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JAEA Reports

Database for corrosion under irradiation conditions (Contract research)

Sato, Tomonori; Hata, Kuniki; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Ueno, Fumiyoshi; Inoue, Hiroyuki*; Taguchi, Mitsumasa*; Seito, Hajime*; Tada, Eiji*; Abe, Hiroshi*; Akiyama, Eiji*; et al.

JAEA-Review 2021-001, 123 Pages, 2021/06

JAEA-Review-2021-001.pdf:10.33MB

In the implement of the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), there are many problems to be solved. Specially, the mitigation of the aging degradation by the corrosion of the structural materials is important to implement the decommissioning safely and continuously. However, there are limited data for the environmental factors of corrosion in 1F, and the condition of 1F is continuously changing. So, the literature data for the water radiolysis and the corrosion under irradiation are listed as the database of corrosion under irradiation in this report. And the new obtained radiolysis and corrosion data, which have not been reported in the literature and will be required in the decommissioning of 1F, are reported.

JAEA Reports

Annual report for FY2019 on the activities of Department of Decommissioning and Waste Management (April 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020)

Department of Decommissioning and Waste Management

JAEA-Review 2021-002, 105 Pages, 2021/05

JAEA-Review-2021-002.pdf:9.68MB

This report describes the activities of Department of Decommissioning and Waste Management (DDWM) in Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI) in the period from April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. The report covers organization and missions of DDWM, outline and operation/maintenance of facilities which belong to DDWM, treatment and management of radioactive wastes, decommissioning activities, and related research and development activities which were conducted in DDWM. In FY2019 radioactive wastes generated from R&D activities in NSRI were treated safely. They were about 323 m$$^{3}$$ of noncombustible solid wastes and 111 m$$^{3}$$ of liquid wastes. After adequate treatment, 2,588 waste packages (in 200 L-drum equivalent) were generated. The total amounts of accumulated waste packages were 130,223 as of the end of FY2019 due to efforts of the restitution of waste packages to the Japan Radioisotope Association and volume reduction treatments of the stored waste packages. Decommissioning activities were carried out for the JAEA's Reprocessing Test Facility (JRTF), the Liquid Waste Treatment Facilities, the Decontamination Facilities, and Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) facilities. As for the R&D activities, studies on radiochemical analyses of wastes for disposal were continued. In order to pass the conformity review on the New Regulatory Requirements for waste management facilities, the Approval of the design and construction method was applied sequentially for the Nuclear Regulation Authority. The ministry of the Environment and Tokai-mura office requested JAEA to dispose of the contaminated soil generated by the accident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The monitoring work at the playground was conducted during this period.

JAEA Reports

Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory Project, Annual report for fiscal year 2019

Takeuchi, Ryuji; Onoe, Hironori; Murakami, Hiroaki; Watanabe, Yusuke; Mikake, Shinichiro; Ikeda, Koki; Iyatomi, Yosuke; Nishio, Kazuhisa*; Sasao, Eiji

JAEA-Review 2021-003, 63 Pages, 2021/06

JAEA-Review-2021-003.pdf:12.67MB

The Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) Project is being pursued by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to enhance the reliability of geological disposal technologies through investigations of the deep geological environment in the crystalline rock (granite) at Mizunami City, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. On the occasion of JAEA reformation in FY2014, JAEA identified three remaining important issues on the geoscientific research program based on the synthesized latest results of research and development (R&D): "Development of countermeasure technologies for reducing groundwater inflow", "Development of modeling technologies for mass transport" and "Development of drift backfilling technologies". At the MIU, the R&D are being pursued with a focus on the remaining important issues from FY2015, and satisfactory results have been achieved. Based on this situation, the R&D on the MIU Project were completed at the end of FY2019. In this report, the results of R&D and construction activities of the MIU Project in FY2019 are summarized.

JAEA Reports

Proceedings of debriefing session on JAEA's Underground Research Laboratory Projects, 2020

Shimizu, Mayuko; Amano, Kenji; Mizuno, Takashi; Hama, Katsuhiro

JAEA-Review 2021-004, 92 Pages, 2021/07

JAEA-Review-2021-004.pdf:10.33MB

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting research and development (R&D) on geological disposal technology in order to establish a scientific and technological basis for the geological disposal of HLW. "Debriefing Session on JAEA's Underground Research Laboratory" was held online on December 1, 2020 by live stream on YouTube, in order to widely disseminate the results of R&D themes ("Important issues") that we have been focusing on from fiscal year 2015 to 2019 and the plans for 2020 and beyond, and to further enhance the research plan. This document summarizes the overview of the debriefing session and the presentation materials.

JAEA Reports

Environmental performance data in "Environmental report 2020"

Safety and Environmental Management Section, Safety and Nuclear Security Administration Department

JAEA-Review 2021-005, 209 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-005.pdf:6.92MB

In September, 2020 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) published the Environmental Report 2020 concerning the activities of FY 2019 under "Law Concerning the Promotion of Business Activities with Environmental Consideration by Specified Corporations, etc., by Facilitating Access to Environmental Information, and Other Measures". This report has been edited to show detailed environmental performance data in FY 2019 as the base of the Environmental Report 2020. This report would not only ensure traceability of the data in order to enhance the reliability of the environmental report, but also make useful measures for promoting activities of environmental considerations in JAEA.

JAEA Reports

Annual report of Nuclear Science Research Institute, JFY2015 & 2016

Nuclear Science Research Institute

JAEA-Review 2021-006, 248 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-006.pdf:7.17MB

Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI) is composed of Planning and Coordination Office and six departments, namely Department of Operational Safety Administration, Department of Radiation Protection, Engineering Services Department, Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, Department of Fukushima Technology Development and Department of Decommissioning and Waste Management, and each department manages facilities and develops related technologies to achieve the "Middle and long-term Plan" successfully and effectively. In order to contribute the future research and development and to promote management business, this annual report summarizes information on the activities of NSRI of JFY 2015 and 2016 as well as the activity on research and development carried out by Nuclear Safety Research Center, Advanced Science Research Center, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Material Science Research Center, and development activities of Nuclear Human Resources Development Center, using facilities of NSRI.

JAEA Reports

Report on contamination incident and restoration activity in the controlled area of Plutonium Fuel Fabrication Facility

Plutonium Fuel Development Center

JAEA-Review 2021-007, 61 Pages, 2021/06

JAEA-Review-2021-007.pdf:7.56MB

The contamination incident in an operation room (Room No. A-103) of Plutonium Fuel Fabrication Facility (PFFF) in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratory occurred on January 30, 2019 during replacement of the double plastic bags which enclose a storage container containing nuclear material. At this time, some of nuclear materials spread all over the room. Nine workers in the room were contaminated with plutonium, but internal exposure of them was not confirmed. In order to restore the Room No. A-103 of PFFF, the Restoration Activity Team organized in JAEA carried out the decontamination work after the investigation of the contamination level in the room. The team had decontaminated the surface of walls, ceiling, gloveboxes and other instruments. Suitable decontamination methods were selected depending on the contamination distribution and installation state of the instruments. In addition to the manual wiping using wet wipes, the exfoliation method using a microfiber mop was applied for narrowed areas. As a result, the loose alpha-contamination level throughout the room fell below the detection limit. On other hand, the fixed alpha-contaminations were confined by painting after the decontamination. This report shown detail restoration activities for this time incident. This information is useful for making a manual on restoration activities and performing practice for the largescale contamination incident. We hope this report will be used for other facilities handled alpha-radioactive materials such as plutonium.

JAEA Reports

Activity for improvement of reprocessing plant quality assurance system; Transition to decommissioning stage, complying with new regulatory requirements for new inspection program, giving up ISO 9001 certification; Operations report FY 2012-2019

Yoshinaka, Kazuyuki; Shimizu, Kazuyuki; Sugiyama, Takayuki

JAEA-Review 2021-008, 112 Pages, 2021/07

JAEA-Review-2021-008.pdf:5.99MB

We had drastically been improving quality assurance system for Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP), through applying new regulatory requirements, giving up ISO certification from FY2012 to 2019. In revising QA system, it is obviously necessary to satisfy the regulatory requirements, but it is important to continuously improve the QA system considering effectiveness to safety performance based on earlier experiences. In this report, the background of QA system revision, interpretation and thinking way of conformation and application to new regulation and "Application Guide to Quality Assurance Code for Safety in Nuclear Power Plants (JEAC 4111)" to TRP, issues considered. And matters that require attention for future QA activities are described. Key points are "in work processes planning, relationship with other sections and responsibility boundaries should be clearly defined with such as flow chart", "to manage decision-making processes is important, including input information, judgment criteria and so on", "concerning process monitoring and measurement, not only focusing on scheduling but also viewpoints toward conditions of facilities/systems, conformance to regulatory requirements and process improvement are necessary", and "in documentation, matching for existing system, clear relation to other fundamental documents are necessary".

