Heterogeneous aggregation of humic acids studied by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering

斉藤 拓巳*; 元川 竜平; 大窪 貴洋*; 三浦 大輔*; 熊田 高之

Environmental Science & Technology, 57(26), p.9802 - 9810, 2023/07

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c02028

Aggregation of humic acids (HAs) were studied by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering techniques. The combination of these techniques enables us to examine aggregation structures of heterogeneous HA particles. Two HAs with distinctive compositions were examined; a commercial HA (PAHA) and a HA extracted from deep sedimentary groundwater (HHA). While macroscopic coagulation tests showed that these HAs were stable in solutions except for HHA at pH 6, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed that they formed aggregates with the sizes exceeding sub-micrometer length scale. The SAXS curves of PAHA remarkably varied with pD, whereas the SANS curves did not. With the help of theoretical fittings, it was revealed that PAHA aggregates consisted of two domains: poorly hydrated cores and well-hydrated proton-rich shells. The cores are (dis)aggregated with pD inside the aggregates of the shell. The SANS and SAXS curves of HHA resemble each other, and their intensities at low q increased with a decrease of pD, indicating the formation of homogeneous aggregates. This study revealed that distinctive aggregation behaviors exist in humic substances with heterogeneous structures like PAHA, which is invaluable for their roles in the fate of contaminants or nutrients in aqueous environments.

Speciation on the reaction of uranium and zirconium oxides treated under oxidizing and reducing atmospheres

上原 章寛*; 秋山 大輔*; 池田 篤史; 沼子 千弥*; 寺田 靖子*; 新田 清文*; 伊奈 稔哲*; 武田 志乃*; 桐島 陽*; 佐藤 修彰*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 559, p.153422_1 - 153422_11, 2022/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153422

The reaction products were analysed by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements of the U L- and Zr K-edges. Under an oxidizing atmosphere, the formation of UO and UZrO was observed in equilibrium with UO, monoclinic-ZrO, and tetragonal-ZrO. However, when O gas was purged through the reaction tube during the cooling process to room temperature, pentavalent U in ZrUO was produced by the oxidation of solid solution UO formed at 1774 K during the temperature dropped at 1473 K. Under the inert atmosphere, mixed oxides of uranium were found to form at 1673 K due to a low concentration of O impurity with the Ar gas. This study can pave the way for understanding the interaction between the nuclear fuels and the cladding materials in damaged reactors enabling further simulation of possible decontamination procedures.

Correlated Li-ion migration in the superionic conductor LiGePS

矢島 健*; 日沼 洋陽*; 堀 智*; 岩崎 類*; 菅野 了次*; 大原 高志; 中尾 朗子*; 宗像 孝司*; 廣井 善二*

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 9(18), p.11278 - 11284, 2021/05

https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA00552A

Herein, we studied the crystalline compound LiGePS with the largest Li-ion conductivity thus far via a novel route based on a combination of single-crystal neutron diffraction experiments at low temperature and first-principles calculations, and found that a correlated migration of the densely packed Li ions governs the overall Li-ion conduction. The correlated migration mechanism provides us with guidelines on how to design efficient superionic conductors for more efficient batteries.

微量放射性物質の測定前処理用固相抽出カートリッジの作製

浅井 志保; 斎藤 恭一*

Biomedical Research on Trace Elements, 28(1), p.1 - 10, 2017/04

放射性物質の定量分析には、一般に、放射線計測器あるいは質量分析計が用いられる。放射性物質のうち、透過力の強い線放出核種は、非破壊測定が可能であり、化学分離などの前処理なしで測定できる。一方、アルファ線およびベータ線放出核種では、共存する放射性物質が放出するアルファ線やベータ線によって干渉を受けるため、測定前に化学分離によってそれらを除去する。また、質量分析においても、試料中に同重体やその他の干渉元素が共存する場合は、化学分離によって除去してから測定する。しかしながら、こうした化学分離操作は、しばしば煩雑で長時間を要するため、迅速かつ確実に化学分離できる分離材料が求められている。本稿では、放射性物質の測定前処理の迅速化を目的として作製した固相抽出カートリッジについて、その基本分離性能と適用例を紹介する。

Preparation of microvolume anion-exchange cartridge for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-based determination of Np content in spent nuclear fuel

浅井 志保; 半澤 有希子; 今田 未来; 鈴木 大輔; 間柄 正明; 木村 貴海; 石原 量*; 斎藤 恭一*; 山田 伸介*; 廣田 英幸*

Analytical Chemistry, 88(6), p.3149 - 3155, 2016/03

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04330

Npは主要な長寿命核種の1つであり、高レベル放射性廃棄物の処分場における長期的な安全性を評価するためにはNpの存在量を定量する必要がある。本研究ではNpのICP-MSによる測定に必要なAm/Np分離を目的として、小型の陰イオン交換ディスクカートリッジを作製した。多孔性のシートの細孔表面に、陰イオン交換性分子であるトリエチレンジアミン(TEDA)を導入した高分子鎖を密に付与し、0.08cmのディスク状にカットして、分離用カートリッジとした(TEDAカートリッジ)。得られたカートリッジの性能を評価するため、使用済燃料中のNp分析に適用したところ、Npの回収率は90.4%となりNpのICP-MS測定に十分な値となった。また、市販の陰イオン交換樹脂カラムと性能を比較した結果、TEDAカートリッジの使用によってNpの分離に必要な全工程が約1/4に短縮できることがわかった。

Synthesis of radiohalogen-labeled peptide with high affinity to HER2/neu receptor

