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Actinides and transactinides

アクチノイドおよび超アクチノイド

永目 諭一郎* ; 佐藤 哲也   ; Kratz, J. V.*

Nagame, Yuichiro*; Sato, Tetsuya; Kratz, J. V.*

本論文では、安定線から遠く離れた重核や新元素の合成、重核の核分裂を含むエキゾチックな核崩壊特性の研究、重アクチニドや超アクチニドの化学的性質の研究など、最近の研究の進展を簡単にまとめた。電磁分離器を用いたin-flight分離後の単一原子検出の実験技術は、新しい重元素の発見に画期的な進展をもたらした。また、一原子ずつ化学反応を行う自動迅速化学分離装置の開発も、超アクチノイドの化学研究の進展に大きく貢献した。最先端の技術を駆使して重アクチノイドや超アクチノイドの製造と化学的特性評価の新境地を開拓する重要な実験を紹介する。これまでのアクチノイド元素と超アクチノイド元素研究と、将来的に重元素の核・化学研究を発展させるためのいくつかの展望を簡単に紹介する。

This article gives a brief summary of the recent progress in the synthesis of new elements as well as heavy nuclei far from the stability line and in the studies of exotic nuclear decay properties including nuclear fission of heavy nuclei and chemical characterization of heavy actinides and transactinides. Experimental techniques of single-atom detection after in-flight separation with electromagnetic separators have made a breakthrough in discovery of new heavy isotopes. Development of automated rapid chemical separation apparatuses performing one atom-at-a-time chemistry has also considerably contributed to the progress of chemical studies of the transactinides. Some key experiments exploring new frontiers of the production and chemical characterization of heavy actinides and transactinides using state-of-the-art techniques are demonstrated. A short historical perspective of actinide and transactinide elements and some prospects of extending nuclear and chemical studies of heavy elements in the future are briefly presented.

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