JAEA Reports

Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory Project; Investigation program for the 2021 fiscal year

Nakayama, Masashi

JAEA-Review 2021-009, 54 Pages, 2021/07

JAEA-Review-2021-009.pdf:5.02MB

The Horonobe URL Project is being pursued by the JAEA to enhance the reliability of relevant disposal technologies for geological disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste through investigations of the deep geological environment within the host sedimentary rock at Horonobe Town in Hokkaido, north Japan. In 2021 fiscal year (2021/2022), JAEA continue to conduct research on "Demonstration of EBS in geological environment", "Demonstration of disposal concept", and "Validation of buffer capacity of the sedimentary rock to tectonism", which are the important issues shown in the Horonobe underground research plan after 2020 fiscal year. The main studies to be conducted in 2021 fiscal year are as follows. As "Demonstration of EBS in geological environment", we will shift to the test under the condition that the influence of heating is eliminated in the full scale EBS experiment. As "Demonstration of disposal concept", as a demonstration of the closure techniques, it details the conditions under which long-term transitions in the tunnel and surrounding bedrock have a significant impact on safety assessments. And we will continue engineering scale experiment to confirm the workability and performance of plugs and laboratory tests to examine the interaction between backfilling materials and buffer materials. As "Validation of buffer capacity of the sedimentary rock to tectonism", we will analyze the results of the hydraulic disturbance test and continue to study the hydraulic disconnection of faults/fissures in the Wakkanai Formation. As an advancement of technology for investigating and evaluating areas where the flow of groundwater is extremely slow, a boring exploration will be conducted to confirm the three-dimensional distribution of the fossil seawater area.

JAEA Reports

Annual report of Nuclear Human Resource Development Center (April 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020)

Nuclear Human Resource Development Center

JAEA-Review 2021-010, 70 Pages, 2021/09

JAEA-Review-2021-010.pdf:3.53MB

This annual report summarizes the activities of Nuclear Human Resource Development Center (NuHRDeC) of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) in the fiscal year (FY) 2019.

JAEA Reports

Annual report of Engineering Services Department on JFY2019

Engineering Services Department

JAEA-Review 2021-011, 86 Pages, 2021/08

JAEA-Review-2021-011.pdf:5.35MB

The Engineering Services Department is in charge of operation and maintenance of utility facilities (water distribution systems, electricity supply systems, steam generation systems and drain water systems etc.) in whole of the institute. And also is in charge of operation and maintenance of specific systems (power receiving and transforming facilities, an emergency electric power supply system, an air/liquid waste treatment system, a compressed air supply system) in nuclear reactor facilities, nuclear fuel treatment facilities and usual facilities or buildings. In addition, the department is in charge of maintenance of buildings, design and repair of electrical/mechanical equipments. This annual report describes summary of activities, operation and maintenance data and technical developments of the department carried out in JFY 2019. We hope that this report may help to future work.

JAEA Reports

Research plan on geosphere stability for long-term isolation of radioactive waste (Scientific program for fiscal year 2021)

Ishimaru, Tsuneari; Kokubu, Yoko; Shimada, Koji; Shimada, Akiomi; Niwa, Masakazu; Watanabe, Takahiro; Sueoka, Shigeru; Yokoyama, Tatsunori; Fujita, Natsuko; Ogita, Yasuhiro; et al.

JAEA-Review 2021-012, 48 Pages, 2021/08

JAEA-Review-2021-012.pdf:1.64MB

This report is a plan of research and development (R&D) on geosphere stability for long-term isolation of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), in fiscal year 2021. The objectives and contents in fiscal year 2021 are described in detail based on the JAEA 3rd Medium- and Long-term Plan (fiscal years 2015-2021). In addition, the background of this research is described from the necessity and the significance for site investigation and safety assessment, and the past progress. The plan framework is structured into the following categories: (1) Development and systematization of investigation techniques, (2) Development of models for long-term estimation and effective assessment, (3) Development of dating techniques.

JAEA Reports

Comparison analysis between U.S. and Japan on Evacuation Time Estimation for nuclear emergency planning zones

Shimada, Kazumasa; Takahara, Shogo

JAEA-Review 2021-013, 142 Pages, 2021/09

JAEA-Review-2021-013.pdf:4.74MB

In this report, the authors reviewed the published reports of Evacuation Time Estimation (ETE) conducted in Japan and United States and examined the issues of ETE in Japan. The authors obtained public ETE reports in Japan from 16 prefectures up to February 2020. In addition, the authors obtained 58 ETE reports in United States from 2011 to 2018. Next, the overview of ETE for the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) around the nuclear power plant in United States was described based on the NUREG/CR-7002 of the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Then, based on the guidance of the ETE of the Cabinet Office of Japan, the overview of ETE in Japan for the Precautionary Action Zone (PAZ) and the Urgent Protective Action Planning Zone (UPZ) was described and compared with the ETE in United States. It was found that ETE in Japan often outputs only the time of 90% or 100% that population complete evacuation. Therefore, in order to use ETE in Japan for emergency decision-making, it is necessary to unify the inputs and outputs of ETE as in the United States' ETE reports.

JAEA Reports

Final report of the covariance data utilization and promotion WG in the JENDL committee

Covariance Data Utilization and Promotion Working Group, JENDL Committee

JAEA-Review 2021-014, 139 Pages, 2021/09

JAEA-Review-2021-014.pdf:3.87MB

The Covariance Data Utilization and Promotion Working Group organized in the JENDL committee has worked for three years to study the following five issues: (1) to identify uncertainties which have not yet been quantified or which are too difficult to be quantified, (2) to identify uncertainties which have been quantified, but whose reasonable bases are too weak, (3) to propose realistic methods to assure the reliability of the covariance data, (4) to propose actions which should be taken in the fields of nuclear data measurement, evaluation and application to promote the covariance data utilization, and (5) to make a recommendation how the covariance data are treated and positioned in Japanese evaluated nuclear data library, JENDL. This final report summarizes the outcomes of this working group. This report is organized as follows. First, the fundamental information/issues on the nuclear data uncertainties are briefly described, and then the current status and issues of the covariance data evaluation and utilization in the fields of the nuclear data measurement, evaluation and application are presented. Furthermore, several methods to assure the reliability of the covariance data are proposed, and finally, some guidelines such that what kind of covariance data provided in the evaluated nuclear data files are desirable, and what kinds of attention the users should take care in utilizing the covariance data are proposed as a conclusion of the working group.

JAEA Reports

Investigation on soundness of JMTR Facility piping by ultrasonic thickness measurement

Omori, Takazumi; Otsuka, Kaoru; Endo, Yasuichi; Takeuchi, Tomoaki; Ide, Hiroshi

JAEA-Review 2021-015, 57 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-015.pdf:6.3MB

The JMTR reactor facility was selected as a decommissioning one in the Medium/Long-Term Management Plan of JAEA Facilities formulated on April 1, 2017. Therefore, the decommissioning plan was submitted to Nuclear Regulation Authority on September 18, 2019, and the approval was obtained on March 17, 2021 after two amendments. Currently, preparations for decommissioning are underway. The JMTR reactor facility has been aged for more than 50 years since the first criticality in March 1968. However, some of the water piping systems has not been updated since its construction, and there is a possibility of pipe wall thinning due to corrosion, etc. Therefore, the integrity of the water piping was investigated for the facilities that circulate cooling water and pump radioactive liquid waste. In this investigation, the main circulation system of the reactor primary cooling system, the pool canal circulation system, the CF pool circulation system, the drainage system of the liquid waste disposal system, and the hydraulic rabbit irradiation system of the main experimental facility were measured for the pipe wall thickness using the Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement (UTM) method. These values satisfied the technical standards for research and test reactor facilities. No loss of integrity is expected to occur during the upcoming decommissioning period. In the future, we will periodically confirm that there is no wall thinning in the piping of the cooling water circulation and the water transmission system during the decommissioning period by using this result as basic data.

