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中村 進一*; 近藤 ひかり*; 鈴井 伸郎; 尹 永根; 石井 里美; 河地 有木; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 藤巻 秀
Molecular Physiology and Ecophysiology of Sulfur, p.253 - 259, 2015/00
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：71.1(Plant Sciences)Glutathione is a sulfur-containing peptide involved in various aspects of plant metabolism. Glutathione is also known to have effects on heavy metal responses in plants. In our previous work, we have found glutathione, applied to roots site- specifically, inhibited cadmium (Cd) translocation from roots to shoots and Cd accumulation in shoots in oilseed rape plants. In addition, we succeeded in visualizing inhibition of root-to-shoot translocation of Cd by using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). In this work, the effects of glutathione concentration in the root zone (hydroponic solution) and the glutathione treatment period on Cd partitioning in oilseed rape plants were investigated. Our experimental results demonstrated that glutathione, exceeding a certain concentration in the root zone, is needed to trigger inhibition of Cd translocation, and that treatment time from the start of glutathione application had different effects on Cd partitioning in oilseed rape plants.
中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 長坂 俊紀*; 小松 史弥*; 石岡 典子; 伊藤 小百合*; 河地 有木; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; et al.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(4), p.1073 - 1081, 2013/02
被引用回数：57 パーセンタイル：87.4(Plant Sciences)This study investigated the effects of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) applied to specific organs (source leaves, sink leaves, and roots) on cadmium (Cd) distribution and behaviour in the roots of oilseed rape plants (
) cultured hydroponically. The translocation ratio of Cd from roots to shoots was significantly lower in plants that had root treatment of GSH than in control plants. GSH applied to roots reduced the Cd concentration in the symplast sap of root cells and inhibited root-to-shoot Cd translocation via xylem vessels significantly. GSH applied to roots also activated Cd efflux from root cells to the hydroponic solution. Inhibition of root-to-shoot translocation of Cd was visualized, and the activation of Cd efflux from root cells was also shown by using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). This study investigated a similar inhibitory effect on root-to-shoot translocation of Cd by the oxidized form of glutathione, GSSG. Inhibition of Cd accumulation by GSH was abolished by a low-temperature treatment. Root cells of plants exposed to GSH in the root zone had less Cd available for xylem loading by actively excluding Cd from the roots. Consequently, root-to-shoot translocation of Cd was suppressed and Cd accumulation in the shoot decreased.
尹 永根; 鈴井 伸郎; 河地 有木; 山口 充孝; 田野井 慶太朗*; 石井 里美; 中西 友子*; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*; 渡部 浩司*; et al.
放射線と産業, (133), p.45 - 48, 2012/12
東京電力福島第一原子力発電所事故から飛散した放射性セシウム(Cs-134, Cs-137)による農地の汚染が深刻な問題となっている。生産者, 消費者双方からの極めて強い関心に伴い、土壌や肥料, 農産物などの放射性セシウムの計測や、農作物における放射性セシウムの追跡と、その動態解明といった研究の取り組みが必要である。そこで本稿では、(1)タリウムヨウ化ナトリウムシンチレーションスペクトロメーター(NaI(Tl) spectrometer)を利用した試料中のCs-134及びCs-137の弁別と定量分析の手法の開発や、(2)Cs-137のイメージングが可能なガンマカメラの開発について、われわれが取り組んできた研究やその成果の内容を紹介する。
尹 永根; 鈴井 伸郎; 山口 充孝; 河地 有木; 田野井 慶太朗*; 中西 友子*; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*; 藤巻 秀
日本土壌肥料学雑誌, 83(3), p.296 - 300, 2012/06
東京電力福島第一原子力発電所事故から飛散した放射性セシウム(Cs-134, Cs-137)に対し、迅速かつ信頼性の高い定量分析が必要とされている。現在普及しつつあるNaI(Tl)スペクトロメーターは、安価で可搬性に優れ、取り扱いが容易であるが、エネルギー分解能が低く、Cs-134, Cs-137に由来する測定ピークが重なり合ってしまうため、両核種を区別して定量することが困難である。そこで本研究では、NaI(Tl)スペクトロメーターの計測から得られたスペクトルデータをもとに、Cs-134及びCs-137を弁別して定量する手法の確立を試みた。その結果、Cs-134には730keVから850keVまでのピーク面積を、Cs-137には662keVから720keVまでの面積を求め、さらにこれらにベースラインを設定してその下の面積を除いた値を用いると、定量性のよい放射能の算出ができることを見いだした。また、汚染土壌などの環境試料を市販の手芸用軽量樹脂粘土と均一に混合することにより、簡単に希釈系列を作成でき、検量線用試料として利用できることを見いだした。
Cd absorption and accumulation between transgenic tobacco plants and control plants中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石井 里美; 河地 有木; 石岡 典子; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2011-043, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2010, P. 96, 2012/01
Phytoremediation is one of good technique to recover Cd from contaminated soils. To make this technique more effective, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of Cd dynamics and control them. It is known that Cd movement in the plant body is similar to zinc (Zn) movement. However, these mechanisms are not fully understood so far. In this work, we compared Cd absorption and accumulation between control tobacco plants and transgenic tobacco plants, which were transform with zinc transporter genes, by using positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS) and Cd. We succeeded to obtain fine serial images of Cd absorption and accumulation in tobacco plants, but there was no difference in Cd absorption and accumulation between transgenic tobacco plants and control plants. In previous experiments using non-radioactive Cd, Cd content in transgenic plants was 1.2 times higher than that in control plants. However, the PEITIS results indicated that such differences were not identified clearly in serial images obtained by PETIS experiments. Because PETIS experiments were performed in low Cd condition (0.1 
M), we supposed that Cd concentration might have a significant impact on these results.
