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Natural Analogue Study of Volcanic Glass; A Case Study of Basaltic Glasses in Pyroclastic Fall Deposits of Fuji Volcano, Japan

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新井 隆; 湯佐 泰久; 佐々木 憲明; 角田 直己; 高野 仁*

Arai, Takashi; Yusa, Yasuhisa; Sasaki, Noriaki; Tsunoda, Naomi; Takano, Hitoshi*

高レベルガラス固化体の地層処分における長期の変質挙動を解明するため、富士火山噴山物中の玄武岩質火山ガラスの変質について調査を行った。従来の研究では、火力ガラスの変質速度は環境条件によってかなりの幅を持つことが報告されているが、環境条件について詳細な検討が行われていない。本研究では宝永スコリア(280年前)と砂沢スコリア(2800年前)という比較新しい火山噴出物を研究対象とし、気象データや地下水の分析に基づき環境条件を明確にした上で変質速度や変質層の性状について検討した。ガラスの変質温度は約13$$^{circ}$$C、地下水の流量は0.2l/CM2/yと見積もられ、この条件下で淡水と反応したガラスの変質速度は数$$mu$$m/1000yであることがわかった。これらの玄武岩質ガラスに形成された変質層の形態は、侵出試験でホウケイ酸ガラスに形成された変質層と類似していた。また地下水中の元素濃度は、ガラスの侵出の結果としてほぼ説明されることがわかった。 なお、本論文は1988年10月にベルリンで開催されたMaterials Research SocietyのScientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management第12回国際シンポジウムでの発表をまとめたものである。

A considerable range in alteration rates of basaltic glasses in various environments has been reported in previous studies. However, these studies paid only cursory attention to the environmental conditions under which the glass had been altered. In this study, the alteration of basaltic glasses was investigated and the environmental conditions and the alteration rate were discussed. Two sample ages were represented: 280 years and 2800 years. Basaltic glasses and their alteration layers were analyzed by electron probe microanalyzer (EMPA) and the thickness of the alteration layers were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ground water collected near the sampling point of Zunazawa Scoria (2800 years) and the pore water of both samples were analyzed. The alteration temperature and flow rate of water are estimated to be about 13$$^{circ}$$C and 0.2 l/m$$^{2}$$/y respectively on the basis of meteorological data. The alteration layers of young aged basaltic glasses in freshwater conditions are similar to those of leached borosilicate glasses. The alteration rates of these basaltic glasses are estimated to be several $$mu$$m/1000y. The elemental concentrations in the ground water can be roughly explained as the result of leaching of the glasses.

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