JAEA Reports

Development of fundamental technologies for domestic production of medical radioisotope (technetium-99m); The First and second phase report (FY2014-2020)

Project 6 Meeting Members for Tsukuba International Strategic Zone

JAEA-Review 2021-016, 102 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-016.pdf:12.76MB

In December 2011, the Prime Minister designated Tsukuba and some areas in Ibaraki Prefecture as "Comprehensive Special Zones". In the Tsukuba International Strategic Zone, nine advanced research and development (R&D) projects are underway with the goal of promoting industrialization of life innovation and green innovation utilizing the science and technology in Tsukuba. In these projects, the domestic production of medical radioisotope (Technetium-99m, $$^{rm 99m}$$Tc) was certified as a new project in October 2013, and R&D have been performed in collaboration with related organizations with Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) as the project leader. Japan is the third largest consumer of molybdenum-99 ($$^{99}$$Mo) after the United States and Europe, and all $$^{99}$$Mo are imported. Supply will be insufficient if overseas reactors are shut down due to trouble or if transportation (air and land transportations) is stopped due to volcanic eruptions and some accidents. Thus, early domestic production of $$^{99}$$Mo is strongly required. This project is a technology development aimed at domestic production of $$^{99}$$Mo, which is a raw material of $$^{rm 99m}$$Tc used as a diagnostic agent. This report summarizes the activities carried out in the first and second phase of the domestic production of medical radioisotope ($$^{rm 99m}$$Tc) (here referred to as the "Project 6") in Tsukuba International Strategic Zone (FY2014-2020).

JAEA Reports

Operation, test, research and development of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) (FY2019)

Department of HTTR

JAEA-Review 2021-017, 81 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-017.pdf:2.53MB

The High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) is the first High-Temperature Gas cooled Reactor (HTGR) constructed in Japan at the Oarai Research and Development Institute of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency with 30MW in thermal power and 950$$^{circ}$$C of outlet coolant temperature. The purpose of the HTTR is to establish and upgrade basic technologies for HTGRs. The HTTR has accumulated a lot of experience of HTGRs' operation and maintenance up to the present time throughout rated power operations, safety demonstration tests, long-term high temperature operations and demonstration tests relevant to HTGRs' R&Ds. In the fiscal year 2019, we continued to make effort to restart operations of the HTTR that stopped since the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. It is necessary for the HTTR reoperation to prove conformity with the new regulatory requirements for research reactors enacted in December 2013. So we might cope with government agency to pass the inspection of application document for the HTTR licensing. This report summarizes the activities carried out in the fiscal year 2019, which were the situation of the new regulatory requirements screening of the HTTR, the operation and maintenance of the HTTR, R&Ds relevant to commercial-scale HTGRs, the international cooperation on HTGRs and so on.

JAEA Reports

Progress report on Nuclear Safety Research Center (JFY 2020)

Nuclear Safety Research Center, Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness

JAEA-Review 2021-018, 169 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-018.pdf:10.9MB

Nuclear Safety Research Center (NSRC), Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) provides technical supports for the nuclear regulatory bodies by conducting safety researches based on the Mid-Long Term Target approved by the Japanese government. This report summarizes the organization of NSRC and the cooperative research activities with domestic and international organizations as well as the nuclear safety research activities and results in JFY 2020 on the nine research fields in NSRC; (1) severe accident, (2) radiation risk, (3) nuclear fuels in light water reactors (LWRs), (4) thermohydraulic behavior in LWRs, (5) materials degradation and structural integrity, (6) nuclear fuel cycle facilities, (7) criticality management, (8) nuclear safeguards, and (9) radioactive waste management. Also summarized are the two cross-organizational activities; (1) research for facilitating application of risk information and (2) analysis of regulatory and international information, which support the nine research activities.

JAEA Reports

Direction of future safety research to be conducted by Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness (FY 2021 Edition)

Planning and Co-ordination Office, Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness

JAEA-Review 2021-019, 58 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-019.pdf:2.26MB

In response to the directives of the 4th medium-to-long-term objectives, Japan Atomic Energy Agency will formulate the 4th medium-to-long-term plan and run its operation according to the plan from the fiscal year 2022. Consequently, the Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness has reviewed the strategies of the safety research for contributing to the demand, "the continuous improvement of nuclear safety and the effectiveness of nuclear disaster prevention". It was also discussed how to proceed the safety research over the medium-to-long-term plan period based on the proposed new strategies. From the viewpoint of developing human resources and maintaining research capabilities in the sector, discussion was made on measures to pass on the knowledge and skills of senior and mid-career researchers to young researchers. The main elements of the proposed strategies are: (1) to efficiently and effectively develop both problem-solving research and advanced or leading research, considering the importance and needs on the nuclear safety and corresponding to regulatory trends and introduction of new technologies, (2) to produce research results of high quality for social implementation, including proactive proposal of measures for enhancing rationality of nuclear safety and regulation by utilizing risk information, and (3) to promote development of human resources and maintenance of technological base through challenging new research subjects. This report summarizes results of the discussion on the medium-to-long-term safety research strategies and the research plans based on the proposed strategies.

JAEA Reports

Study on the evaluation method to determine the radioactivity concentration in radioactive waste on Oarai Research and Development Institute (FY2020)

Asakura, Kazuki; Shimomura, Yusuke; Donomae, Yasushi; Abe, Kazuyuki; Kitamura, Ryoichi; Miyakoshi, Hiroyuki; Takamatsu, Misao; Sakamoto, Naoki; Isozaki, Ryosuke; Onishi, Takashi; et al.

JAEA-Review 2021-020, 42 Pages, 2021/10

JAEA-Review-2021-020.pdf:2.95MB

The disposal of radioactive waste from the research facility need to calculate from the radioactivity concentration that based on variously nuclear fuels and materials. In Japan Atomic Energy Agency Oarai Research and Development Institute, the study on considering disposal is being advanced among the facilities which generate radioactive waste as well as the facilities which process radioactive waste. This report summarizes a study result in FY2020 about the evaluation method to determine the radioactivity concentration in radioactive waste on Oarai Research and Development Institute.

JAEA Reports

Consideration on utilization of atmospheric dispersion models for a nuclear emergency preparedness and response

Togawa, Orihiko; Okura, Takehisa; Kimura, Masanori; Nagai, Haruyasu

JAEA-Review 2021-021, 61 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-021.pdf:3.72MB

Triggered by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, there have been a lot of arguments among various situations and levels about utilization of atmospheric dispersion models for a nuclear emergency preparedness and response. Most of these arguments, however, were alternative and extreme discussions on whether predictions by computational models could be applied or not for protective measures in a nuclear emergency, and it was hard to say that these arguments were politely conducted, based on scientific verification in an emergency response. It was known, on the other hand, that there were not a few potential users of atmospheric dispersion models and/or calculation results by the models within the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and outside. However, they seemed to have a lack of understanding and a misunderstanding on proper use of different kinds of atmospheric dispersion models. This report compares an outline of models and calculation method in atmospheric dispersion models for a nuclear emergency preparedness and response, with a central focus on the models which have been developed and used in the JAEA. Examples of calculations by these models are also described in the report. This report aims at contributing to future consideration and activities for potential users of atmospheric dispersion models within the JAEA and outside.

JAEA Reports

Summaries of research and development activities by using supercomputer system of JAEA in FY2020 (April 1, 2020 - March 31, 2021)

HPC Technology Promotion Office

JAEA-Review 2021-022, 187 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-022.pdf:10.11MB

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) conducts research and development (R&D) in various fields related to nuclear power as a comprehensive institution of nuclear energy R&Ds, and utilizes computational science and technology in many activities. As shown in the fact that about 20 percent of papers published by JAEA are concerned with R&D using computational science, the supercomputer system of JAEA has become an important infrastructure to support computational science and technology. In FY2020, the system was used for R&D aiming to restore Fukushima (environmental recovery and nuclear installation decommissioning) as a priority issue, as well as for JAEA's major projects such as research and development of fast reactor cycle technology, research for safety improvement in the field of nuclear energy, and basic nuclear science and engineering research. This report presents a great number of R&D results accomplished by using the system in FY2020, as well as user support, operational records and overviews of the system, and so on.

JAEA Reports

Upgrading of recovery method for radioactive microparticles by heavy liquid separation aiming to volume reduction of contaminated soil (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; University of Tsukuba*

JAEA-Review 2021-023, 49 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-023.pdf:2.39MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2018, this report summarizes the research results of the "Upgrading of recovery method for radioactive microparticles by heavy liquid separation aiming to volume reduction of contaminated soil" conducted from FY2018 to FY2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for three fiscal years were summarized. The present study aims to develop a novel method to reduce the volume of contaminated soil caused by an accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The heavy liquid separation method, which was optimized in the previous year, was applied to nine soils collected in Fukushima Prefecture.

JAEA Reports

Document collection of the 38th Technical Special Committee on Fugen Decommissioning

Sato, Yuji; Yamamoto, Kosuke; Taruta, Yasuyoshi

JAEA-Review 2021-024, 33 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-024.pdf:5.2MB

"Fugen Decommissioning Engineering Center", in planning and carrying out our decommissioning technical development, organizes "Technical special committee on Fugen decommissioning" which consists of the members well-informed, aiming to make good use of Fugen as a place for technological development which is opened domestic and international, as the central place in research and development base of Fukui prefecture, and to utilize the outcome in our decommissioning to the technical development effectively. This report consists of presentation materials "The current status of Fugen decommissioning", "Future measures based on clearance decontamination results" and "Fugen decommissioning knowledge management", presented in the 38th Technical Special Committee on Fugen Decommissioning which was held on March 15 to March 26, 2021.

