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山田 裕久*; 横山 信吾*; 渡辺 雄二郎*; 森本 和也*; 鈴木 伸一; 矢板 毅; 八田 珠郎*
no journal, ,
As the result of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the natural environment, especially soil, was widely contaminated with radioactive Cs. Phyllosilicates play the important roles for the remediation of the contaminated soil. Several phyllosilicates were prepared at hydrothermal conditions of 300 - 800 
C and 100 MPa, which were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The selected products were investigated for Cs adsorption behavior by changing the initial concentration of Cs in a solution. The results indicated that the formation of trioctahedtral phyllosilicates were clearly dependent on synthetic temperature and chemical composition. Above 500 C, the high crystalline saponite, which layer charge was up to 1.2, was obtained. Vermiculite with high-crystallinity was also formed above 500 C, which layer charge was up to 2. The high Cs adsorption ability of synthetic saponite and vermiculite was confirmed in distilled water. The relationship between the Cs adsorption ratio and the initial Cs concentration in the solution clearly indicated that Cs adsorption behavior was well correlated with the amount of layer charge in smectite and vermiculite. Results confirm that phyllosilicates with high layer charge should be important for Fukushima-problem.
高木 健太郎*; Liang, N.*; Aguilos, M.*; Rythi, K.*; 寺本 宗正*; 小林 真*; Sun, L.*; 近藤 俊明*; 小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子
no journal, ,
We conducted a soil warming experiment in a cool-temperate forested peatland in northern Japan during snow-free seasons of 2007-2017, to determine the soil warming effect on the heterotrophic respiration rate. Soil CO
efflux was measured with a 15-channel automated chamber system, which was divided into three groups each with five replications for the control (unwarmed-not trenched), unwarmed-trenched, and warmed-trenched treatments. Soil warming increased the heterotrophic respiration rate having a increasing trend in the annual mean enhancement ratio. These annul mean enhancement ratio was linearly correlated with the current year's litterfall supply, which shows that the litterfall is quickly decomposed as the labile substrate for respiration and the amount becomes a limiting factor for the enhancement. The warming also sustained enhancement of the temperature sensitivity, Q
, and the basal respiration at 10C, R, during the decadal experiment. Accordingly, warming enhanced not only the heterotrophic respiration rate itself but also its Q and R in forests with high substrate availability in the soil, without acclimation by continuous warming.
小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子; 高木 健太郎*; 近藤 俊明*; 寺本 宗正*; 永野 博彦; 國分 陽子; 高木 正博*; 石田 祐宣*; 平舘 俊太郎*; et al.
no journal, ,
温暖化により土壌有機物の分解が促進され、土壌からの炭素放出量が増大することで、温暖化がさらに加速する可能性がある。本研究では、長期にわたって温暖化操作実験を行っている日本の5つの森林において、土壌有機物の量と質(炭素及び窒素含有量や安定・放射性炭素同位体組成等)を温暖化処理区と非処理区で比較することで、温暖化が土壌有機物に与える影響を調査した。結果として、10年以上温暖化操作を行っている森林においても、温暖化処理区と非処理区の間に土壌有機物の量及び質の大きな違いは見られなかった。日本の土壌において報告されている温暖化効果の長期持続の一因が、その豊富な有機物蓄積量にあることが示唆された。
安藤 麻里子; 小嵐 淳; 高木 健太郎*; 近藤 俊明*; 寺本 宗正*; 永野 博彦; 國分 陽子; 高木 正博*; 石田 祐宣*; Liang, N.*
no journal, ,
森林の土壌有機物に含まれる炭素及び窒素の安定同位体比は深度とともに上昇することが知られている。安定同位体比の分布には様々な要因が関与するものの、その変動は有機物の生成・分解における同位体効果によって起きることから、安定同位体比の鉛直分布の違いは土壌有機物の蓄積・分解状況の違いを反映していると考えられる。本研究では、温暖化操作実験を実施している北海道から九州の5つの森林を対象として、深度別に土壌を採取して比重分画を行い、炭素・窒素濃度及び安定同位体比を測定することで、気候や植生の異なる森林間及び温暖化と対照区間での土壌有機物の蓄積状況の違いを調査した。結果より、九州サイトの土壌が比較的若く分解の進んだ有機物で構成されているのに対し、北海道の泥炭土壌サイトでは分解の進んでいない有機物が表層に長期間堆積していることが示され、サイト間での特徴を明らかにすることができた。また、温暖化区と対照区で同位体分布に大きな変化はなく、日本の森林の豊富な有機物蓄積により、10年程度の温暖化操作では土壌有機物の質の変化は見られないことが明らかになった。
Liang, N.*; Zhang, Y.*; Chiang, P.-N.*; Lai, D.*; 寺本 宗正*; 高木 健太郎*; 近藤 俊明*; 小嵐 淳; Wang, Y.*; Li, S.*; et al.
no journal, ,
Asian terrestrial ecosystems occupy vast areas from tropical forests and wetlands in Southeast Asia to boreal ecosystems in northeastern Asia, and as well as alpine ecosystems on the Tibet Plateau. These ecosystems play important roles in regional and global carbon sink and global warming mitigation. Accurately quantifying CO/CH
balances is critical for setting targets for their emission reductions and to identify and promote effective mitigation strategies. Since the mid-1990s, we have been developing an automated chamber network that covers the boreal ecosystems in Siberian and Alaska, temperate forests and grassland in East Asia, wetlands and permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau, and subtropical and tropical forests and wetlands in Southeast Asia, for continuous measurements of CO/CH budget as well as net ecosystem production. Among the sites, ten forests are using for conducting soil warming experiments. This talk will present long-term CO/CH fluxes and their response and feedback to climate change.
寺本 宗正*; Liang, N.*; 高木 健太郎*; 近藤 俊明*; 近藤 俊明*; 小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子; 高木 正博*; 石田 祐宣*; 楢本 正明*; et al.
no journal, ,
Soil respiration (Rs) consists of root respiration and heterotrophic respiration (Rh, decomposition of soil organic carbon by soil microbiota). Rh contributes to more than the half of Rs. Because Rh exponentially increases with temperature, it is concerned that increased Rh under future warmer environment might be further accelerate global warming (positive feedback). Therefore, long-term response of Rh to global warming is one of the most important elements for precise prediction for future climate change. Soil warming experiment in field is one of the effective methods to examine the long-term response of Rh against global warming. However, such long-term monitoring data under warmed environment is totally limited, especially in Asian monsoon region. To examine long-term response of Rh in Asian monsoon forest soil, we installed the same multi-channel automated chamber measurement system in typical forests in Asian monsoon region, and we conducted several years of soil warming experiments. In this presentation, we show the long-term response of Rh against artificial soil warming and control factors for the seasonal and inter-annual variation of the warming effect on Rh in those several forest ecosystems.