Cd accumulation in oilseed rape plants treated with glutathione中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 伊藤 小百合*; 河地 有木; 石岡 典子; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2010-065, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2009, P. 104, 2011/01
Glutathione (GSH) is involved in many aspects of metabolism. In our previous work, GSH concentration in the phloem sap collected from oilseed rape plants increased by Cd treatment. These results suggested that GSH might be playing important roles in controlling Cd long-distance transport and accumulation in plants. In this work, we investigated effects of GSH to Cd long-distance transport and accumulation by using positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). After setting two week old oilseed rape plants in the chamber, PETIS experiments were started by adding purified Cd in the nutrient solutions which were including GSH. As a result, we succeeded to obtain images of Cd accumulation in these plants. Cd signals were observed in the shoot and root of oilseed rape plants. In the shoot, Cd accumulation was inhibited by GSH treatment. However, we could not see any difference in the Cd accumulation in the root of oilseed rape plants. Further research enables us to understand effects of GSH on Cd long-distance transport and accumulation.
藤巻 秀; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*
Plant Physiology, 152(4), p.1796 - 1806, 2010/02
被引用回数：200 パーセンタイル：98.11(Plant Sciences)We characterized the absorption and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in rice using serial images observed with a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). We fed a positron-emitting Cd tracer to the hydroponic culture. The absorption rates by the root were proportional to Cd concentrations in the culture within the tested range below 100 nM. It was estimated that the radial transport from the culture to the xylem in the root tissue was completed in less than 10 min. Cd moved up through the shoot with velocities of a few centimeters per hour, which was obviously slower than the bulk flow in the xylem. Cd reached the panicles 7 h after feeding and accumulated there constantly. The nodes exhibited the most intensive Cd accumulation in the shoot and Cd transport from the basal nodes to crown root was observed. We concluded that the nodes are the central organ where xylem-to-phloem transfer occurs and play a pivotal role in the half-day travel of Cd from the soil to the grains.
鈴井 伸郎; 中村 進一*; 伊藤 小百合; 河地 有木; 石岡 典子; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2009-041, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2008, P. 102, 2009/12
We have developed a monitoring system of Cd radioactivity in tracer solution using Positron Multi-Probe System (PMPS) that enables the noninvasive measurement of the amounts of Cd uptake by an intact plant. Two-week old oilseed rape plant ( L.) was placed into a plastic cylindrical container containing 30 ml of 0.5 mM CaCl
solution with approximately 10 MBq of Cd. The cylindrical container was divided by nylon mesh into two compartments, the root of the plant was immersed in the upper compartment, and a pair of PMPS detectors was placed outside the bottom compartment. As a result, we successfully obtained the continuous data of the amount of a radioactive tracer taken up by the intact plant for 36 hours.
Cd translocation in Tobacco plants中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2009-041, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2008, P. 103, 2009/12
Tabacco plant is one of model plants which enable us to manipulate its gene expression, it is expected to create crop plants with low Cd content in the future. In this study, we visualized Cd dynamics in tobacco plant. Tobacco plants (
) were grown hydroponically in a growth chamber where the growth conditions of plants were controlled completely for two weeks after sowing. After setting plants in the chamber, PETIS experiments were started by adding purified Cd in nutrient solutions. Time-series images of the Cd distribution were obtained with the PETIS apparatus. Each image was obtained every four minute for 36 hours. We succeeded to obtain fine serial images of Cd transport and accumulation in tobacco plants. Strong Cd signals were observed in the roots of tobacco plants. We also could see strong signals of Cd in the stems. In leaves, Cd signals were distributed thoroughly. The pattern of Cd signal distribution in the tobacco plants was similar to that in oilseed plants). These results demonstrated that dicotyledonous plants had the similar pattern of Cd distribution when plants were treated at low concentration of Cd.