JAEA Reports

Semi-autonomous remote-control technology of an articulated mobile robot to recover from stuck states (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; The University of Electro-Communications*

JAEA-Review 2021-025, 33 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-025.pdf:1.68MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Semi- autonomous remote-control technology of an articulated mobile robot to recover from stuck states" conducted in FY2020. The purpose of this work is to establish a recovery method of an articulated mobile robot from stuck states. In this work, a control method of the robot to recover from stuck states by using redundancy of the system is proposed. In addition, we develop two interfaces. One is a display interface as an operator can understand the situation of the robot and surrounding terrain, and the other is a control interface to provide a target motion using the proposed control method. Finally, the effectiveness of them is demonstrated by experiments using an actual robot.

JAEA Reports

Development of radiation hardened diamond image sensing devices (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology*

JAEA-Review 2021-026, 47 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-026.pdf:2.16MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of radiation hardened diamond image sensing devices" conducted in FY2020. The research objective of this project is to develop image sensing devices which work under the high radiation condition. The devices will be realized using radiation hardened diamond semiconductor devices as charge transfer devices and photodetectors. The research project has mainly two targets such as to confirm charge coupled devices operation on diamond unipolar devices and to characterize photo conductivity of diamond detectors.

JAEA Reports

Challenge to advancement of debris composition and direct isotope measurement by microwave-enhanced LIBS (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; i-lab*

JAEA-Review 2021-027, 62 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-027.pdf:3.06MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Challenge to advancement of debris composition and direct isotope measurement by microwave-enhanced LIBS" conducted in FY2020. Although LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) is commercially available for application to remote composition measurement, it is not suitable for high radiation environment due to loss in optical fibers derived from the influence of radiation, reduction in laser transmission output, and nuclear fuel debris properties. There are general concerns of the signal strength decrease. In addition, since LIBS is generally considered to be unsuitable for isotope measurement, there are problems to be improved.

JAEA Reports

Interdisciplinary evaluation of biological effect of internal exposure by inhaling alpha-ray emitting nuclides represented by radon (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Okayama University*

JAEA-Review 2021-028, 57 Pages, 2021/11

JAEA-Review-2021-028.pdf:1.94MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2018, this report summarizes the research results of the "Interdisciplinary evaluation of biological effect of internal exposure by inhaling alpha-ray emitting nuclides represented by radon" conducted from FY2018 to FY2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for three fiscal years were summarized. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of radiation exposure to alpha-ray emitting dusts generated in decommissioning of the nuclear reactors. Radon is used here as a surrogate nuclide because it is an alpha-ray emitter and there have been extensive studies on it so far.

JAEA Reports

Establishment of the measurement system of radiation dependent mutation in organ cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology*

JAEA-Review 2021-029, 64 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-029.pdf:2.74MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2018, this report summarizes the research results of the "Establishment of the measurement system of radiation dependent mutation in organ cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells" conducted from FY2018 to 2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for three fiscal years were summarized. The present study aimed to establish measurement system of radiation dependent mutation for analyze radiation effect to the human body. A distinctive feature of this study is to compare several organ cells which possess same genome DNA using human induced pluripotent stem cell. Further, using artificial intelligence technology and machine leaning method, we analyzed differences of mutation frequency during samples.

JAEA Reports

Human resource development related to remote control technology for monitoring inside RPV pedestal during retrieval of fuel debris (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; The University of Tokyo*

JAEA-Review 2021-030, 79 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-030.pdf:3.82MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Human resource development related to remote control technology for monitoring inside RPV pedestal during retrieval of fuel debris" conducted in FY2020. This study deals with construction of a monitoring platform for understanding the status inside a reactor during fuel debris removal, and measurement and visualization by sensors moving on the platform. In addition, to develop research personnel through research education by participating in such research projects, classroom lectures, and facility tours is also a goal of this project. In FY2020, the main activities were base design and underlying technology development.

JAEA Reports

Report on activities of "Technical Committee on Mine Closure Activities of the Tono Mine"

Tsurudome, Koji; Suzuki, Hajime; Aoki, Katsunori

JAEA-Review 2021-031, 186 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-031.pdf:11.79MB

Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been conducting mine closure activities at Tono Mine based on "Plan for closure activities of the Tono Mine" since FY2010. The closure activities of the Tono Mine are carried out in accordance with the Mining Act, the Mine Safety Act and the Industrial Safety and Health Act. In particular, in order to examine the technologies applied to the closure activities of the Tono mine, also the surrounding environmental monitoring, "Technical Committee on Mine Closure Activities of the Tono Mine" was organized at Tono Geoscience Center in FY2013 and the results in the previous fiscal year and the plan for the current fiscal year have been reported and discussed at the annual meeting. As a result, it has been confirmed that the closure activities are making progress as planned and that the environment around the mine meets the legally required standards from the monitoring results. This document is a compilation of meeting materials of all eight committee meetings held between FY2013 and FY2019.

JAEA Reports

Activities responding to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident; Activities on initial response after the accident and safety research based on lessons learned from the accident

Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness

JAEA-Review 2021-032, 142 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-032.pdf:10.73MB

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11th, 2011, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has conducted, as the sole comprehensive nuclear research and development (R&D) institution in Japan, the R&D activities on decommission of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), environmental remediation, safety enhancement of light water reactors based on lessons learned from the 1F accident. The agency has also supported, as a designated institution of the Basic Act on Disaster Control Measures, lots of activities including emergency response. The Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness in JAEA has cooperated on initial response after the accident using knowledge and evaluation method obtained by the safety research, and has supported activities by regulation administrations through accident progression analysis, research on severe accidents, the R&D on emergency monitoring technique and effectiveness evaluation of protective measures etc. This report summarizes 10 years' activities responding to the 1F accident, which the Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness has carried out just after the accident.

JAEA Reports

Measurement methods for the radioactive source distribution inside reactor buildings using a one-dimensional optical fiber radiation sensor (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Nagoya University*

JAEA-Review 2021-033, 55 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-033.pdf:2.9MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Measurement methods for the radioactive source distribution inside reactor buildings using a one-dimensional optical fiber radiation sensor" conducted in FY2020. We are developing a one-dimensional optical fiber radiation sensor that can estimate the radioactive source distribution "along lines" instead of "at points". To improve the conventional time-of-flight optical fiber radiation sensor for the application under high dose rate environment, basic evaluation tests were conducted using various optical fibers with different diameters and materials.

JAEA Reports

Estimation of the in-depth debris status of Fukushima Unit-2 and Unit-3 with Multi-physics modeling (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Waseda University*

JAEA-Review 2021-034, 107 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-034.pdf:6.08MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Estimation of the in-depth debris status of Fukushima Unit-2 and Unit-3 with multi-physics modeling" conducted in FY2020. Continuous update on understanding of the damaged 1F reactors is important for safe and efficient decommissioning of the reactors. This study aims to estimate the in-depth debris status of the damaged 1F Unit-2 and Unit-3 through multi-physics modeling, which comprises of MPS method, simulated molten debris relocation experiment and high-temperature melt property data acquisition in the three-year project from FY2019.

JAEA Reports

Development of methodology combining chemical analysis technology with informatics technology to understand perspectives property of debris and tie-up style human resource development (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Fukushima University*

JAEA-Review 2021-035, 89 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-035.pdf:6.37MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of methodology combining chemical analysis technology with informatics technology to understand perspectives property of debris and tie-up style human resource development" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to Goal of this study is to implement a research plan relate to a development of combinational technology of new chemical analysis with informatics, and the aim is to develop new system for whole image estimation system using small quantities of information.

JAEA Reports

Safe, efficient cementation of challenging radioactive wastes using alkali activated materials with high-flowability and high-anion retention capacity (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Hokkaido University*

JAEA-Review 2021-036, 95 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-036.pdf:5.13MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Safe, efficient cementation of challenging radioactive wastes using alkali activated materials with high-flowability and high-anion retention capacity" conducted in FY2020. For safe storage and disposal of iron sludge generated from contaminated water treatment, the present study aims to 1) explore alkali activated materials (AAM) with high-flowability and high-anion retention capacity and its recipe, 2) try mock-up manufacture and evaluation for one-tenth the size of real waste and propose the concept of the manufacturing equipment for a real plant, 3) show potential of AAM as the material for the solidification of waste with various physicochemical properties and radioactive nuclide compositions from the result ...

