fluorescence imaging spectroscopy. The second harmonic beam from an Nd:YAG laser (0.5-6J/cm$$^{2}$$) was focused on a sintered oxide pellet or a metal chip of gadolinium. The produced plume was subsequently intersected with a sheet-shaped UV beam from a dye laser so that time-resolved fluorescence images were acquired with an intensified CCD camera at various delay times. The obtained cross-sectional images of the plume indicate that the ablated ground state atoms and ions of gadolinium accumulate in a hemispherical contact layer between the plume and the ambient gas, and a cavity containing a smaller density of ablated species is formed near the center of the plume. At earlier expansion stage, another luminous component also expands in the cavity so that it coalesces into the hemispherical layer. The splitting and coalescence for atomic plume occur later than those for ionic plume. Furthermore, the hemispherical layer of neutral atoms appears later than that of ions; however, the locations of the layers are nearly identical. This coincidence of the appearance locations of the layers strongly suggests that the neutral atoms in the hemispherical layer are produced as a consequence of three-body recombination of ions through collisions with gas atoms. The obtained knowledge regarding plume expansion dynamics and detailed plume structure is useful for optimizing the experimental conditions for ablation-based spectroscopic analysis.

JAEA Reports

Characterization of NiC/Ti supermirror deposited on a metallic substrate

Tamura, Itaru; Kashima, Yoichi; Soyama, Kazuhiko

JAEA-Research 2014-029, 12 Pages, 2015/03

JAEA-Research-2014-029.pdf:1.89MB

Neutron guide tubes, which are installed near reactor cores, are damaged by neutrons and $$gamma$$ rays irradiation. Those glass substrates which contain boron material are affected by (n, $$alpha$$) reaction, and ionization effect of $$gamma$$ rays on material strength decrease duration of use of neutron guide tubes. In order to increase resistance to radiation, we have fabricated a supermirror with Ni-P metallic substrate. The substrate roughness with 0.2 - 0.3 nm (rms) was produced by super- polishing. The neutron reflectivity reached 76 % for an m=3 supermirror.

Journal Articles

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for nuclear fuel material

Akaoka, Katsuaki; Miyabe, Masabumi; Otobe, Haruyoshi; Wakaida, Ikuo

Reza Kenkyu, 42(12), p.918 - 922, 2014/12

For the remote analysis of the next generation nuclear fuel material containing minor actinide (MA), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to uranium oxide (U$$_{3}$$O$$_{8}$$) including a small amount of neodymium oxide (Nd$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$) as a simulated sample of MA. By using deconvolution technique for the spectra of Nd in U, the complex, overlapped and confused spectra were separated and their actual intensities were determined. As a result, the calibration curve with good linearity and the detection limit of less than 700 ppm were demonstrated.

Journal Articles

Positronium bubble oscillation in room temperature ionic liquids

Hirade, Tetsuya

JJAP Conference Proceedings, Vol.2 (Internet), p.011003_1 - 011003_6, 2014/11

Ps has negative work function in insulating materials and the repulsion between Ps and surrounding molecules can form a bubble in liquids. However, it is needed to lose energy to be in a stable bubble state. Therefore the oscillation of the bubble size is expected. The ortho-Ps pick off annihilation probability depends on the size of the Ps bubble and hence the oscillation on the lifetime spectra is expected. In the case of usual liquids, bubble formation time is not so slow and then the oscillation can not be observed by the positron annihilation lifetime measurements with the time resolution of about 200 ps. Now the bubble formation in IL is slow and then the expected oscillation on the lifetime spectra was successfully observed.

Journal Articles

Pressure-induced polar phases in multiferroic delafossite CuFeO$$_{2}$$

Terada, Noriki*; Khalyavin, D. D.*; Manuel, P.*; Osakabe, Toyotaka; Radaelli, P. G.*; Kitazawa, Hideaki*

Physical Review B, 89(22), p.220403_1 - 220403_6, 2014/06

AA2014-0251.pdf:1.02MB

 Times Cited Count:29 Percentile:74.87(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

We have studied the pressure effect on the magnetic orderings in the strongly frustrated antiferromagnet CuFeO$$_{2}$$, by using neutron diffraction experiments under hydrostatic pressure. The main result is elucidation of the pressure-temperature magnetic phase diagram, consisting of the fourmagnetic phases including two polar ones. In particular, in the 3 GPa $$<$$ P $$<$$ 4 GPa pressure range, the ICM2 phase with the proper screw magnetic ordering stabilized. This polar phase is almost identical to the ferroelectric incommensurate (FEIC) phase induced by either a magnetic field or chemical doping. Furthermore, above 4 GPa, a new low-symmetry phase ICM3 is realized. This is unique for the family of delafossite multiferroics and implies an admixture of both cycloidal and proper screw spin configurations. The sequence of the observed magnetic phases with changing pressure might be attributed to pressure suppression of the monoclinic lattice distortions responsible for releasing the spin frustration in the system.

Journal Articles

Enhancement of LIBS emission using antenna-coupled microwave

Khumaeni, A.; Tampo, Motonobu; Akaoka, Katsuaki; Miyabe, Masabumi; Wakaida, Ikuo

Optics Express (Internet), 21(24), p.29755 - 29768, 2013/12

 Times Cited Count:46 Percentile:91.22(Optics)

Intensified microwave coupled by a loop antenna (diameter of 3 mm) has been employed to enhance the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) emission. In this method, a laser plasma was induced on Gd$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ sample at a reduced pressure by focusing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 10 ns, 5 mJ) at a local point, at which electromagnetic field was produced by introducing microwave radiation using loop antenna. The plasma emission was significantly enhanced by absorbing the microwave radiation, resulting in high-temperature plasma and long-lifetime plasma emission. By using this method, the enhancement of Gd lines was up to 32 times, depending upon the emission lines observed. A linear calibration curve of Ca contained in the Gd$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ sample was made. The detection limit of Ca was approximately 2 mg/kg. This present method is very useful for identification of trace elements in nuclear fuel and radioactive materials.

Journal Articles

Absorption spectroscopy of uranium plasma for remote isotope analysis of next-generation nuclear fuel

Miyabe, Masabumi; Oba, Masaki; Iimura, Hideki; Akaoka, Katsuaki; Maruyama, Yoichiro; Oba, Hironori; Tampo, Motonobu; Wakaida, Ikuo

Applied Physics A, 112(1), p.87 - 92, 2013/07

 Times Cited Count:27 Percentile:74.56(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

A uranium oxide sample was ablated by 2nd harmonic radiation from a Nd:YAG laser at a fluence of 0.5 J/cm$$^{2}$$. The temporal evolution of the ablation plume was investigated in vacuum and helium environments. In vacuum, the flow velocity perpendicular to the sample surface was determined to be 2.7 km/s for neutral atoms and 4.0 km/s for singly charged atoms. From the evolution of the plume in helium we found that an observation time of 3-5 $$mu$$s and an observation height of about 2.5 mm are most suited for obtaining higher sensitivity. Observation times less than 3 $$mu$$s were unsuitable for precise isotope analysis since the spectral modifications arising from the Doppler splitting effect are different between the two uranium isotopes. Using the established conditions, we evaluated the calibration curve linearity, limit of detection, and precision for three samples having different abundances of $$^{235}$$U.

273 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)