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neutron diffractionZhou, Y.*; Song, W.*; Zhang, F.*; Wu, Y.*; Lei, Z.*; Jiao, M.*; Zhang, X.*; Dong, J.*; Zhang, Y.*; Yang, M.*; et al.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 971, p.172635_1 - 172635_7, 2024/01
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0(Chemistry, Physical)The grain orientation-dependent lattice strain evolution of a (TiZrHfNb)
refractory high-entropy alloy (HEA) during tensile loading has been investigated using neutron diffraction. The equivalent strain-hardening rate of each of the primary 
-oriented grain families was found to be relatively low, manifesting the macroscopically weak work-hardening ability of such a body-centered cubic (BCC)-structured HEA. This finding is indicative of a dislocation planar slip mode that is confined in a few single-slip planes and leads to in-plane softening by high pile-up stresses.
Zhang, H.*; Wu, S. C.*; Ao, N.*; Zhang, J. W.*; Li, H.*; Zhou, L.*; 徐 平光; Su, Y. H.
International Journal of Fatigue, 166, p.107296_1 - 107296_11, 2023/01
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：59.01(Engineering, Mechanical)Abnormal damages in railway axles can lead to a significant hazard to running safety and reliability. To this end, a surface treatment was selected to effectively inhibit fatigue crack initiation and growth. In this study, a single edge notch bending fatigue test campaign with artificial notches was conducted to elucidate the fatigue crack non-propagation behavior in railway S38C axles subjected to an induction hardening process. The fatigue cracking behavior in the gradient structure was revealed by optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and fractography. The microhardness distribution was measured using a Vickers tester. The obtained results show that the microhardness of the strengthening layer is nearly triple that of the matrix. Owing to the gradient microstructures and hardness, as well as compressive residual stress, the fatigue long crack propagates faster once it passes through the hardened zone (approximately 2.0 mm in the radial depth). Thereafter, local retarding (including deflection, branching, and blunting) of the long crack occurs because of the relatively coarse ferrite and pearlite in the transition region and matrix. Totally, this fatigue cracking resistance is reasonably believed to be due to the gradient microstructure and residual stress. These findings help to tailor a suitable detection strategy for maximum defects or cracks in railway axles.
Wu, P.*; 村井 直樹; Li, T.*; 梶本 亮一; 中村 充孝; 古府 麻衣子; 中島 健次; Xia, K.*; Peng, K.*; Zhang, Y.*; et al.
New Journal of Physics (Internet), 25(1), p.013032_1 - 013032_11, 2023/01
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The understanding of the lattice dynamics is essential for engineering the thermal transport properties in quantum materials. Based on the canonical point of view, acoustic phonons are believed to be the principal thermal carriers in heat flow. Here, in this work, optical phonons are elucidated to play a pivotal role in determining the lattice thermal conductivity in thermoelectric material SnS by using the state-of-the-art inelastic neutron scattering technique combined with first-principles calculations. Additionally, in contrast to acoustic phonons, optical phonons are observed to exhibit pronounced softening and broadening with temperature. Our observations not only shed light on the significance of the optical phonons in thermal transport but also provide a vital clue to suppress the propagation of optical phonons to optimize the thermoelectric performance of SnS.
Zhang, J.*; Kuang, L.*; Mou, Z.*; 近藤 俊明*; 小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子; Li, Y.*; Tang, X.*; Wang, Y.-P.*; Pe
uelas, J.*; et al.
Plant and Soil, 481(1-2), p.349 - 365, 2022/12
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：52.15(Agronomy)Soil warming effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and stabilization are highly variable, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, concentration, stability (dissolved, particle and mineral-associated SOC), and source (plant-derived and microbial-derived) of SOC, soil microbial community composition, and enzyme activities were studied in a 10-year soil warming field experiment in an East Asian monsoon forest. The results showed that 10-year soil warming significantly enhanced SOC in the top 0-10 cm soil. The increased SOC induced by warming was mainly derived from plants with lignin markers, accompanied by a decrease in microbial-derived SOC. This highlights an urgent need for a better understanding of how the contrasting effects of plant- and microbial-derived C mediate the response of the SOC pool to warming across different biomes.