JAEA Reports

Improvement of critical safety technology in fuel debris retrieval (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology*

JAEA-Review 2021-037, 61 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-037.pdf:4.24MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Improvement of critical safety technology in fuel debris retrieval" conducted in FY2019 and FY2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for two fiscal years were summarized. The purpose of research was to improve the criticality safety analysis methods in the case of fuel debris removal with the collaboration with Russian university, which has a lot of experiences in the criticality analysis. This research has been performed as two fiscal years project in FY 2019 and FY 2020 by Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) and Tokyo City University (TCU) as the Japanese side, and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI as the Russian side.

JAEA Reports

Technology development of diamond-base neutron sensors and radiation-resistive integrated-circuits for shielding-free criticality approach monitoring system (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization*

JAEA-Review 2021-038, 65 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-038.pdf:4.42MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Technology development of diamond-base neutron sensors and radiation-resistive integrated-circuits for shielding-free criticality approach monitoring system" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to develop key components of neutron detection system without a radiation shield for a criticality approach monitoring system. It is required high neutron detection efficiency for a few cps/nv under high gamma ray radiation environment (i.e. 1 kGy/h maximum) and compact-light-weight to fit constraints of the penetration size and the payload.

JAEA Reports

Annual report of Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (FY 2020 and Previous 20 Years)

Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center

JAEA-Review 2021-039, 98 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-039.pdf:5.99MB

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public corporations, dealing with emergency situations in cooperation with the Japanese government under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA provides technical assistances to the government in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies. JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice to the government. Moreover, NEAT provides the technical exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear emergency preparedness and response to emergency responders. This report introduces the results of activities in FY 2020, during the third medium and long-term plan from FY 2015 to 2021 as Chapter 1. Chapter 2 summarizes activities in 20 years since FY 1999.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the effluent control of low level liquid waste in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories FY2020

Nakano, Masanao; Nakada, Akira; Kanai, Katsuta; Nagaoka, Mika; Koike, Yuko; Yamada, Ryohei; Kubota, Tomohiro; Yoshii, Hideki*; Otani, Kazunori*; Hiyama, Yoshinori*; et al.

JAEA-Review 2021-040, 118 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-040.pdf:2.48MB

Based on the regulations (the safety regulation of Tokai Reprocessing Plant, the safety regulation of nuclear fuel material usage facilities, the radiation safety rule, the regulation about prevention from radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, which are related with the nuclear regulatory acts, the local agreement concerning with safety and environment conservation around nuclear facilities, the water pollution control law, and by law of Ibaraki Prefecture), the effluent control of liquid waste discharged from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories of Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been performed. This report describes the effluent control results of the liquid waste in the fiscal year 2020. In this period, the concentrations and the quantities of the radioactivity in liquid waste discharged from the reprocessing plant, the plutonium fuel fabrication facilities, and the other nuclear fuel material usage facilities were much lower than the limits authorized by the above regulations.

JAEA Reports

Development of tailor-made adsorbents for uranium recovery from seawater on the basis of uranyl coordination chemistry (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology*

JAEA-Review 2021-041, 42 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-041.pdf:2.03MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of tailor-made adsorbents for uranium recovery from seawater on the basis of uranyl coordination chemistry" conducted in FY2020. On the basis of deep understanding on uranyl coordination chemistry, we design molecular structures of pentadentate ligands as functional moieties for uranium adsorption from seawater and study coordination chemistry of uranyl ion with those ligands in order to resolve current problems in uranium recovery technology from seawater and to develop novel selective and efficient adsorbents for this purpose.

JAEA Reports

Research and development of radiation-resistant sensor for fuel debris by integrating advanced measurement technologies (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization*

JAEA-Review 2021-042, 115 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-042.pdf:5.18MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2018, this report summarizes the research results of the "Research and development of radiation-resistant sensor for fuel debris by integrating advanced measurement technologies" conducted from FY2018 to FY2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for three fiscal years were summarized. The present study aims to in-situ measure and analyze the distribution status and criticality of flooded fuel debris. For this purpose, we construct a neutron measurement system by developing compact diamond neutron sensor and integrated circuit whose radiation resistance was improved by circuit design.

JAEA Reports

Development of dosimetry device in reactor cores under severe radiation environment (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College*

JAEA-Review 2021-043, 135 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-043.pdf:5.39MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2018, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of dosimetry device in reactor cores under severe radiation environment" conducted from FY2018 to FY2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for three fiscal years were summarized. Since the radiation level in the reactors and buildings of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (1F) is extremely high due to the accident, it is required to develop radiation measurement technology based on the needs at the 1F working site. In this study, we will develop technologies towards practical application of revolutionary radiation measurement system based on the dose measurement technology utilizing solar cell devices.

JAEA Reports

Development of high-resolution imaging camera for alpha dust (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Tohoku University*

JAEA-Review 2021-044, 58 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-044.pdf:3.53MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2018, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of high-resolution imaging camera for alpha dust" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to develop a novel alpha-ray camera consisting of imaging and an energy spectrometer to find the alpha dust to reduce the risk of health damage in Decommissioning. We have developed the camera in FY2020, and the measurement test for the energy spectra. Moreover, the imaging test has been operated. In addition, we have also developed a high-dose-rate monitor system using novel scintillators with red/infra-red emission.

JAEA Reports

Challenge to investigation of fuel debris in RPV by an advanced super dragon articulated robot arm (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology*

JAEA-Review 2021-045, 65 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-045.pdf:3.41MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Challenge to investigation of fuel debris in RPV by an advanced super dragon articulated robot arm" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to develop the implementation techniques of the remote sensing method on a robot arm for monitoring the structure status in the reactor and the distribution of nuclear materials by a long-articulated robot arm with controlling and grasping the position and posture of the robot arm hand. In FY 2020, we have conducted fundamental operation check of the robot arm in the simulated environment, prototype construction of telescopic articulated arm and cable storage mechanism, investigation of drive wire specifications, improvement of LIBS probe, prototype construction …

JAEA Reports

Development of technology to simultaneously measure viscosity and surface tension of molten materials in reactor core (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Osaka University*

JAEA-Review 2021-046, 77 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-046.pdf:2.92MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2018, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of technology to simultaneously measure viscosity and surface tension of molten materials in reactor core" conducted from FY2018 to FY2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for three fiscal years were summarized. Since (U, Zr)O$$_{2}$$ and boride, molten materials in reactor core, exist at extremely high temperature, chemical reactions between the vessel and these molten materials are unavoidable. Therefore, it is difficult to measure the thermophysical property of these materials. In the present study, droplets are produced by heating and melting the samples levitated by a gas levitation method, then the droplets are collided with a substrate.

JAEA Reports

Quantitative evaluation of long-term state changes of contaminated reinforced concrete considering the actual environments for rational disposal (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; The University of Tokyo*

JAEA-Review 2021-047, 127 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-047.pdf:5.57MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Quantitative evaluation of long-term state changes of contaminated reinforced concrete considering the actual environments for rational disposal" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to construct a database for quantitative prediction of contaminated reinforced concrete inside the reactor building. In FY2020, in chapter 3.1, in order to obtain the data for the evaluation of mesoscale cracking behavior, the equipment for the making and the measurement of the test specimens were prepared, the evaluation method was confirmed, and preliminary experiments were carried out.

JAEA Reports

Study of corrosion and degradation of the objects in the nuclear reactor by microorganisms (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Keio University*

JAEA-Review 2021-048, 181 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-048.pdf:14.5MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Study of corrosion and degradation of the objects in the nuclear reactor by microorganisms" conducted in FY2019 and FY2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for two fiscal years were summarized. The purpose of the study is to obtain knowledge related to microorganisms that will be useful in the decommissioning process of 1F. Therefore, we clarified the current conditions of the microbial community inhabiting the power plant and its premises. Environmental samples were taken from several sites such as, topsoil from the south of the plant site boundary (south of the treated water tanks), seabed soil and its above water near the plant, surface water 3km offshore …

JAEA Reports

Research and development of the sample-return technique for fuel debris using the unmanned underwater vehicle (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology*

JAEA-Review 2021-049, 67 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-049.pdf:7.54MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Research and development of the sample-return technique for fuel debris using the unmanned underwater vehicle" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to develop a fuel debris sampling device that comprises a neutron detector with radiation resistance and enhanced neutron detection efficiency, an end-effector with powerful cutting and collection capabilities, and a manipulator under the Japan-UK joint research team. We will also develop a fuel debris sampling system that can be mounted on an unmanned vehicle. In addition, we will develop a positioning system to identify the system position, and a technique to project the counting information of optical cameras, sonar, …

JAEA Reports

The Study of oxidative stress status in the organs exposed to low dose/low dose-rate radiation (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Tohoku University*

JAEA-Review 2021-050, 82 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-050.pdf:2.89MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "The study of oxidative stress status in the organs exposed to low dose/low dose-rate radiation" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to investigate the biological effects of low dose/low dose-rate radiation exposure, which is of great social interest, on the oxidative stress status of individual organs and will contribute to the collection of scientific data in a dose range to be required. An interdisciplinary collaborative study discussed the correlation between radiation dose and the biological effect by analyzing the samples of wild Japanese macaques exposed to radiation due to the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and of animal experiments.

