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原子力安全文化と核セキュリティ文化の対比; 類似性と相違

Nuclear security culture in comparison with nuclear safety culture; Resemblances and differences

川太 徳夫

Kawata, Norio

核セキュリティは、9.11(2001)の米国同時多発テロ以降、広く国際社会で取り上げられ、また東日本大震災以来、原子力プラントに対する現実の重大な脅威として議論されるようなった。国際原子力機関(IAEA)は、核セキュリティ・シリーズの中で核セキュリティに係る勧告文書(INFCIRC/225/Rev.5, NSS13)を示し、このなかで核セキュリティ文化醸成の必要性を強調している。核セキュリティ文化については、種々の講演会、イベントで頻繁に議論される。核セキュリティ分野の担当者は、原子力安全分野に関係が深いこともあり、原子力安全文化と核セキュリティ文化との関連性がしばしば議論されることが見られる。本稿では、核セキュリティと原子力安全の関連性を整理し、双方の文化に対する考え方の類似性と相違、原子力事故に対する各の文化への教訓等を考察し、両者のより深い理解に資することを目的とした。

Since the terrorist attacks on the U.S. on September 11th,2001, Nuclear Security has been focused on and treated as a global issue in the international community and it has also been discussed as a real and serious threat to nuclear power plants in the world since The Great East Japan Earthquake in March, 2011. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) issued a document including Nuclear Security Recommendations (INFCIRC/225/Rev.5) (NSS 13) in the Nuclear Security Series and emphasized the necessity of fostering Nuclear Security Culture. Nuclear Security Culture has been frequently discussed at various kinds of seminars and events. Since the officials in charge of Nuclear Security are familiar with the area of Nuclear Safety, the relationships between Nuclear Safety Culture and Nuclear Security Culture have been the point in controversy. This paper clarifies relevance between Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security, considers resemblances and differences of their concepts and lessons learned for each culture from nuclear power plant accidents, and promotes deeper understanding of Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security Culture.

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