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Efficient separation of americium by a mixed solvent of two extractants, a diamideamine and a nitrilotriacetamide

ジアミドアミン及びニトリロトリアセトアミドの混合溶媒を用いたアメリシウムの効果的な分離

鈴木 英哉*; 伴 康俊  

Suzuki, Hideya*; Ban, Yasutoshi

原子力機構では再処理で発生した高レベル廃液中のマイナーアクチノイド(MA)を抽出分離する新しい技術として、SELECTプロセスを提案している。SELECTプロセスにおけるMA分離は、MA及び希土類(RE)の一括回収、MAとREの分離及びAmとCmの分離ステップから構成されておいり、各ステップにおいて3種類の実用的な抽出剤が用いられている。このステップ構成は水相の硝酸濃度調整を容易にしているが、CmとNdの分離係数が小さく、多くの分離段数が必要となる。そこで、本研究ではADAAM(EH)とHONTAの混合溶媒を適用したAmのみの分離を検討した。同混合溶媒は、高硝酸濃度においてAm及び軽ランタノイド(La, Ce, Pr及びNd)を抽出し、Cm, Y及び中重ランタノイドは水相に残存した。その後、低硝酸濃度条件で軽ランタノイドは同混合溶媒から逆抽出される。さらに、Amは0.2又は5mol/Lの硝酸濃度条件で逆抽出される。この混合溶媒を使用した方法では、分離係数の小さいCmとNdとの分離を回避することができ、さらにAmは1回の抽出操作及び2回の逆抽出操作でCm及びREから分離可能であり、SELECTプロセスの分離段数の削減が見込まれる。

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has proposed the Solvent Extraction from Liquid waste using Extractants of CHON-type for Transmutation (SELECT) process by solvent extraction as a new separation technology to recover minor actinides (MA) from high-level liquid waste (HLLW) produced by spent fuel reprocessing. The MA separation in the SELECT process comprises the batch recovery of MA and rare earths (RE) from HLLW, MA/RE separation, and Am/Cm separation. Three highly practical extractants are used in the MA separation. Furthermore, this flow configuration facilitates the preparation of nitric acid concentrations in the aqueous phase. However, the separation factor between Cm and Nd in the MA/RE separation is small ($$SF$$$$_{rm Cm/Nd}$$ = 2.5), requiring many extraction stages for continuous extraction in a mixer-settler. Therefore, this study investigated the separation of only Am from an aqueous nitric acid solution containing MA (Am and Cm) and RE using an organic phase mixed with two extractants alkyl diamideamine with 2-ethylhexyl alkyl chains (ADAAM(EH)) and hexa-n-octylnitrilotriacetamide (HONTA) used in the SELECT process. Under high-concentration nitric acid conditions, Am and La, Ce, Pr, Nd (light lanthanides) were extracted in the ADAAM(EH) + HONTA mixed solvent, whereas Cm, medium, and heavy lanthanides, and Y were partitioned in the aqueous phase. Subsequently, only light lanthanides could be back extracted from the ADAAM(EH) + HONTA mixture solvent containing Am and light lanthanides in low nitric acid concentrations. Furthermore, Am could be easily stripped with 0.2 M or 5 M nitric acid. This method does not require the mutual separation of Cm and Nd, which have low separation factors. Am can be efficiently separated by one extraction and two back-extractions, reducing the number of steps in the SELECT process.

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パーセンタイル:76.52

分野:Chemistry, Analytical

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