JAEA Reports

Development of environmental mitigation technology with novel water purification agents (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Shinshu University*

JAEA-Review 2021-051, 81 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-051.pdf:4.03MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of environmental mitigation technology with novel water purification agents" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to develop a reusable adsorbent for strontium ions through joint research between Japan and the United Kingdom, and to reduce the amount of used adsorbent generated through the decontamination process. The basic strategy of this research is to produce adsorbents and examine their Sr adsorption performance at Shinshu University. The structural analyses of the adsorbents are conducted by the Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) and the UK teams.

JAEA Reports

Establishing a new evaluation system to characterize radiation carcinogenesis by stem cell dynamics (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology*

JAEA-Review 2021-052, 52 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-052.pdf:2.63MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Establishing a new evaluation system to characterize radiation carcinogenesis by stem cell dynamics" conducted in FY2020. In this study, the long-term clonal expansion of mammary stem cells after high- to low-dose radiation exposure was investigated using stem-cell lineage tracing technology that can permanently label stem cells and their progenies. The purpose of this study is to characterize radiation-induced breast cancer based on the dynamics of radiation-exposed stem cells by capturing proliferation and analyzing it using a mathematical model.

JAEA Reports

Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory Project; Investigation report for the 2020 fiscal year

Nakayama, Masashi

JAEA-Review 2021-053, 133 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Review-2021-053.pdf:14.45MB

The Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory (URL) Project is being pursued by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The main aim of this project is to enhance the reliability of relevant disposal technologies for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste through a comprehensive research and development (R&D) program in the deep geological environment within the host sedimentary rock at Horonobe in Hokkaido, north Japan. In fiscal year 2020, JAEA continued R&D on three important issues specified in the "Horonobe Underground Research Plan from Fiscal Year 2020", which involve "Study on nearfield system performance in geological environment", "Demonstration of repository design options", and "Understanding of buffering behavior of sedimentary rock to natural perturbations". Specifically, 'full scale engineered barrier system (EBS) experiment' and 'solute transport experiment' were carried out as part of "Study on near-field system performance in geological environment". 'Development and testing of EBS emplacement / retrieval and tunnel closure technologies' and 'evaluation of EBS behavior over 100$$^{circ}$$C' were addressed for "Demonstration of repository design options". A study on "Understanding of buffering behavior of sedimentary rock to natural perturbations" was also implemented in two areas, 'evaluation of hydromechanical responses of faults to water pressure changes' and 'development of techniques for evaluating self-sealing behavior of an excavation damaged zone after backfilling'. The results of the R&D, along with those obtained in other departments of JAEA, will reinforce the technical basis for both repository implementation and safety regulation. For the sake of this, JAEA will steadily proceed with this project in collaboration with relevant organizations and universities both domestically and internationally and also widely publish the plans and results of the R&D to ensure their transparency and technical reliability.

JAEA Reports

Annual report of Engineering Services Department on JFY2020

Engineering Services Department

JAEA-Review 2021-054, 85 Pages, 2022/01

JAEA-Review-2021-054.pdf:95.12MB

The Engineering Services Department is in charge of operation and maintenance of utility facilities (water distribution systems, electricity supply systems, steam generation systems and drain water systems etc.) in whole of the institute. And also is in charge of operation and maintenance of specific systems (power receiving and transforming facilities, an emergency electric power supply system, an air/liquid waste treatment system, a compressed air supply system) in nuclear reactor facilities, nuclear fuel treatment facilities and usual facilities or buildings. In addition, the department is in charge of maintenance of buildings, design and repair of electrical/mechanical equipments. This annual report describes summary of activities, operation and maintenance data and technical developments of the department carried out in JFY 2020. We hope that this report may help to future work.

JAEA Reports

Examination of exposure management method for the eye lens at Oarai Research and Development Institute

Matsuoka, Amane; Yasumune, Takashi; Kojima, Nobuhiro; Miyauchi, Hideaki; Takasaki, Koji; Hashimoto, Makoto

JAEA-Review 2021-055, 11 Pages, 2021/12

JAEA-Review-2021-055.pdf:1.12MB

The dose limit for the eye lens was lowered on April 1 2021, and a 3 mm dose equivalent was added to the calculation. The guidelines require that lens dosimeters be worn and managed when there is a risk of exceeding control standards. In this report, in order to examine future management methods, we investigated whether work that might exceed the equivalent dose limit was performed in the past. As a result of the investigation, the exposure dose for all works after fiscal year 2008 was sufficiently low compared to the equivalent dose limit. For this reason, it is considered that there is no need for additional management of wearing a personal dosimeter near the eyes for the work that is normally performed. In the future, as in the past, the basic management method will be to wear a dosimeter only on the basic part of the trunk under uniform exposure conditions, and to wear a dosimeter on the basic part of the trunk and the maximum dose part under nonuniform exposure conditions. When performing work with a high exposure dose to the eye lens, a dosimeter should be worn near the eye to measure the 3 mm dose equivalent.

JAEA Reports

Development of extremely small amount analysis technology for fuel debris analysis (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Tohoku University*

JAEA-Review 2021-056, 98 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Review-2021-056.pdf:9.08MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of extremely small amount analysis technology for fuel debris analysis" conducted in FY2020. The fuel debris retrieved from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F) is analyzed in the second building of the Okuma Analysis and Research Center. The characteristics of fuel debris, such as the mixture of nuclear fuel, reactor components, and concrete, are not clear, and its analysis will be the first attempt in the world. Understanding the properties of fuel debris is necessary for handling, criticality control, storage control, etc. A key technique is the chemical analysis of actinide nuclides. We develop sample pretreatment technology and separation/analysis process required for chemical analysis.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the activities of safety in J-PARC, FY2020

Safety Division, J-PARC Center

JAEA-Review 2021-057, 129 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Review-2021-057.pdf:6.99MB

This annual report describes the activities on radiation safety and general safety in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) in FY 2020. Activities on radiation safety such as radiation control in each facility, environmental monitoring, individual monitoring, maintenance of monitoring instruments and other activities on radiation matters are represented, and activities of general safety such as safety committees, meetings, lectures, trainings and periodical checks are described. In addition, activities on promotion of safety culture and the technological developments and research on safety issues are also summarized in each separate section.

JAEA Reports

Investigation of environment induced property change and cracking behavior in fuel debris (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; The University of Tokyo*

JAEA-Review 2021-058, 75 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Review-2021-058.pdf:4.82MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Investigation of environment induced property change and cracking behavior in fuel debris" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to investigate the environment induced property change and cracking behavior in fuel debris from the viewpoints of materials science. The research objective is cracking behavior in fuel debris which is presumed to be influenced by environment during long-term fuel debris processing period. The degradation models will be established to simulate the oxidation and hydrogenation processes possibly occurred at fuel debris.

JAEA Reports

Development of genetic and electrochemical diagnosis and inhibition technologies for invisible corrosion caused by microorganisms (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; National Institute for Materials Science*

JAEA-Review 2021-059, 71 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Review-2021-059.pdf:4.25MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of genetic and electrochemical diagnosis and inhibition technologies for invisible corrosion caused by microorganisms" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to develop innovative diagnostic techniques such as accelerated test specimens and on-site genetic testing for microbially induced and accelerated corrosion of metallic materials (microbially influenced corrosion, MIC), and to identify the conditions that promote MIC at 1F for proposing methods to prevent MIC through water quality and environmental control.

JAEA Reports

Development of rapid and sensitive radionuclide analysis method by simultaneous analysis of $$beta$$, $$gamma$$, and X-rays (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Japan Chemical Analysis Center*

JAEA-Review 2021-060, 105 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-060.pdf:4.59MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of rapid and sensitive radionuclide analysis method by simultaneous analysis of $$beta$$, $$gamma$$, and X-rays" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to enable rapid analysis of radionuclides in fuel debris and waste, and develops the measurement system such as multiple $$gamma$$-ray detection method. We develop a spectral determination method (SDM method) for integrated analysis by constructing a spectral database for nuclides including $$beta$$-rays and X-rays by measurement using this system and radiation simulation calculation. This method enables simultaneous quantification of multiple nuclides and reduces the chemical separation process.

