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障害調整生存年(DALY)を用いた放射線健康リスク指標の検討

Analysis of the risk index of radiation health using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY)

嶋田 和真 ; 甲斐 倫明*

Shimada, Kazumasa; Kai, Michiaki*

本発表は、Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)を放射線のリスク指標として用いることを提案するものである。放射線の健康リスクの指標として、がん死亡率、がん罹患率、余命損失などが利用されている。ICRPはPub.60で非致死的がんや潜伏期の違いを考慮した指標として、デトリメントを定義した。しかし、デトリメントは放射線独自の指標であるために、その数値の意味合いが社会的には理解しにくい欠点をもつ。そこで、放射線の健康リスクを他の健康リスクと同じ土俵で議論するためには共通の指標が求められる。共通の健康リスク指標として、余命と健康寿命の損失和であるDisability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)がある。DALYはハーバード大学が開発し、WHOが健康政策上の優先順位を考えるために用いることを提言している。(Murray and Lopez 1996)そこで本研究では、放射線の健康リスク指標としてDALYを計算し、DALYの有効性を議論するために従来のリスク指標との比較を行う。

In this study, we proposed that Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) to estimate radiation cancer risk in Japanese residents. Lifetime cancer mortality, incidence rate, and lives lost have been the previous indices of health risk associated with radiation protection. ICRP defined the detriment in Publication 60 by considering non-fatal cancers and the number of lives lost due to the difference in latent times. However, the detriment has the disadvantage that it can neither be appropriately interpreted nor used. Therefore, the common index is required to discuss health risk of radiation and the others. As a risk measure of both common health and environmental health, there is a disability-adjusted life year (DALY) that is developed from concepts of life lost. DALY was developed by Harvard University in 1990 and was further adopted to establish an order of priority for health issues by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, we calculated DALY to estimate radiation cancer risk and compared this with the radiation detriment to discuss the effectiveness of DALY.

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