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MEA材料の構造・反応・物質移動解析

Analysis of structure, reaction and mass transfer in the MEA materials

小泉 智; 山口 大輔; Putra, A.

Koizumi, Satoshi; Yamaguchi, Daisuke; Putra, A.

先端的中性子小角散乱法を用いて膜電極接合体をオングストロームからマイクロメートルのマルチスケールで観察した。モデルMEAにおけるアイオノマー相分離構造(水クラスター)の存在を確認した。炭化水素系共重合体(PEEK)膜の階層構造(ミクロ相分離とイオンクラスター構造)を確認した。また、平成22年度途中から新規に着手した課題について現状を述べる。(1)触媒層における水分量を反射電子像の輝度から決定する試みで、低真空SEMを用いて触媒層の観察を行っているが、現在までに触媒層から水が蒸発する過程で、像の輝度が有為に増大することを確認した。(2)中性子小角散乱で得られた結果をマルチスケールシミュレーションによる計算結果と比較し、作動状態下の燃料電池内部の構造・物質移動の包括的な理解を深めるため東北大学の計算機シミュレーショングループとの連携を進行中である。

In order to perform a multi-scale observation on a membrane-electrolyte assembly (MEA) of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been reinforced by advanced neutron optics. A focusing ultra-small-angle scattering method was developed by using a neutron lens, which is made of a single crystal MgF$$_2$$. By combining a double crystal (Bonse-Hart) method, we are able to reach to 10 $$mu$$m length scale, which corresponds to the size of aggregation by carbon powders in an electrode layer. Polarization analysis enables us to selectively remove incoherent scattering from hydrogen atoms and to detect coherent scattering due to ion-cluster of polymer electrolyte (Nafion) and water distribution in it. In order to output structural information in real space, we examined our SANS results by comparing images in real space obtained by low vacuum SEM and multi-scale computer simulations. This year we have achieved the following tree topics: (1) Elucidation of the detailed structure consisting of nano-scale phase separated domains and ion clusters in the block copolymer type model polymer electrolytes by SANS. (2) Advanced observation for the signal originated from ion cluster in Nafion membrane on SANS profile. (3) Determination of the cluster size of water within the catalyst layer of model MEA. To detect the faint signal from the cluster of water residing in the catalyst layer we utilized various experimental techniques.

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