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Candidate iodides for LLFP transmutation in FR core

高速炉炉心による長寿命核分裂生成物の核変換のための候補ヨウ素化合物

舘 義昭  ; 若林 利男*

Tachi, Yoshiaki; Wakabayashi, Toshio*

放射性ヨウ素のような使用済燃料に含まれる長寿命核分裂生成物の核変換技術は、高レベル放射性廃棄物の処分に伴う環境負荷やリスクの軽減にとって非常に有望な技術である。ヨウ素は低い融点や高い蒸発性のため、また、鉄基材料に対する高い腐食性のために、高速炉炉心への適用性に優れる化合物形態を選定することが重要な課題となっている。融点や核的特性,ステンレス鋼との反応性,製造性の観点から高速炉での核変換のための候補化合物形態としてMgI$$_{2}$$, CuI, RbI, YI$$_{3}$$, BaI$$_{2}$$の5種類のヨウ素化合物を選定した。これらについて、高温での安定性を評価するためにTG-DTAを、被覆管材料との共存性を評価するために600$$^{circ}$$Cで最長5000時間の共存性試験を実施した。TG-DTAの結果、BaI$$_{2}$$は優れた高温安定性を有していることが、CuI, RbI, YI$$_{3}$$は融点付近で著しい重量損失を生じることが明らかとなった。被覆管材料との共存性試験の結果、MgI$$_{2}$$, YI$$_{3}$$と試験したSUS316鋼やPNC-FMS鋼,ODS鋼で腐食の痕跡が認められた。BaI$$_{2}$$と試験したSUS316鋼やODS鋼では、表面に酸化物層が形成されたが、これはBaI$$_{2}$$中に残留していた水分によるものであると考えられた。また、共存性試験の試験体上部においては、RbやYによるSUS316鋼の腐食が認められた。高温での安定性や被覆管材料との共存性の観点から、高速炉でのヨウ素の核変換のための化合物形態としてはBaI$$_{2}$$が有望であることが明らかとなった。

It is very attractive technique to transmute long-lived fission products such as iodine-129 included in spent fuel by using Fast Reactors (FRs) to minimize environmental burden and toxic risk due to high level waste disposal. Iodine has low melting point (386K) and low boiling points (457K) compared with FR core temperature. Furthermore, it is corrosive against iron based materials. Then, it is the most important issue to search suitable chemical forms for FR core conditions, having high stability at elevated temperature and good compatibility with cladding material. From the viewpoint of melting point, nuclides generation by neutron irradiation, reactivity with stainless steel, easy fabrication method and recyclability, 5 kinds of iodides of CuI, MgI$$_{2}$$, YI$$_{3}$$, RbI and YI$$_{3}$$ were selected as the candidate chemical form of iodine for transmutation in FR. In order to evaluate stability of the candidate iodides at elevated temperature, TG-DTA of CuI, RbI, BaI$$_{2}$$ and YI$$_{3}$$ were performed. According to TG-DTA results, no significant mass change showed in BaI$$_{2}$$ beyond those temperatures. Mass of CuI, RbI and YI$$_{3}$$ started to be lost severely at the lower temperature than their melting points. Compatibility test between iodides and cladding materials were conducted. Cladding materials in contact with iodides were heated in a capsule filled with pure Ar gas at 873K for 5000h maximum. Results of cross-section observation showed that MgI$$_{2}$$ and YI$$_{3}$$ made pit corrosion on SUS316 and ODS. It appeared that the upper part of the inner surface test capsules with RbI, YI$$_{3}$$ were degraded severely. Based on the experimental results, the most applicable iodide for transmutation by FR is BaI$$_{2}$$ from the viewpoints of stability at elevated temperature and compatibility with cladding material.

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