JAEA Reports

Internal dose examination by WBC for the Fukushima residents (Review)

Takeyasu, Masanori; Fujiwara, Kenso

JAEA-Review 2021-061, 11 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-061.pdf:1.78MB

Internal dose examination by whole body counter (WBC) for the Fukushima residents (hereinafter referred to as "Fukushima WBC examination") is being conducted by the Fukushima Prefecture. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency has cooperated continually from the starting of the Fukushima WBC examination. In this paper, the Fukushima WBC examination were reviewed such as the results of the examination and the correspondence to the questions from the residents. Also, as a reference, the results of examinations were shown which were conducted by the other organizations and opened to the public.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant FY2020

Nakada, Akira; Nakano, Masanao; Kanai, Katsuta; Seya, Natsumi; Nishimura, Shusaku; Nemoto, Masashi; Tobita, Keiji; Futagawa, Kazuo; Yamada, Ryohei; Uchiyama, Rei; et al.

JAEA-Review 2021-062, 163 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Review-2021-062.pdf:2.87MB

Environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant has been performed by the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, based on "Safety Regulations for the Reprocessing Plant of Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Chapter IV - Environmental Monitoring". This annual report presents the results of the environmental monitoring and the dose estimation to the hypothetical inhabitant due to the radioactivity discharged from the plant to the atmosphere and the sea during April 2020 to March 2021. In this report, some data include the influence of the accidental release from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (the trade name was changed to Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. on April 1, 2016) in March 2011. Appendices present comprehensive information, such as monitoring programs, monitoring methods, monitoring results and their trends, meteorological data and discharged radioactive wastes. In addition, the data which were influenced by the accidental release and exceeded the normal range of fluctuation in the monitoring, were evaluated.

JAEA Reports

Waste Technical Standards Working Group annual report 2020

Waste Technical Standards Working Group

JAEA-Review 2021-063, 85 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-063.pdf:4.01MB

Japan Atomic Energy Agency has set up a Waste Technical Standards Working Group within the Sector of Decommissioning and Radioactive Wastes Management of Japan Atomic Energy Agency as of FY2015. In this Working Group, we discussed methods for corresponding to the technical standards on confirmation related to waste disposal, etc. This annual report summarizes the results of discussion in FY2020 regarding a revision of the Operational Procedures Manual for Quality Control of Radioactive Waste Disposal based on a consideration of an acceleration on waste segregation and optimization of decommissioning waste processing. Moreover, measures which is dealt with the revision of the regulation were examined.

JAEA Reports

Proceedings of the Workshop for Constructing New Materials Testing Reactor; December 22-23, 2020, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Department of JMTR

JAEA-Review 2021-064, 201 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-064.pdf:22.0MB

In the "The study committee on Post-JMTR" which aims at discussing for the construction of a new materials testing reactor as Post JMTR, it was proposed to hold a workshop to promote the public understanding and to hear the opinions of utilization needs. In addition, it was proposed that the workshop be held regularly as a place for exchanging opinions about ideal way of the new materials testing reactor, and that discussing be held with no limit to Japan. In response to these proposals, the workshop was held to discuss the construction of the new materials testing reactor. This workshop was held with the aim of clarifying the utilization needs of the new materials testing reactor. In the workshop, it was given lecture on safety improvement of light-water reactors, nuclear research and development of new and next-generation reactors, scientific and academic research of basic research on materials, and industrial applications for RI production by stakeholders in industry and academia. In addition, panel discussions were held to freely discuss the utilization needs required for the new materials testing reactor, the ideal situation of irradiation functions in Japan, and the operation and use of facilities. This proceeding is a compilation of these presentations and others.

JAEA Reports

Aomori Research and Development Center Operations Report; FY 2018

Aomori Research and Development Center

JAEA-Review 2021-065, 54 Pages, 2022/06

JAEA-Review-2021-065.pdf:4.0MB

Aomori Research and Development Center consists of Nuclear Facilities Management Section, General Affairs and Purchase Section, Facility Maintenance and Engineering Section, AMS Management Section and Nuclear Fuel Cycle Cooperation Office. Each sections are carrying out management of facility operation, decommissioning of reactor facility, etc. to achieve the Medium to long-term plan. In this report, the activities of Aomori Research and Development Center are described to contribute to future facility management and business promotion.

JAEA Reports

Annual report for FY2020 on activities of decommissioning and radioactive waste management

Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning and Waste Management Technology Development

JAEA-Review 2021-066, 143 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-066.pdf:8.28MB

This annual report summarizes the activities of decommissioning and radioactive waste management in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) in the period from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. To reduce a risk of storage of high-level radioactive liquid waste, design of the 3rd melter was conducted with considering trouble occurred in 2nd melter operation in July 2019 at Tokai Vitrification Facility of Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP) of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories (NCL). Decommissioning activities were carried out according to the annual plan. As technology development pertaining to process of radioactive wastes, activities were carried out according to the annual plan. In NCL, technology of immobilization for radioactive waste has been developed to keep the safety. In Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, a uranium measurement technology, environmental research and decontamination technology has been developed for uranium waste management.

JAEA Reports

Annual report of Nuclear Science Research Institute, JFY2017

Nuclear Science Research Institute, Sector of Nuclear Science Research

JAEA-Review 2021-067, 135 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-067.pdf:7.31MB

Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI) is composed of Planning and Coordination Office and six departments, namely Department of Operational Safety Administration, Department of Radiation Protection, Engineering Services Department, Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, Department of Fukushima Technology Development and Department of Decommissioning and Waste Management, and each departments manage facilities and develop related technologies to achieve the "Middle-term Plan" successfully and effectively. In order to contribute the future research and development and to promote management business, this annual report summarizes information on the activities of NSRI of JFY 2017 as well as the activity on research and development carried out by the Nuclear Safety Research Center, Advanced Science Research Center, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Materials Sciences Research Center, and development activities of Nuclear Human Resources Development Center, using facilities of NSRI.

JAEA Reports

Research and development in the fiscal year 2020 in Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center; Topics

Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center

JAEA-Review 2021-068, 52 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Review-2021-068.pdf:3.2MB

This report outlines some main research and development activities executed by the Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center in FY2020. The Center was working on the development of the nuclear fuel cycle with a focus on its frontend (i.e., uranium exploration, mining, refining, conversion, and enrichment) until 2001, and is now dismantling and removing the facilities and equipment used in the past. In addition, based on the concept of "Uranium and environmental research platform" announced in 2016, we are also working on research and development for the safe processing and disposal of uranium wastes to steadily keep the decommissioning. This research and development can be mainly divided into "Environmental research" and "Uranium waste engineering research"; the former takes advantage of the characteristics of the natural environment in Ningyo-toge, and the latter utilizes our facilities and potentials. Some works are also made on the radiation effect research in terms of health physics and radiobiology as well as safety development. Regarding "Environmental research", this report describes the research technique of faults and fractures for granite, the behavior of radionuclides in the environment, and the speed-up of numerical calculation. As for "Uranium waste engineering research", the separation of the coating film by laser, the decontamination using acidic electrolyzed water and ultrasonic cleaning, and the gamma-ray-based assessment of uranium amount are reported. Further, the establishment of the monitoring system at mining facilities against natural disasters, the measurement and dosimetry of radon progeny, and the biological effects of radiation are reported. The achievements of those works have been widely presented through research papers etc.

JAEA Reports

Annual report for FY2019 on the activities of Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development (April 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020)

Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development, Fukushima Research Insitute

JAEA-Review 2021-069, 40 Pages, 2022/05

JAEA-Review-2021-069.pdf:2.45MB

Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development (NARREC) was established in Japan Atomic Energy Agency to promote a decommissioning work of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (Fukushima Daiichi NPS). NARREC consists of a Full-scale Mock-up Test Building and Research Management Building. Various test facilities are installed in these buildings for the decommissioning work of Fukushima Daiichi NPS. These test facilities are intended to be used for various users, such as companies engaged in the decommissioning work, research and development institutions, educational institutions, etc. The number of NARREC facility users was 64 in FY2019. We participated booth exhibitions and presentations on the decommissioning related events. Moreover, we also contributed to the development of human resources by supporting the 4th Creative Robot Contest for Decommissioning for simulated fuel debris recovery task utilizing a mock-up made of cardboard. This report summarizes the activities of NARREC in FY2019, such as the utilization of facilities and equipment of NARREC, the development of remote control technologies for supporting the decommissioning work, arrangement of the remote control machines for emergency response, and training for operators by using the machines. Incidentally, the site tour of NARREC was called off from March to June 2020 because of the COVID-19.

JAEA Reports

Study on rational treatment/disposal of contaminated concrete waste considering leaching alteration (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Hokkaido University*

JAEA-Review 2021-070, 98 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-070.pdf:4.75MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2020, this report summarizes the research results of the "Study on rational treatment/disposal of contaminated concrete waste considering leaching alteration" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to understand migration behaviors of radionuclides in relation to the properties of concrete materials altered due to leaching, to develop a model to simulate the migration behaviors based on the experimental findings, and to analyze waste management scenarios for radioactive concrete. The focus of the study is the underground concrete structures of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which is in contact with contaminated water.

