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HTTR(高温工学試験研究炉)の高温連続運転完遂,3; 燃料の挙動

Completion of long term high temperature operation with HTTR (High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor), 3; Behaviors of HTTR fuel

植田 祥平   ; 相原 純 ; 猪井 宏幸; 梅田 政幸; 沢 和弘

Ueta, Shohei; Aihara, Jun; Inoi, Hiroyuki; Umeda, Masayuki; Sawa, Kazuhiro

高温工学試験研究炉(HTTR)による高温連続運転を完遂し、燃料から1次冷却材中へ放出される核分裂生成物(FP)の放射能濃度を、定期的な1次冷却材サンプリングによる$$gamma$$核種分析測定等により取得した。測定データをもとに燃料挙動を評価した結果、$$^{88}$$Krの放出率は約10$$^{-8}$$で推移し、設計許容値より約4桁低く、燃料は極めて優れたFP閉込め性能を示した。その最大の要因は、商用規模での製造時の被覆条件の最適化や燃料コンパクト成型時における損傷防止技術の開発によって、貫通破損率で許容値より約3桁低い実績(約2$$times$$10$$^{-6}$$)を実現したことによる。また、FP放出機構をモデル化した$$^{88}$$Krの放出率の評価値と今回の実験値はほぼ一致し、燃料温度が低温から高温となる原子炉出力の上昇に伴い、燃料からのFPガスの放出機構は反跳から温度拡散に変わること、高温連続運転においても測定されるFPは汚染ウランからの放出が支配的であることを明らかにした。

Behavior of HTTR fuel during long term high temperature operation has been examined, which was evaluated by periodical measurements of radioactivities of fission products (FPs) by primary coolant sampling. Fractional release of $$^{88}$$Kr during the operation became 10$$^{-8}$$, how is 10$$^{4}$$ times lower than the design limit. The most dominant reason for very good retention against FP in HTTR fuel was to accomplish very low initial through-coatings failure fraction at commercial fabrication, about 2$$times$$10$$^{-6}$$, how is 10$$^{3}$$ times lower than the design limit. Technical developments such as optimizations of fuel coating and compaction processes made the fuel failure fraction very low. Also, experimental results well agreed with the evaluation by FP gas release model. It was revealed that releases of FP gases from fuel change from recoil to diffusion by increasing fuel temperature as reactor power increases, and release from uranium contamination becomes dominant during this long term high temperature operation.

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