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$$^{135}$$Cs濃度と$$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs同位体比の測定の最近の動向

Recent progress of $$^{135}$$Cs concentration and $$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs isotopic ratio measurement

島田 亜佐子 

Shimada, Asako

$$^{135}$$Csは高レベル放射性廃棄物の安全評価上の重要核種であることから、使用済燃料中濃度を定量し計算結果と比較して計算コードの改良がおこなわれてきた。その一方で、その測定の難しさから、報じられている半減期が大きな不確かさを持つなど、基本的な性質についてさえ未だはっきりしていない核種でもある。また、環境試料中の$$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs同位体比はその起源や導入時期の推定が可能であることから、核実験のグローバルフォールアウトやチェルノブイリ原子力発電所の事故などについて研究されてきたが、特に東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故以降に脚光を浴びた。環境試料の分析では、放射性Cs濃度が低いため化学分離法が開発されるとともに、質量分析計の進歩もこの分析に大きく貢献した。本稿では対象ごとの$$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs同位体比の特徴について述べるとともに、化学分離法や質量分析法の最近の動向ついても整理した。

Cesium-135 is one of the important nuclides to assess the safe disposal of High Level Waste (HLW). Therefore, the calculation code and library to evaluate the $$^{135}$$Cs concentration in HLW have been improved through comparisons with experimental results. On the other hand, even basic data of $$^{135}$$Cs, such as its half-life, have large uncertainty. Because the $$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs isotopic ratio suggests its origin and introduction date, the ratios in environmental samples are measured to study global fallout from nuclear weapons testing and nuclear accidents. Such measurement methods was attracted attention, in particular, after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Measurement of the $$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs isotopic ratio in environmental samples was challenging because the radiocesium has a very low concentration and it co-exists with huge amounts of Ba isotopes, which are isobaric interfering nuclides, are co-exist. Chemical separation methods were developed to eliminate interfering nuclides and improve the performance of the mass spectrometer to enable the measurement of the ratios. In this review, the features of the $$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs isotopic ratio for each origin and recent developments in measurement techniques are summarized.

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