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Geochemical constraints on the earthquake swarm following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震後に発生した群発地震に関する地球化学的検討

梅田 浩司; 浅森 浩一; 小堀 和雄

Umeda, Koji; Asamori, Koichi; Kobori, Kazuo

2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震の直後から茨城・福島県境の沿岸域を震源とする群発地震の活動が始まり、現在も継続している。本研究では群発地震の震源域の温泉水・地下水を採取し、そこに含まれる溶存ガスの希ガス同位体を測定した。測定されたヘリウム同位体組成によれば、太平洋プレートの最上部を構成する堆積物から脱水した流体が震源域の地下に上昇している可能性が示唆される。これらのことから群発地震は、巨大海溝型地震による地殻応力の変化とそれに伴う太平洋プレートからの流体の上昇によって引き起こされたと考えられる。

Following the Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, an unusual, shallow normal-faulting swarm sequence occurred near the Pacific coast in the southeast Tohoku district. In order to provide geochemical constraints on the source of the fluids triggering the swarm activity, new helium isotope data were acquired from gas and water samples around the seismic source region. The observed $$^{3}$$He/$$^{4}$$He ratios in these samples are significantly lower than the atmospheric value of 1.4$$times$$10$$^{-6}$$, indicating that mantle helium contributed less than 10% of the total helium. Plausible sources of the fluids can be attributed to waters released from sediment porosity collapse and from smectite-illite and opal-quartz reactions in the subducting sediments, rather than dehydration reactions in subducting, altered basalts and/or hydrated mantle. The swarm earthquake sequence would have been triggered by stress changes associated with the Tohoku-Oki earthquake, enhanced by fluid flow along inherited weakened zones in the crust.

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