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Neutron diffraction under high pressure and implications for Earth sciences

高圧下における中性子回折実験と地球科学への適用

佐野 亜沙美   

Sano, Asami

水素は地球の重要な構成要素のひとつである。そのため水素を見ることのできる中性子実験は地球科学において有力なプローブとなりうる。MLFのビームラインPLANETは地球深部に相当する高温高圧条件における中性子回折実験のために建設された。高温高圧条件を達成するために、世界で初めて大型のマルチアンビルプレスを有するビームラインである。これにより50mm$$^{3}$$の試料について、12GPaまでの圧力での中性子回折実験が可能となった。当日はPLANETの紹介、および最近の成果について発表する。

Hydrogen is one of the key components of the Earth. The neutron scattering which has an advantage in detecting the hydrogen hence can become a powerful tool in the Earth science. The pressure and temperature increase with depth and approach around 14 GPa and 1400$$^{circ}$$C at the base of the upper mantle of 410 km. The difficulty of the neutron scattering experiment under such extreme conditions comes from the trade-off between pressure and the sample volume. The beamline PLANET in MLF, J-PARC aims to provide platform of neutron powder diffraction under high pressure. This is the first neutron beamline with a multi-anvil press. The large volume press that can compress the sample to over 12 GPa with the volume of approximately 50 mm$$^{3}$$ allows us to measure the powder diffraction in-situ under upper mantle conditions. The crystallographic information of minerals including hydrogen poCsition provides fundamental understanding of its properties.

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