鈴井 伸郎; 石井 里美; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 中村 進一*; 石岡 典子; 藤巻 秀
Proceedings of 16th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium (IPNC-16) (Internet), P. 1214, 2009/04
We developed analytical methods for monitoring carbon translocation and nitrogen fixation in intact plants using short-lived radioactive tracer gases and the positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). In the analysis of carbon translocation, we fed 
C (half life: 20.4 min)-labeled radioactive carbon dioxide gas to leave blades of rice plants, and serial images of C-photoassimilate were obtained non-invasively using PETIS. In order to understand source-sink relations, we manipulated source and sink strength by treating tested rice plants with p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (PCMBS), an inhibitor of sucrose transporters. As a result, a decrease in the velocity after the manipulation was successfully detected. In the analysis of nitrogen fixation, we newly developed a rapid method to produce and purify 
N (half life: 10.0 min)-labeled radioactive nitrogen gas and fed the gas to the underground part of nodulated soybean plants. As a result, obvious signal of N was observed at the nodules.
藤巻 秀; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*
Proceedings of 16th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium (IPNC-16) (Internet), 1 Pages, 2009/04
カドミウム107トレーサの製造法を開発し、ポジトロンイメージングを用いて、栄養成長期及び生殖成長期のイネにおけるカドミウムの輸送動態を定量的に解析した。その結果、土壌から玄米に至る過程において導管から篩管への乗り換えが重要なステップであり、それが節で行われていることを推定した。
中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
Proceedings of 16th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium (IPNC-16) (Internet), p.1181_1 - 1181_2, 2009/04
Reduction of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in farm products has become more and more important in order to produce them in a safe and sustainable manner. It is necessary to elucidate mechanisms of Cd distribution in plants. However, these mechanisms are not fully understood. The purpose of our work is to clarify these mechanisms by visualizing Cd absorption, transport and accumulation non-invasively using positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). Cd (half-life: 6.5 hr) was used as a positron-emitting tracer in the PETIS experiments. We succeeded to obtain serial images of cadmium distribution in oilseed rape plants (
L.). Strong Cd signals were observed in the basal region of the shoot. We also could see strong signals in the node of oilseed rape plants. Cd distribution in oilseed rape plants will be discussed quantitatively using the results from PETIS experiments.
Cd translocation in oilseed rape plants treated with different Cd concentrations鈴井 伸郎; 藤巻 秀; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 松橋 信平; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*
JAEA-Review 2008-055, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2007, P. 112, 2008/11
Cadmium (Cd) is one of toxic heavy metal element. In order to decrease Cd accumulation in these products, it is necessary to elucidate mechanisms of Cd long-distance transport in the plant body. In this research, we tried to elucidate mechanisms of Cd long-distance transport by visualizing Cd transport in the plant body using positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS) and Cd. Oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus L.) were grown hydroponically for two weeks after sowing. In this PETIS experiment, different concentrations of Cd (0.1 M and 10 M) were added as a carrier to hydroponic solutions. 0.1 M is comparable to the Cd concentration in the soil solution from non Cd-polluted soils. 10 M is comparable to the toxic Cd concentration for oilseed rape plants. As a result, the pattern of Cd accumulation in the oilseed rape plants was similar in the different Cd concentrations (0.1 M and 10 M). These results indicate that in early stages, Cd concentration in the hydroponic solution do not have effects on Cd absorption in the root systems.
