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Applications of ionizing radiation to environmental conservation

放射線の環境保全への応用

広田 耕一

Hirota, Koichi

放射線は環境負荷物質の分解に有効な高度処理技術の1つであり、大気や水への直接照射により生成させた活性種を利用して環境負荷物質を処理することができる。大気に放射線を照射するとN$$_{2}$$$$^{+}$$, O, OHなどの化学種が生成するが、この中でOHは環境中の有害物質を効率的に酸化分解できる最も重要な活性種である。一方、水中の有機化合物の処理ではOHと水和電子が酸化反応の役割を担う。放射線による環境負荷物質の分解では、線源として電子線と$$gamma$$線が利用されるが、放射線管理や運転の容易さ等の点で電子線の普及が進んでいる。本研究では、基礎的な実験結果を踏まえ、NO$$_{x}$$とSO$$_{2}$$,ダイオキシン類,染色廃液など環境負荷物質の処理パイロット試験及び実証試験の概要や成果について報告する。

Ionizing radiation is one of the advanced technologies for treating environmental pollutants. The technology is based on oxidation reactions with active species produced by the irradiation to media. When air is irradiated, many active species such as OH, O, and N$$_{2}$$$$^{+}$$ are produced. Among them, OH is the most important radical that can effectively oxidize harmful chemicals. On the other hand, OH and hydrated electron play roles in oxidation and reduction while treating organic compounds in water. Although $$gamma$$ ray irradiation is also an option for the treatment of various kinds of environmental pollutants, electron beam is preferable because maintaining an electron accelerator is easier and has better radiation security. On the basis of basic experiments, the pilot-scale and full-scale plants have been constructed around the world for the treatment of environmental pollutants such as NO$$_{x}$$ and SO$$_{2}$$, dioxin, VOC, and pollutants in wastewater.

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