JAEA Reports

Annual report for FY2020 on the activities of radiation safety in Nuclear Science Research Institute etc. (April 1, 2020 - March 31, 2021)

Department of Radiation Protection, Nuclear Science Research Institute; Nuclear Facilities Management Section, Aomori Research and Development Center

JAEA-Review 2021-071, 119 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-071.pdf:4.59MB

This annual report describes the activities in the 2020 fiscal year of Department of Radiation Protection in Nuclear Science Research Institute, Harima Synchrotron Radiation Radioisotope Laboratory and Nuclear Facilities Management Section in Aomori Research and Development Center. The activities described are environmental monitoring, radiation protection practices in workplaces, individual monitoring, maintenance of monitoring instruments, and research and development of radiation protection. At these institutes the occupational exposures did not exceed the dose limits. The radioactive gaseous and liquid discharges from the facilities were well below the prescribed limits. The research and development activities produced certain results in the fields of radiation protection technique.

JAEA Reports

Annual report of Nuclear Science Research Institute, JFY2018

Nuclear Science Research Institute, Sector of Nuclear Science Research

JAEA-Review 2021-072, 141 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-072.pdf:7.14MB

Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI) is composed of Planning and Management Department and six departments, namely Department of Operational Safety Administration, Department of Radiation Protection, Engineering Services Department, Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, Department of Criticality and Hot Examination Technology and Department of Decommissioning and Waste Management, and each department manages facilities and develops related technologies to achieve the "Medium- to Long-term Plan" successfully and effectively. In order to contribute the future research and development and to promote management business, this annual report summarizes information on the activities of NSRI of JFY 2018 as well as the activity on research and development carried out by Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Nuclear Safety Research Center, Advanced Science Research Center, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center and Materials Science Research Center, and activities of Nuclear Human Resource Development Center, using facilities of NSRI.

JAEA Reports

Research on factor analysis and technical process for achieving denuclearisation; Investigation on Libya's case

Tamai, Hiroshi; Tazaki, Makiko; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori

JAEA-Review 2021-073, 19 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-073.pdf:1.51MB

As a part of "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Process for Achieving Denuclearisation", investigation on Libya's cases of nuclear development and denuclearisation, and analysis of its characteristics have been conducted. Libya had been suspected that dictator Qadaffi had an interest in the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) since early 1970s after his revolution. US and UK intelligence were focusing on Libya's situation; however, actual status was not revealed for a long time. In 1980s, Libya faced to economic exhaustion due to sanctions from the international community against Libya's supporting terrorism. Libya decided to abandon WMD development and its denuclearisation in early 2000s. Several factors to prompt Libya's decisions can be highlighted; economic sanctions; witnessing regime collapse of President Hussein due to Iraq War who aimed at WMD; revealing secret procurement of centrifuge equipment through the inspection of German-flagged ships by US. Libya's denuclearisation was rapidly implemented to prevent Libya from reverting to nuclear development through well-coordinated roles among main players, quick decisions by Libyan side, and warning effect of Iraqi case. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) played a central role in the verification of all related facilities and activities in Libya. Through safeguards activities beyond those permitted by Additional Protocol (AP), IAEA evaluated the whole Libya's nuclear programme. The denuclearisation was successfully completed by removal of nuclear materials and related equipment from Libya. It was also revealed that Libya's technological capabilities had not well developed to utilize procured materials and equipment. Libya's case is regarded in the international community as a good practice of denuclearisation. On the other hand, Qadaffi administration was overthrown by the democratisation movement that occurred after denuclearisation. It might be understood as a miserable end

JAEA Reports

Basic study for on-line monitoring of tiny particles including alpha emitters by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Osaka University*

JAEA-Review 2021-074, 104 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-074.pdf:4.91MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Basic study for on-line monitoring of tiny particles including alpha emitters by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectroscopy" conducted in FY2019 and FY2020. Since the final year of this proposal was FY2020, the results for two fiscal years were summarized. The present study aims to conduct a feasibility study of Aerosol time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (ATOFMS) to on-line measurement of tiny particles containing alpha emitters which might be dispersed in cutting the debris in reactors of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station for realizing their real-time monitoring.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the present state and activities of the Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories in fiscal year 2019

Radiation Protection Department

JAEA-Review 2021-075, 174 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-075.pdf:7.16MB

This annual report summarizes the various activities on radiation control at the nuclear fuel cycle facilities in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, which were undertaken by the Radiation Protection Department in fiscal year (FY) 2019. In the Laboratories, the Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP), MOX fuel fabrication facilities, the Chemical Processing Facility (CPF), and various other radioisotopes and uranium research laboratories have been operated. The Radiation Protection Department is responsible for the radiation control in and around the facilities, including personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, consultation on radiological work planning and evaluation, monitoring of gaseous and liquid waste effluents, environmental monitoring, radiological standards, maintenance of radiation monitoring instruments, quality management, and the related research. In FY 2019, the results of radiological monitoring showed the situation to be normal, and no radiological incident or accident occurred. The maximum annual effective dose to radiation workers was 5.3 mSv, and the mean annual effective dose was 0.1 mSv. Individual doses were kept within the annual dose limit specified in the safety regulations. The maximum estimated effective dose caused by gaseous and liquid effluents from the TRP to imaginary members of the public around the Laboratories was 1.6$$times$$10$$^{-4}$$ mSv. The environmental monitoring and effluent control were performed appropriately in compliance with safety regulations and standards. Due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, some of the measurement data did not fall within the normal range, but it was confirmed that the facilities of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, such as the TRP, did not have any impact on the environment. As for the quality management activities, the inspection by the government, the internal audit, and the maintenance to revise the documents have been continued in accordance with

JAEA Reports

Research on factor analysis and technical process for achieving denuclearization; Case study and factor analysis of denuclearization

Tazaki, Makiko; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Tamai, Hiroshi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori

JAEA-Review 2021-076, 108 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-076.pdf:3.89MB

In order to find ways to lead the denuclearization successfully, effectively, and efficiently in the future, "Research on factor analysis and technical process for achieving denuclearization" has been conducted since 2018. This report covers the first half of the research, namely "Factor analysis for denuclearization", summarizing the results of the case study and factor analysis of denuclearization. First, South Africa, Iraq, Libya, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, North Korea, Iran and Syria were selected as the initial research target countries, and the history of nuclear development as well as characteristics of denuclearization in each country were investigated and analyzed. Next, in order to consider the measures for the international community to lead the denuclearization of the target countries, eight main denuclearization factors ((1) Motivation for nuclear development, (2) Internal and external situation at the time of the denuclearization, (3) Progress of nuclear development, (4) Effects of sanctions, (5) International framework for denuclearization, (6) Incentives for denuclearization, (7) Denuclearization method, (8) Verification method/verifier) were found out. Finally, the contents of each denuclearization factor from (1) to (8)) in above target countries except Syria were analyzed, together with whether each factor was effective for denuclearization or not. In addition, in order to lead denuclearization effectively and efficiently, what should be done in relation to the eight factors were considered. These results are expected to serve as a basis for research on the technological process of denuclearization, and to help considering the way to accomplish denuclearization.

JAEA Reports

Development of stable solidification technique of ALPS sediment wastes by apatite ceramics (Contract research); FY2020 Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project

Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology*

JAEA-Review 2021-077, 217 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Review-2021-077.pdf:12.34MB

The Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), had been conducting the Nuclear Energy Science & Technology and Human Resource Development Project (hereafter referred to "the Project") in FY2020. The Project aims to contribute to solving problems in the nuclear energy field represented by the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). For this purpose, intelligence was collected from all over the world, and basic research and human resource development were promoted by closely integrating/collaborating knowledge and experiences in various fields beyond the barrier of conventional organizations and research fields. The sponsor of the Project was moved from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to JAEA since the newly adopted proposals in FY2018. On this occasion, JAEA constructed a new research system where JAEA-academia collaboration is reinforced and medium-to-long term research/development and human resource development contributing to the decommissioning are stably and consecutively implemented. Among the adopted proposals in FY2019, this report summarizes the research results of the "Development of stable solidification technique of ALPS sediment wastes by apatite ceramics" conducted in FY2020. The present study aims to establish an apatite solidification process of radioactive sediment wastes, which were generated from the ALPS process manipulating the large amount of contaminated water from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. In FY2020, the synthetic scheme and elemental composition were updated to precipitation method to accept the actual ALPS sediment wastes in engineering scale. The synthesis of apatite or phosphate wastes and their molding conditions were surveyed, and the relations among elemental compositions, structures and chemical properties were clarified.

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