BaCo(PO
)Sheng, J.*; Wang, L.*; Candini, A.*; Jiang, W.*; Huang, L.*; Xi, B.*; Zhao, J.*; Ge, H.*; Zhao, N.*; Fu, Y.*; et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(51), p.e2211193119_1 - e2211193119_9, 2022/12
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：56.47(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Although considerable progress has been made in the theoretical understanding of the low-dimensional frustrated quantum magnets, experimental realizations of a well-established scaling analysis are still scarce. This is particularly true for the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic triangular lattices. Owing to the small exchange strength, the newly discovered compound NaBaCo(PO) provides a rare opportunity for clarifying the quantum criticality in an ideal triangular lattice with quantum spin S=1/2. In addition to the establishment of the complete phase diagrams, the spin Hamiltonian with a negligible interplane interaction has been determined through the spin wave dispersion in the polarized state, which is consistent with the observation of a two-dimensional quantum critical point with the Bose-Einstein condensation of diluted free bosons.
吉田 周平*; Fu, R.*; Gong, W.; 池内 琢人*; Bai, Y.*; Feng, Z.*; Wu, G.*; 柴田 曉伸*; Hansen, N.*; Huang, X.*; et al.
IOP Conference Series; Materials Science and Engineering, 1249, p.012027_1 - 012027_6, 2022/08
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.83(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)This study revealed characteristics of the deformation behavior in high/medium entropy alloys (HEAs/MEAs) with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. A Co
Ni
alloy and a Co
CrNi MEA having low and high friction stresses (fundamental resistance to dislocation glide in solid solutions), respectively, but similar in other properties, including their stacking fault energy and grain sizes, were compared. The MEA exhibited a higher yield strength and work-hardening ability than those in the CoNi alloy at room temperature. Deformation microstructures of the CoNi alloy were composed of coarse dislocation cells (DCs) in most grains, and a few deformation twins (DTs) formed in grains with tensile axis (TA) nearly parallel to 
111
. In the MEA, three microstructure types were found depending on the grain orientations: (1) fine DCs developed in TA
//100-oriented grains; (2) planar dislocation structures (PDSs) formed in grains with other orientations; and (3) dense DTs adding to the PDSs developed in TA//111-oriented grains. The results imply difficulty in cross-slip of screw dislocations and dynamic recovery in the MEA, leading to an increase in the dislocation density and work-hardening rate. Our results suggest that FCC high-alloy systems with high friction stress inherently develop characteristic deformation microstructures advantageous for achieving high strength and large ductility.
K
(Zn
Mn
)
As studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering鈴木 博人*; Zhao, G.*; 岡本 淳*; 坂本 祥哉*; Chen, Z.-Y.*; 野中 洋亮*; 芝田 悟朗; Zhao, K.*; Chen, B.*; Wu, W.-B.*; et al.
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 91(6), p.064710_1 - 064710_5, 2022/06
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The magnetic properties and the electronic excitations of the new diluted magnetic semiconductor BaK(ZnMn)As have been studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). The sum rule analysis of the XMCD spectra indicates that the Mn atoms are in the high-spin configurations of 
, whereas the presence of competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions between the Mn ions reduces the net spin moment. Based on a comparison of the RIXS line shapes with those of GaMnAs, it is concluded that the ground state of Mn in BaK(ZnMn)As consists of both the 
and 
electron configurations.
Naeem, M.*; He, H.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Lin, W.*; Kai, J.-J.*; Wu, Z.*; Lan, S.*; Wang, X.-L.*
Acta Materialia, 221, p.117371_1 - 117371_18, 2021/12
被引用回数：31 パーセンタイル：94.71(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)We studied the deformation behavior of CrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy by in situ neutron diffraction at room temperature, intermediate low temperature of 140 K, low temperatures of 40 K (no serrated deformation) and 25 K (with massive serrations). The contributions from different deformation mechanisms to the yield strength and strain hardening have been estimated. The athermal contributions to the yield strength were 183 MPa at all temperatures, while the Peierls stress increased significantly at low temperatures (from 148 MPa at room temperature to 493 MPa at 25 K). Dislocations contributed to 94% strain hardening at room temperature. Although the dislocation strengthening remained the major hardening mechanism at very low temperatures, the planar faults contribution increased steadily from 6% at room temperature to 28% at 25 K.
Wang, Y.*; Jia, G.*; Cui, X.*; Zhao, X.*; Zhang, Q.*; Gu, L.*; Zheng, L.*; Li, L. H.*; Wu, Q.*; Singh, D. J.*; et al.