佐々木 一郎; 山田 圭一*; 渡辺 茂樹; 花岡 宏史*; 須郷 由美; 奥 浩之*; 石岡 典子

JAEA-Review 2013-059, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2012, P. 96, 2014/03

https://jopss.jaea.go.jp/pdfdata/JAEA-Review-2013-059.pdf

Radioisotope (RI)-labeled peptide with high affinity to receptors overexpressing on the surface of tumor cells are promising for applications in nuclear medicine such as diagnostic radiography and radiotherapy. MARSGL (H-Met-Ala-Arg-Ser-Gly-Leu-OH), a linear peptide consisting of six amino acids, has high affinity to HER2/neu receptor overexpressing in various cancer cells. Radiohalogens (radionuclides) such as radioiodine and radiobromine are versatile for clinical imaging and therapeutic applications. Thus, radiohalogenated MARSGL may have potential for clinical applications to HER2 overexpressing tumors. In this study, in order to achieve the labeling of radiohalogen for MARSGL, we design a radioiodinated peptide, F(-I)MARSGL, in which phenylalanine labeled with I (t = 8.0 d) at the position of the aromatic ring is introduced into the N-terminal of MARSGL and report a new technique to prepare radiohalogen of peptide via electrophilic destanylation.

Determination of mole percentages of brush and root of polymer chain grafted onto porous sheet

内山 翔一郎*; 石原 量*; 梅野 太輔*; 斎藤 恭一*; 山田 伸介*; 廣田 英幸*; 浅井 志保

Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 46(6), p.414 - 419, 2013/06

https://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.12we274

Radiation-induced graft polymerization has been applied to the commercial production of functional materials, e.g., absorber of basic gases and ion-exchanger of proteins. However, to date, the graft chain has not been satisfactorily characterized because of the difficulty in isolating the graft chain from the trunk polymer. In this study, a simple method is used to determine the mole percentages of the polymer brush and root of the epoxy-group-containing graft chain, on the basis of the differences in swelling induced by the sequential introduction of ion-exchange groups into a hydrophobic graft chain with a reagent dissolved in water as the solvent. The proposed method enables us to scientifically depict an image of the polymer chain grafted onto the porous polymer and helps us to design porous polymers.

Crosslinked-chelating porous sheet with high dynamic binding capacity of metal ions

和田 剛*; 石原 量*; 三好 和義*; 梅野 太輔*; 斎藤 恭一*; 浅井 志保; 山田 伸介*; 廣田 英幸*

Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 31(2), p.210 - 220, 2013/02

https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2012.735555

金属イオンを迅速に濃縮又は精製するためには、優れた動的吸着容量を有する分離材料を用いるのが効果的である。本研究では、エチレングリコールジメタクリレートとグリシジルメタクリレートの共重合反応によって、透水性・加工性に優れたシート状多孔性高分子の細孔表面にキレート形成基を有する架橋型高分子鎖を付与し、新規な吸着体を作製した。得られた多孔性高分子吸着体は、銅イオンに対して、十分な平衡吸着容量を保持しつつも優れた動的吸着容量を実現した。これは、架橋された高分子鎖によって、銅イオンの高分子鎖相内における吸着体厚み方向への拡散速度が抑制されたためであり、高分子鎖の架橋が効果的に作用したことを示している。

Dependence of lanthanide-ion binding performance on HDEHP concentration in HDEHP impregnation to porous sheet

石原 量*; 浅井 志保; 乙坂 重嘉; 山田 伸介*; 廣田 英幸*; 三好 和義*; 梅野 太輔*; 斎藤 恭一*

Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 30(2), p.171 - 180, 2012/02

https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2011.609382

Permeative flow through pores of porous membranes enhances the mass transfer of target ions. When polymer chains containing functional groups are appended to the pore surface of porous membranes, a high-speed collection of target ions is achieved. In this study, an octadecylamino-group-introduced polymer chain grafted onto a porous sheet was impregnated with bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (HDEHP). The porous sheet into which a CHNH group was introduced was immersed in HDEHP/ethanol solution. The liquid permeability of a cartridge charged with the HDEHP-impregnated porous sheet in disk form was 96% that of the starting-porous-disk-packed cartridge. The equilibrium binding capacity was 0.32 mol per kg of the disk. The HDEHP-impregnated porous sheet was found to be applicable to the preconcentration of trace amounts of lanthanides prior to their measurement by ICP-MS.

Removal of cesium using cobalt-ferrocyanide-impregnated polymer-chain-grafted fibers

石原 量*; 藤原 邦夫*; 原山 貴登*; 岡村 雄介*; 内山 翔一朗*; 杉山 まい*; 染谷 孝明*; 天海 亘*; 海野 理*; 小野 翼*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 48(10), p.1281 - 1284, 2011/10

AA2011-0190.pdf:0.45MB

https://doi.org/10.3327/jnst.48.1281

Zeolites combined with insoluble metal ferrocyanides are known as adsorbents capable of specifically capturing cesium ions and attract much attention, due to its easy operation at sites for processing water contaminated with radioisotopes. To achieve more effective adsorption, we prepared a novel M-FC-impregnated fiber by radiation-induced graft polymerization and subsequent chemical modifications. Cobalt ions were bound to a sodium styrene sulfonate-grafted 6-nylon fiber via an ion-exchange interaction. Subsequently, the bound cobalt ions were reacted with potassium ferrocyanide to form insoluble or sparingly soluble cobalt-ferrocyanide (Co-FC). The resultant Co-FC-impregnated fiber with a Co-FC content of 7.3% exhibited a high affinity to cesium ions in the presence of NaCl. Such fibers can be fabricated into various fiber modules suitable for the removal of radioisotopes at sites.