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旧廃棄物処理建家の除染技術の検討

Development of chemical decontamination method for old Waste Treatment Facility

福田 誠司; 近藤 等士; 大久保 利行

Fukuda, Seiji; Kondo, Hitoshi; Okubo, Toshiyuki

旧廃棄物処理建家(旧JWTF)は、2010年から本格解体を行う予定である。解体時の作業員の被ばくを低減するため、解体前に高放射性物質で汚染された機器の系統化学除染を行い、作業場所の線量率の低減を図ることを検討している。本研究では、二次廃棄物の発生量と廃液処理費を低減する観点から、除染剤の選定を行い、ホット試験で除染効果(除染係数DF)の評価を行うと共に、最も高いDFが得られた除染剤を使用した除染システムの概念検討を行った。ホット試験の結果、目標とするDFが得られなかった機器に対しては、二次廃棄物の発生量と廃液処理費の増加に繋がる要素はあるが、より強力な除染剤(機器母材を溶解して放射性物質を除去する除染剤)の適用が必要である。そこで、コールド試験でステンレス鋼に対する溶解速度を評価した。ホット試験およびコールド試験を通して得られた主な結果を以下に示す。(1)水酸化ナトリウムと硝酸の交互浸漬による除染で、最も高いDFが得られた(最大DF=10.7、80$$^{circ}$$C)。(2)除染システムは、除染剤を貯留する薬注タンク、洗浄水を貯留する洗浄水タンク、除染剤および洗浄水を除染対象機器に供給する供給ポンプ、除染剤および洗浄水中の放射性物質を除去するフィルタで構成する。(3)試験片を、室温で除染剤(塩酸、硫酸、硝酸とフッ化水素酸の混酸)に24時間浸漬した。この結果、硝酸とフッ化水素酸の混酸は、他の除染剤に比べて、著しく溶解速度が大きいことが分かった(7.43$$mu$$m/日)。

The Old Waste Treatment Facility of JOYO(0ld JWTF), operation of which stopped in 1995, is scheduled to be dismantled starting in 2010. In order to reduce worker's radiation exposure, it is necessary to reduce radiation dose rate of the main equipments by system chemical decontamination before dismantling. In thjs research, the decontamination solutions were selected in view of reduction of consequential waste amount and expense of treatment of decontamination waste. We evaluated decontamination factor (DF) in test with contaminated samples (Hot test). Moreover we performed a conceptual design of the decontamination system using the decontamination solution that obtained the highest DF in hot test. The solution selected in hot test did not achieve the target DF to all equipments. For some equipment more aggressive solutions, which dissolve contaminants and base metal, would be needed, however using these solutions would tend to increase consequential waste amount and expense of treatment of decontamination waste. Therefore, we evaluated the dissolution rate of these solutions for stainless steels in test with non-contaminated samples (Cold test). The main result of obtaining through the hot test and the cold test is shown below.(1)By alternating immersions in sodium hydroxide solution and nitric acid, the highest DF was obtained. (Maximum of DF=10.7, 80 deg-C). (2)The decontamination system is composed of two decontamination solution tanks, a washing water tank, a pump that supplies decontamination solutions and washing water, and filters for removing contaminants. (3)The test samples were immersed in various solutions (HN03 + HF, HCl, H2S04) for 24 hours at room temperature. As a result, it was confirmed that the dissolution rate of HN03 + HF is remarkably large compared with other solutions (7.43 micro-m/day).

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