Chem, 7(2), p.436 - 449, 2021/02
被引用回数：199 パーセンタイル：99.81(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)Nanozymes are promising alternatives to natural enzymes, but their use remains limited owing to poor specificity. Overcoming this is extremely challenging due to the intrinsic structural complexity of these systems. We report theoretical design and experimental realization of a series of heterogeneous molybdenum single-atom nanozymes (named Mo
-N
-C), wherein we find that the peroxidase-like specificity is well regulated by the coordination numbers of single Mo sites. The resulting Mo-N
-C catalyst shows exclusive peroxidase-like behavior. It achieves this behavior via a homolytic pathway, whereas Mo-N-C and Mo-N-C catalysts have a different heterolytic pathway. The mechanism of this coordination-number-dependent enzymatic specificity is attributed to geometrical structure differences and orientation relationships of the frontier molecular orbitals.
He, H.*; Naeem, M.*; Zhang, F.*; Zhao, Y.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Wang, B.*; Wu, X.*; Lan, S.*; Wu, Z.*; et al.
Nano Letters, 21(3), p.1419 - 1426, 2021/02
被引用回数：41 パーセンタイル：95.42(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)In CrCoNi, a so-called medium-entropy alloy, an fcc-to-hcp phase transformation has long been anticipated. Here, we report an in situ loading study with neutron diffraction, which revealed a bulk fcc-to-hcp phase transformation in CrCoNi at 15 K under tensile loading. By correlating deformation characteristics of the fcc phase with the development of the hcp phase, it is shown that the nucleation of the hcp phase was triggered by intrinsic stacking faults. The confirmation of a bulk phase transformation adds to the myriads of deformation mechanisms available in CrCoNi, which together underpin the unusually large ductility at low temperatures.
Dupont, E.*; Bossant, M.*; Capote, R.*; Carlson, A. D.*; Danon, Y.*; Fleming, M.*; Ge, Z.*; 原田 秀郎; 岩本 修; 岩本 信之; et al.
EPJ Web of Conferences, 239, p.15005_1 - 15005_4, 2020/09
被引用回数：13 パーセンタイル：99.69(Nuclear Science & Technology)The OECD-NEA High Priority Request List (HPRL) is a point of reference to guide and stimulate the improvement of nuclear data for nuclear energy and other nuclear applications. The HPRL is application-driven and the requests are submitted by nuclear data users or representatives of the user's communities. A panel of international experts reviews and monitors the requests in the framework of an Expert Group mandated by the NEA Nuclear Science Committee Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Cooperation (WPEC). After approval, individual requests are divided in two priority categories only, whereas a third category now includes groups of generic requests in a well-defined area (e.g., dosimetry, standard). The HPRL is hosted by the NEA in the form of a relational database publicly available on the web. This contribution provides an overview of HPRL entries, status and outlook. Examples of requests successfully completed will be given and new requests will be described with emphasis on updated nuclear data needs in the fields of nuclear energy, neutron standards, dosimetry, and medical applications.
Li, B.; Luo, X. H.*; Wang, H.*; Ren, W. J.*; Yano, S.*; Wang, C.-W.*; Gardner, J. S.*; Liss, K.-D.*; Miao, P.*; Lee, S.-H.*; et al.
Physical Review B, 93(22), p.224405_1 - 224405_6, 2016/06
被引用回数：45 パーセンタイル：85.71(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases on frustrated lattices in hexagonal Laves phase compound Hf
Ta
Fe is investigated by using neutron diffraction as a function of temperature and magnetic fields and density-functional-theory calculations. At 325 K, the compound orders into the 120
frustrated antiferromagnetic state with well-reduced magnetic moment and an in-plane lattice contraction simultaneously sets in. With further cooling down, however, the accumulated distortion in turn destabilizes this susceptible frustrated structure. The frustration is completely relieved at 255 K when the first-order transition to the ferromagnetic state takes place, where a colossal negative volumetric thermal expansion, 
/K, is obtained. Meanwhile, the antiferromagnetic state can be suppressed by few Tesla magnetic fields, which results in a colossal positive magnetostriction. Such delicate competition is attributed to the giant magnetic fluctuation inherent in the frustrated antiferromagnetic state. Therefore, the magnetoelastic instability is approached even under a small perturbation.