中村 進一*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 松橋 信平
放射線と産業, (117), p.9 - 14, 2008/03
食の安全を脅かす要因の一つに、人体にとって有害な物質であるカドミウムの農作物への蓄積がある。農作物へのカドミウムの蓄積を抑制するためには、高等植物におけるカドミウムの長距離輸送機構を解明し、それらを制御する必要がある。しかし、これまでの研究では植物におけるカドミウムの長距離輸送のメカニズムは十分に明らかになっていない。そこでわれわれは、プラナー型ポジトロン放出核種画像化システム(PETIS)を用いて、高等植物におけるカドミウムの吸収・移行・蓄積の動態を画像化し、それらを解析することにより、その機構の解明を目指した。本稿では本研究における近年の成果について報告する。
鈴井 伸郎; 河地 有木; 石井 里美; 中村 進一*; 松橋 信平; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2007-060, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2006, P. 121, 2008/03
In this study, we estimated a phloem flow under Cd stress using the positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS), quantitatively and non-invasively. In an experiment, CO was supplied to leaves of rice plants and the translocations of C-photoassimilates were monitored. We performed 6 sets of PETIS experiments using 5
6 different rice plants treated with 0, 1, 10, 100 M of Cd. The arrival times of C-photoassimilates to the basal region of each plant were analyzed. Phloem flow velocities were also estimated using the C-arrival time and the distance from the bottom of gas-cell to the basal region. Arrival time of 100 M Cd-treated plants was significantly different from that of control and 10 M Cd-treated plants (p 
0.05). This result indicates that Cd exposure to the root for 1 day causes the decrease of phloem flow velocity in rice plant.
中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 茅野 充男*; 松橋 信平; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2007-060, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2006, P. 123, 2008/03
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal element. In order to decrease the cadmium content in the farm products, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of transport of Cd in the plant body. In this research, we visualized Cd transport in the plant body by using Positron Emitting Tracer Imaging System (PETIS) and Cd. We tried to elucidate the mechanism of Cd transport in the whole plants by analyzing the experimental data which is obtained by PETIS. We could observe that Cd signals arrive in the aerial parts of both plants in a few hours after the start of the experiment. Patterns of accumulation of Cd signals in sorghum plants were similar to those in rice plants. Strong signals of Cd were seen in the basal region of the shoot, which consists of a short stem, nodes and meristems. Interestingly, Cd also accumulated in the node strongly in oilseed rape plants although these two plants have different structure as a monocot and a dicot.
藤巻 秀; 中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 茅野 充男*; 松橋 信平
JAEA-Review 2006-042, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2005, P. 127, 2007/02
イネ,ソルガムなどを供試植物とし、生きた植物体におけるカドミウムの吸収・移行・蓄積の様子をPositron Emitting Tracer Imaging System(PETIS)を用いて非侵襲的・経時的・定量的に画像化する技術を確立した。
藤巻 秀; 中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 茅野 充男*; 松橋 信平
no journal, ,
Positron Emitting Tracer Imaging System(PETIS) は、植物個体に与えたポジトロン放出核種の体内分布を非破壊的かつ経時的に観測できる装置である。最大の特長は、オートラジオグラフィーなどの手法と異なり動画像データが得られる点にある。これにより植物における物質輸送の動態を視覚的に理解することが容易になり、近年、さまざまな研究に利用されている。本研究では、土壌及び食糧の汚染が問題となっているカドミウムに着眼し、植物体内における吸収・輸送・蓄積の挙動を可視化することを試みた。ポジトロン放出トレーサとして107Cd(半減期6.5 時間)をイオンビーム照射及び化学分離によって調製し、供試した。播種後45週のイネ、播種後24週のアブラナを供試し、水耕液からトレーサを経根吸収させつつ、根の基部から地上部にかけて1137時間イメージングを行った。その結果、生きた植物体内のカドミウム移行の様子を動画像として得ることに初めて成功した。また同時に、根、葉鞘(イネ)、茎・節・葉柄・葉身(アブラナ)といった部位別にトレーサ量の経時変化グラフ(time-activity curve)を得た。各部位におけるカドミウムの輸送と蓄積の挙動を理解するために、これらのグラフをもとに動態解析を試みたので、これについても報告する。
藤巻 秀; 中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 茅野 充男*; 松橋 信平
no journal, ,
カドミウムによる土壌及び食糧の汚染は世界的な問題であり、特に我が国では米のカドミウム汚染が重大な問題となっている。本研究では、ポジトロン放出カドミウム核種を用いたリアルタイムイメージングによって、カドミウムの経根吸収及び植物体中の輸送の様子を可視化することを試みた。その結果、intactなイネ及びアブラナ個体におけるカドミウム輸送を動画像として撮像することに世界で初めて成功した。
藤巻 秀; 中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 茅野 充男*; 松橋 信平
no journal, ,
カドミウムによる土壌及び食糧の汚染は世界的な問題であり、特に我が国では米のカドミウム汚染が重大な問題となっている。本研究では、ポジトロン放出カドミウム核種を用いたリアルタイムイメージングによって、カドミウムの経根吸収及び植物体中の輸送の様子を可視化することを試みた。その結果、intactなイネ及びアブラナ個体におけるカドミウム輸送を動画像として撮像することに世界で初めて成功した。
