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過酷環境における「その場」$$alpha$$エアロゾルモニタリング

In-situ alpha aerosol monitoring in harsh environments

坪田 陽一   

Tsubota, Yoichi

東京電力ホールディングス(株)福島第一原子力発電所(以下、「1F」)の廃炉作業における燃料デブリ取出し作業では、格納容器(PCV)内で放射性微粒子が発生する。特に内部被ばく影響が大きい$$alpha$$核種を含む微粒子($$alpha$$エアロゾル)のPCV内の閉じ込め対策に加え濃度のモニタリングが重要である。原子力機構の研究グループは1F-PCV内の過酷環境で$$alpha$$エアロゾルを測定するための要求事項を「高湿度環境での確実な動作」、「ろ紙を使わない$$alpha$$エアロゾル測定」、「高濃度の$$alpha$$エアロゾル測定」、「$$alpha$$エアロゾルの選択的測定」の4つに整理し、それらを満足する機器としてIn-situ Alpha Air Monitor (以下、「IAAM」)を開発した。IAAMは空気加熱、扁平型流路、$$alpha$$エアロゾルの直接測定、多チャンネル光電子増倍管、シンチレータ厚の最適化等を組み合わせた「その場」$$alpha$$エアロゾル測定装置として開発された。性能検証試験により、同機を用いた空気中の$$alpha$$エアロゾル濃度のリアルタイム測定が可能であり、1F-PCV内の想定値の30倍以上の$$alpha$$エアロゾル濃度を測定可能であることが実証された。今後は様々な現場における$$alpha$$エアロゾル濃度測定の実証をすすめ、現場への適用を目指す。

In the fuel debris retrieval process during the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), radioactive particulates are generated in the primary containment vessel (PCV). Particulates containing $$alpha$$ nuclides ($$alpha$$-aerosols), which have a particularly large internal exposure effect, are important to be monitored in addition to confinement measures in the PCV. The research group of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) summarized the four requirements for measuring $$alpha$$-aerosols in the harsh environment of the 1F-PCV as follows: "reliable operation in a high humidity environment", "measurement of $$alpha$$-aerosols without using filter paper", "measurement of high concentration of $$alpha$$-aerosols", and "selective measurement of $$alpha$$-aerosols". The IAAM was developed as an instrument that satisfies these four criteria. The IAAM was developed as an "in-situ" $$alpha$$-aerosol measurement device that combines air heating, a flat-type flow path, direct measurement of $$alpha$$-aerosol, usage of multi-channel photomultiplier tube, and an optimized scintillator thickness. Performance verification tests have demonstrated that the IAAM can be used for real-time measurement of $$alpha$$ -aerosol concentration in air, and that it can measure more than 30 times of $$alpha$$-aerosol concentration expected in the 1F-PCV. In the future, we will continue to verify the measurement of $$alpha$$-aerosol concentration at various sites and aim to apply the system to such sites.

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