Ding, F.*; Luo, G.-N.*; Pitts, R.*; Litnovsky, A.*; Gong, X.*; Ding, R.*; Mao, H.*; Zhou, H.*; Wampler, W. R.*; Stangeby, P. C.*; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 455(1-3), p.710 - 716, 2014/12
被引用回数：25 パーセンタイル：87.99(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)A movable material probe system (Material and Plasma Evaluation System: MAPES) with an independent pumping system and a sample exchange chamber has been developed and installed on a horizontal port of the EAST tokamak for studies of plasma material interaction (PMI). In the 2012 experimental campaign, deposition and erosion were studied for three samples: mock-up of the outer first wall panels (FWPs) in ITER, castellated tungsten, and molybdenum mirrors. The FWPs with carbon deposition layer were exposed to helium plasmas. The maximum erosion rate of the carbon was valuated to be 8 nm/s. The castellated tungsten with rectangular cells and roof-like shaped cells was exposed to deuterium plasmas to compare amount of deposits on the gap surface. The amount of carbon and boron impurities on the gap surface of the roof-like shaped cells were reduced to less than 30% compared with that of the rectangular cells. The molybdenum mirrors of which protective ducts are installed in front were exposed to deuterium plasmas in order to investigate effects of length of the ducts. It was found that the reflectivity of the mirrors with 60 mm-long protective ducts is kept the initial reflectivity.
Liu, W.; 永武 拓; 高瀬 和之; Wu, C. X.*; 小野 大輔*; 上野 直広*; 山田 浩志*; Xu, C. N.*
Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference (ICONE-20 & POWER 2012) (DVD-ROM), 6 Pages, 2012/07
原子炉の熱流動安全性向上等を目的として開発を進めている熱構造連成解析手法の検証には、構造体の熱応力分布に関するデータが必要である。しかしながら、代表的な熱応力計測技術であるひずみゲージは設置した任意の位置のデータしか計測できないため、分布データを得るためには多数のひずみゲージが必要となる。そこで、著者らは、構造体の任意の2次元面に対して加えられた曲げ等の力の大きさを発光強度に変える応力発光物質を利用して、温度によって変化する構造体の熱応力分布を発光強度によって計測する技術の開発を行っている。応力発光物質を利用した計測は、常温下における橋脚などの応力分布測定技術として産業技術総合研究所によって研究が始められており、本研究は高温条件への利用範囲の拡張を目指すものである。本報では、応力発光物質を初めて100Cを超える高温条件で使用し、熱応力分布計測の可能性について調べた結果を述べる。具体的には、熱応力を発生できる実験装置を製作し、この装置に応力発光物質を塗布して取得した発光強度データとひずみゲージによる計測データの比較を通して、応力発光物質による構造体熱応力分布計測が定性的に可能であることを明らかにした。一方、課題としては、応力発光物質は力による発光とともに温度によっても発光するため、発光強度に占める力と温度の割合を定量化する必要がある。
Chen, L.-M.; 中島 一久; Hong, W.*; Hua, J. F.*; 亀島 敬; 小瀧 秀行; 杉山 精博*; Wen, X.*; Wu, Y.*; Tang, C.*; et al.
Chinese Optics Letters, 5(S1), p.S133 - S135, 2007/05
Experiments for the laser guiding studies has been carried out with the 30 fs, 100 TW laser pulse interaction with the long slab and discharged capillary of underdense plasma. Formation of extremely long plasma channel with its length 10 times above the Rayleigh length is observed when the laser pulse power is much higher than the critical power for relativistic self-focusing. The long self-guiding channel formation is accompanied by the quasi-monoenergetic electron acceleration with a low transverse emittance and high electric current (10 nC/shot). In order to continuously elongate plasma channel, a 4 cm-scale discharged capillary was used. We successfully demonstrated laser-plasma acceleration of high-quality electron beams up to nearly GeV. Our results exactly verified the prediction of laser-wakefield acceleration through a cm-scale plasma channel in the blowout bubble regime.
文沢 元雄; 亀田 晃之*; 中川 隆志*; Wu, W.*; 吉川 榮和*
Nuclear Technology, 141(1), p.78 - 87, 2003/01
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：36.77(Nuclear Science & Technology)原子炉運転制御盤の操作性の改善を図るため、運転員の行動様式に着目した、客観的データを検討することは重要である。原子炉運転員のヒューマンエラーを左右する主要なファクター(客観的データ)の1つにワークロードがある。ワークロードは運転員の身体的,精神的な負担の指標であり、本研究ではワークロードとして、移動距離,タスク実行時間,記憶量などを扱う。ワークロードの低減を図るには、原子炉制御盤(Human Machine Interfaces: HMI)を操作する運転員のワークロードを定量的並びに正確に評価する必要がある。本研究では、複数運転員(運転クルー)が操作する原子炉プラントのHMI設計を対象に、反復設計を効率的に実施するための計算機システム,SEAMAID(Simulation-based Evaluation and Analysis support system for MAn-machine Interface Design)を開発した。すなわち、HMI設計をワークロードという指標により評価するためのシステム開発を行った。併せて、CRT(記録計の監視可能なモニター)を旧来の制御盤に導入することで、運転員のワークロード(移動距離,視点移動距離など)がどの程度低減できる制御盤設計が可能であるかを検討した。
亀島 敬; 小瀧 秀行; 神門 正城; 大東 出; 川瀬 啓悟; 福田 祐仁; Chen, L. M.*; 本間 隆之; 近藤 修司; Esirkepov, T. Z.; et al.
