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Role of soil-to-leaf tritium transfer in controlling leaf tritium dynamics; Comparison of experimental garden and tritium-transfer model results

土壌から葉へのトリチウムの輸送が葉内トリチウム動態に及ぼす影響; 野外実験及びトリチウム移行モデルによる結果の比較

太田 雅和  ; Kwamena, N.-O. A.*; Mihok, S.*; Korolevych, V.*

Ota, Masakazu; Kwamena, N.-O. A.*; Mihok, S.*; Korolevych, V.*

環境中トリチウム移行モデルは有機結合型トリチウム(OBT)が組織自由水中トリチウム(TFWT)から直接形成されると仮定している。一方、植生中OBT/TFWT比は一定でないことが観測されている。本研究では2つのトリチウム移行モデル(CTEM-CLASS-TT及びSOLVEG-II)の計算値及びトリチウム放出施設近傍での野外実験の観測値の比較を行った。野外実験では3つの異なる灌漑(灌漑なし、低トリチウム水による灌漑及び高トリチウム水による灌漑)が施され、得られたトリチウム移行の差異は土壌から葉へのトリチウム輸送が葉内OBT/TFWT比に及ぼす影響に関する知見を与えるものであった。灌漑なし及び低トリチウム水による灌漑では、葉のTFWT及びOBT濃度の計算値は施設起因のトリチウムプルームの通過に対応した経時変化を示した。高トリチウム水による灌漑下では、土壌中の高濃度トリチウムの影響により、葉のTFWT濃度が高く維持され、OBT濃度はこのTFWT濃度と平衡となり、プルームの通過に関係なく高い値が保たれた。以上より、土壌中トリチウム濃度が高い状況では、土壌から葉へのトリチウム輸送の効果により、大気中トリチウム濃度に関係なく葉のOBT/TFWT比が決まることが明らかとなった。このことはトリチウムの経口摂取による被ばくを正確に評価するためには、トリチウム移行モデルは土壌から葉へのトリチウム輸送を厳密に考慮する必要があることを示している。

Environmental transfer models assume that organically-bound tritium (OBT) is formed directly from tissue-free water tritium (TFWT) in environmental compartments. Nevertheless, studies in the literature have shown that measured OBT/TFWT ratios are variable. The importance of soil-to-leaf HTO transfer pathway in controlling the leaf tritium dynamics is not well understood. A model inter-comparison of two tritium transfer models (CTEM-CLASS-TT and SOLVEG-II) was carried out with measured environmental samples from an experimental garden plot set up next to a tritium-processing facility. The garden plot received one of three different irrigation treatments - no external irrigation, irrigation with low tritium water and irrigation with high tritium water. The contrast between the results obtained with the different irrigation treatments provided insights into the impact of soil-to-leaf HTO transfer on the leaf tritium dynamics. Concentrations of TFWT and OBT in the garden plots that were not irrigated or irrigated with low tritium water were variable, responding to the arrival of the HTO-plume from the tritium-processing facility. In contrast, for the plants irrigated with high tritium water, the TFWT concentration remained elevated due to a continuous source of high HTO in the soil. Calculated concentrations of OBT in the leaves showed an initial increase followed by quasi-equilibration with the TFWT concentration. In this quasi-equilibrium state, concentrations of OBT remained elevated and unchanged despite the arrivals of the plume. These results from the model inter-comparison demonstrate that soil-to-leaf HTO transfer significantly affects OBT/TFWT ratio in the leaf regardless of the atmospheric HTO concentration, only if there is elevated HTO concentrations in the soil. The results of this work indicate that assessment models should be refined to consider the importance of soil-to-leaf HTO transfer to ensure that dose estimates are accurate and conservative.

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パーセンタイル:43.96

分野:Environmental Sciences

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