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Microscopic features of quartz and clay particles from fault gouges and infilled fractures in granite; Discriminating between active and inactive faulting

花崗岩中の断層を充填する石英や粘土鉱物粒子の微細構造; 断層ガウジの活動性の識別に向けた試み

丹羽 正和   ; 島田 耕史   ; 青木 和弘 ; 石丸 恒存 

Niwa, Masakazu; Shimada, Koji; Aoki, Kazuhiro; Ishimaru, Tsuneari

断層ガウジの活動性の評価に資するため、ガウジの粒径分析と、電子顕微鏡(SEMおよびTEM)を用いた微小粒子の観察を行った。ガウジの粒径分布は、大局的には繰り返し活動している活断層のガウジの方が細粒粒子の割合が増加する。石英粒子のSEM観察では、活断層のガウジの方が新鮮な結晶面を残す粒子が多く見られた。一方、ガウジ中の粘土鉱物のTEM観察では、活断層ガウジの粒子の方が摩耗または溶食により円摩されている傾向がある。このような傾向が生じるのは、繰り返しの断層活動により、相対的に弱い粘土鉱物が摩耗または溶食の影響を大きく受けるのに対し、花崗岩岩片の破砕、細粒化の進行により新鮮な結晶面を持つ石英粒子がガウジに多く供給されたためと考えられる。

This study focused on microscopic features using particle size analysis, SEM and TEM and identified mineralogical and textural characteristics to improve our ability to discriminate between the active and inactive gouges. Particle size distribution analysis largely shows that fault gouge in an active fault, having the most abundant finer particles, experienced repetitive shearing whereas the inactive gouges did not. SEM examination of quartz particles shows that more particles retain their primary crystal structure in the active gouge than in the inactive gouges. In contrast, observation of very fine clay minerals using TEM shows the minerals in the active gouge are abraded and corroded in equal or higher degree as the aseismic gouges. Repetitive fault activities could result in the addition of new quartz particles from the granite with preservation of primary crystal structure, whereas relatively-soft clay minerals had been affected by abrasion and dissolution.

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パーセンタイル:50.5

分野:Engineering, Geological

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