no journal, ,
レーザープラズマ電子加速は非常に高い電場を持っているが、加速空間が非常に短いという問題点を持っているため、その電子ビームの加速エネルギーは100MeV程度に制限されていた。近年、このレーザープラズマ電子加速が抱える問題点をキャピラリー放電管を用いることで大幅に解決がなされた。プラズマは密度が高いほど屈折率が低くなる特徴を利用して放電管の中でプラズマ密度を中心で薄く、その外周を高く分布させれば光ファイバーと同じ原理でレーザーは放電管内のプラズマ中を集光伝搬しながら相互作用する。ゆえに、加速空間を大幅に拡張することができる。この実験を2006年に中国工程物理研究院とKEK、及び原子力機構で共同実験を行い、キャピラリ放電管を用いて4.4Jのレーザーパルスの集光伝搬及び0.56GeVの電子ビームの生成に成功した。加えて、JAEAにて同様の実験を2007年に行い、1Jのレーザーパルスの集光伝搬及び電子ビームの発生に成功した。
Liu, W.; 永武 拓; 高瀬 和之; Wu, C. X.*; 小野 大輔*; 山田 浩志*; Xu, C.-N.*
no journal, ,
原子炉の熱流動安全性向上等を目的として開発を進めている熱構造連成解析手法の検証には、構造体の熱応力分布に関するデータが必要である。しかしながら、代表的な熱応力計測技術であるひずみゲージは設置した任意の位置のデータしか計測できないため、分布データを得るためには多数のひずみゲージが必要となる。そこで、著者らは、構造体の任意の2次元面に対して加えられた曲げ等の力の大きさを発光強度に変える応力発光物質を利用して、温度によって変化する構造体の熱応力分布を発光強度によって計測する技術の開発を行っている。応力発光物質を利用した計測は、常温下における橋脚などの応力分布測定技術として産業技術総合研究所によって研究が始められており、本研究は高温条件への利用範囲の拡張を目指すものである。本報では、応力発光物質を初めて高温条件で使用し、熱応力分布計測の可能性について調べた結果を述べる。具体的には、熱応力を発生できる予備実験装置を製作し、この装置に応力発光物質を塗布して取得した発光強度データとひずみゲージによる計測データの比較を通して、応力発光物質による構造体熱応力分布計測が定性的に可能であることを明らかにした。一方、課題としては、応力発光物質は力による発光とともに温度によっても発光するため、発光強度に占める力と温度の割合を定量化する必要がある。
Liu, W.; 永武 拓; 高瀬 和之; Wu, C. X.*; 小野 大輔*; 山田 浩志*; Xu, C.-N.*
no journal, ,
原子炉の熱流動安全性向上等を目的として開発を進めている熱構造連成解析手法の検証には、構造体の熱応力分布に関するデータが必要である。しかしながら、代表的な熱応力計測技術であるひずみゲージは設置した任意の位置のデータしか計測できないため、分布データを得るためには多数のひずみゲージが必要となる。そこで、著者らは、構造体の任意の2次元面に対して加えられた曲げ等の力の大きさを発光強度に変える応力発光物質を利用して、温度によって変化する構造体の熱応力分布を発光強度によって計測する技術の開発を行っている。応力発光物質を利用した計測は、常温下における橋脚などの応力分布測定技術として産総研によって研究が始められており、本研究は高温条件への利用範囲の拡張を目指すものである。本報では、応力発光物質を初めて高温条件で使用し、熱応力分布計測の可能性について調べた結果を述べる。具体的には、熱応力を発生できる予備実験装置を製作し、この装置に応力発光物質を塗布して取得した発光強度データとひずみゲージによる計測データの比較を通して、応力発光物質による構造体熱応力分布計測が定性的に可能であることを明らかにした。一方、課題としては、応力発光物質は力による発光とともに温度によっても発光するため、発光強度に占める力と温度の割合を定量化する必要がある。
